Relationships Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Food Cravings, and Mood States in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diet using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and to examine the effects of diet-induced inflammation on food craving and mood status (depression, anxiety, and stress) in individuals with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 432 women aged between 18 and 55 years. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale was administered to all participants, and on the basis of this evaluation, the data of 214 women diagnosed with PMS were included in the study. Data were collected face-to-face via a questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic form, the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait Reduced, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and a 3-day dietary intake record. The DII was calculated from the data obtained from the 3-day food records. Results: The prevalence of PMS was 49.5%. Increased food craving was positively associated with increased body weight, body mass index and increased intake of energy, fat, carbohydrates, and saturated fat (p<0.05). Menstruation-related weight gain, edema, and appetite changes were also significantly associated with increased food craving (p<0.05). Low intake of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin D was associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress (p<0.05). No statistically significant relationships were found between the DII and food craving or mood status (p>0.05). Conclusion: The complex relationship between dietary components and food craving/mood status in individuals with PMS suggests that nutrition-focused interventions may play an important role in symptom management. However, further research is needed to clarify the effects of dietary inflammatory potential on food craving and mood.

Keywords

• Dietary inflammatory index
• food craving
• mood status
• premenstrual syndrome

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted with the approval of the Üsküdar University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 61351342/June 2024-73), dated 24.06.2024. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing information about the purpose of the research. All procedures of the study were carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Premenstrüel Sendromlu Bireylerde Diyet İnflamatuar İndeksi, Yeme Arzusu ve Duygu Durumu Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Diyet İnflamatuar İndeksi kullanılarak premenstrüel sendromlu (PMS) bireylerde diyetin inflamatuar potansiyelini değerlendirmeyi ve diyet kaynaklı inflamasyonun yeme arzusu ile duygu durumu (depresyon, anksiyete ve stres) üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya 18–55 yaş aralığında 432 kadın birey katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden kadınların tümüne Premenstrüel Sendrom Ölçeği uygulanmış ve değerlendirme sonucunda PMS’li 214 bireyin verileri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada veriler; sosyo-demografik form, Yeme Arzusu ölçeği-kısa formu, Depresyon-Anksiyete-Stres ölçeği ve 3 günlük besin tüketim kaydı’ndan oluşan anket formu ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Diyet İnflamatuar İndeksi ise 3 günlük besin tüketim kayıtları kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada PMS prevalansı %49,5 olarak saptanmıştır. Yeme arzusunda artış; vücut ağırlığı, beden kütle indeksi ile enerji, yağ, karbonhidrat ve doymuş yağ alımlarındaki artış ile pozitif yönde ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Menstruasyona bağlı kilo artışı, ödem ve iştah değişiklikleri de yeme arzusu artışı ile anlamlı ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Posa, A vitamini, C vitamini ve D vitamininin düşük düzeyde alınması, daha yüksek anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Diyetin inflamatuar indeksi ile yeme arzusu ve duygu durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç: Premenstrüel sendromlu bireylerde diyet bileşenleri ile yeme arzusu ve duygu durumu arasındaki kompleks ilişki, beslenme odaklı müdahalelerin semptom yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ancak diyetin inflamatuar potansiyelinin yeme arzusu ve duygu durumuna etkisinin netleştirilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Diyet inflamatuar indeksi
• yeme arzusu
• duygu durumu
• premenstrüel sendrom

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