COVID-19 Disease and Pulmonary Physiotherapy

Abstract

COVID-19 Hastalığı ve Pulmoner Fizyoterapi

Abstract

Özet

Aralık 2019’da, Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün pandemi olarak ilan ettiği COVID-19, hastaların temel olarak respiratuar, kardiyovasküler, nörolojik ve kas-iskelet sistemlerini etkilemektedir. Vakaların %15’i şiddetli, %5’i ise ventilasyon ve yaşam desteği gerektiren çok şiddetli klinik tablo ile izlenmektedir. COVID-19 hastaları, bu etkiler sebebiyle hastalığın stabil olduğu erken dönemden itibaren pulmoner rehabilitasyona ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Solunum fizyoterapisi, pulmoner rehabilitasyonun önemli komponentlerinden biridir. Bu derlemede güncel literatür eşliğinde, COVID-19 hastalarının hastane süreci ve taburculuklarında uygulanabilecek solunum fizyoterapi yöntemleri ve uygulamalar sırasında dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, solunum fizyoterapisi, pulmoner rehabilitasyon. 

Abstract

COVID-19, which was appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and declared by the World Health Organization a pandemic, affects patients’ respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. 15% of the cases are severe and 5% are followed by a very severe clinical condition that requires ventilation and life support. COVID-19 patients need pulmonary rehabilitation from the early stage on when the disease is stable due to these negative effects. Respiratory physiotherapy is one of the important components of pulmonary rehabilitation. In this review, respiratory physiotherapy methods which can be applied to patients during the treatment in hospital and after the discharge, and points to be considered in the application of these methods are discussed.

Keywords: COVID-19, respiratory physiotherapy, pulmonary rehabilitation.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Pulmoner rehabilitasyon
• solunum fizyoterapisi

References

1. Ajimsha, M. S., Neeraj Gampawar, M. P. T., Surendran, P. J., Jacob, P., Vasileios Karpouzis, M. P. T., Haneef, M., et al. (2020). Acute care physiotherapy management of COVID-19 patients in Qatar: Consensus-based recommendations.
2. Associazione Riabilitatori Dell ‘Insufficienza Respiratoria (ARIR). (2020, March 8) Joint statement on the role of respiratory rehabilitation in the COVID-19 crisis: the Italian position paper, Retrieved May 10, 2020 from https://www.arirassociazione.org/wp-content/ uploads/2020/03/Joint-statement-role-RR_COVID_19_E_Clini.pdf
3. Gosselink, R., Bott, J., Johnson, M., Dean, E., Nava, S., Norrenberg, M., et al. (2008). Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: recommendations of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force on physiotherapy for critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine, 34(7), 1188-1199.
4. Gosselink, R., Clerckx, B., Robbeets, C., Vanhullebusch, T., Vanpee, G., & Segers, J. (2011). Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit. The Netherlands Journal of Critical Care, 15(2), 66-75.
5. Guan, W. J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W. H., Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 382(18), 1708-1720.
6. Guérin, C., Reignier, J., Richard, J. C., Beuret, P., Gacouin, A., Boulain, T., et al. (2013). Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(23), 2159-2168.
7. Hodgson, C. L., Stiller, K., Needham, D. M., Tipping, C. J., Harrold, M., Baldwin, C. E., et al. (2014). Expert consensus and recommendations on safety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. Critical Care, 18(6), 658.
8. Jang, M. H., Shin, M. J., & Shin, Y. B. (2019). Pulmonary and physical rehabilitation in critically ill patients. Acute and critical care, 34(1), 1.

9. Lazzeri, M., Lanza, A., Bellini, R., Bellofiore, A., Cecchetto, S., Colombo, A., et al. (2020). Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR). Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 90(1).
10. Schweickert, W. D., Pohlman, M. C., Pohlman, A. S., Nigos, C., Pawlik, A. J., Esbrook, C. L., et al. (2009). Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 373(9678), 1874-1882.
11. Spruit, M. A., Singh, S. J., Garvey, C., ZuWallack, R., Nici, L., Rochester, C., et al. (2013). An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 188(8), e13-e64.
12. Strickland, S. L., Rubin, B. K., Drescher, G. S., Haas, C. F., O’Malley, C. A., Volsko, T. A., et al. (2013). AARC clinical practice guideline: effectiveness of nonpharmacologic airway clearance therapies in hospitalized patients. Respiratory Care, 58(12), 2187-2193.
13. Thomas, P., Baldwin, C., Bissett, B., Boden, I., Gosselink, R., Granger, C. L., et al. (2020). Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations. Journal of Physiotherapy, 66(2), 73-82.
14. World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT), (2020, March 2). Recommendations for physiotherapy of adult patients with COVID-19. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from https://www. wcpt.org/sites/wcpt.org/files/files/wcptnews/images/ Recommendations%20for%20physiotherapy%20of%20adult%20 patients%20with%20COVID-19_POLISH.pdf
15. World Health Organization (WHO). Q&As on COVID-19 and related health topics, Retrieved May 12, 2020, from https://www.who. int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-andanswers-hub
16. Wujtewicz, M., Dylczyk-Sommer, A., Aszkiełowicz, A., Zdanowski, S., Piwowarczyk, S., & Owczuk, R. (2020). COVID-19–what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it?. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 52(1), 34-41.
17. Zhao, H. M., Xie, Y. X., & Wang, C. (2020). Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation in adults with COVID-19. Chinese Medical Journal.