Effect of COVID-19 on Musculoskeletal System

Abstract

COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus adversely affects the musculoskeletal system. Pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system occur due to the direct viral exposure of muscle tissue, synovium and cortical bone cells via the transmembrane protease, serine 2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, or due to cytokines and proinflammatory molecules. In addition, corticosteroids used in the treatment of the disease increase the disruption in the musculoskeletal system. Severe myalgia and arthralgia, high creatine kinase level and decreased bone density are the main symptoms. Highly genetic and pathological similarities between SARS-CoV-1 – SARS-CoV-2 enable short and long-term musculoskeletal complications to be predicted for patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Aerobic and strengthening exercises can be used efficiently against the disruption of the musculoskeletal system caused by COVID-19.

Keywords

• Coronavirus
• Muscle
• Bone
• Synovium

COVID-19’un Kas İskelet Sistemine Etkisi

Abstract

Özet

SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün neden olduğu COVID-19 hastalığı, kas-iskelet sistemini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Kas iskelet sistemindeki patolojik değişiklikler kas dokusu, sinovyum ve kortikal kemikte bulunan transmembran proteaz, serin 2 ve anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 (ACE2) reseptörüyle bu hücrelerin doğrudan viral enfeksiyona maruz kalmasıyla ya da sitokinler ve proenflamatuar moleküller nedeniyle meydana gelmektedir. Ayrıca hastalığın tedavi sürecinde kullanılan kortikosteroidler de kas iskelet sistemindeki harabiyeti arttırmaktadır. Şiddetli miyalji ve artralji, yüksek kreatin kinaz seviyesi ve kemik yoğunluğunun azalması görülen başlıca semptomlardır. SARS-CoV-1 ile SARSCoV- 2 arasındaki yüksek genetik ve patolojik benzerlikler, COVID-19 hastalığını şiddetli düzeyde geçiren hastaların kısa ve uzun vadeli kas-iskelet sistemi komplikasyonlarının öngörülebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Aerobik ve kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri COVID-19’un neden olduğu kas iskelet sistemi harabiyetine karşı etkin olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Koronavirüs, kas, kemik, sinovyum.

Abstract

COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus adversely affects the musculoskeletal system. Pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system occur due to the direct viral exposure of muscle tissue, synovium and cortical bone cells via the transmembrane protease, serine 2 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, or due to cytokines and proinflammatory molecules. In addition, corticosteroids used in the treatment of the disease increase the disruption in the musculoskeletal system. Severe myalgia and arthralgia, high creatine kinase level and decreased bone density are the main symptoms. Highly genetic and pathological similarities between SARSCoV- 1 – SARS-CoV-2 enable the prediction of short and long-term musculoskeletal complications for patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Aerobic and strengthening exercises can be used efficiently against the disruption of the musculoskeletal system caused by COVID-19.

Keywords: Coronavirus, muscle, bone, synovium

Keywords

• Koronavirüs
• Kas
• Kemik
• Sinovyum

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