Üst Servikal Omurga: Anatomi, Patofizyoloji ve Klinik Tablo

Abstract

Kranioservikal bileşke “foramen magnum (oksiput), C1 (atlas), C2 (axis) ve araya giren tendonlar ve bağları çevreleyen oksipital kemik dahil olmak üzere kafatasının tabanı ile ‘’servikal omurganın birleşimi” olarak tanımlanır. Oksipital kondiller ve kompleks bağ sistemi arasındaki özel eklemler, bu üç yapıyı tek bir fonksiyonel birime bağlar. Bu sistem, kafa tabanından C2'ye uzanan nörovasküler yapıları içerir. C1 ve C2 disfonksiyonu, doğrudan medulla spinalisin mekanik irritasyonu yoluyla ve dolaylı olarak vasküler yapıları etkileyerek nörolojik hasar oluşturabilir. Ayrıca Dentate ligaman aracılığı ile medulla spinalise benzersiz bir şekilde bağlanmalarından dolayı üst servikal omurga disfonksiyonları, medulla spinalise doğrudan bası yaparak deforme edebilir. Mekanik irritasyon, damarlarda staz ile beraber venöz tıkanmaya neden olur. Bu durum, üst servikal kordun belirli bölgelerinde anoksiye neden olabilir. Sonuç olarak üst servikal omurga disfonksyonları vücutta nörolojik ve kas iskelet sistemi problemlerinin gelişmesine neden olur.

Keywords

• Üst servikal omurga
• Anatomi
• Patofizyoloji
• Fizyoterapi
• Manuel terapi

Upper Cervical Spine: Anatomy, Pathophysiology and Clinic Picture

Abstract

The craniocervical junction is defined as "the fusion of the base of the skull with the cervical spine, including the foramen magnum (occiput), C1 (atlas), C2 (axis), and the occipital bone surrounding the intervening tendons and ligaments". This includes neurovascular structures extending from the skull base to C2. C1 and C2 dysfunction may cause neurological damage directly through mechanical irritation of the spinal cord and indirectly by affecting vascular structures. Because of their unique attachment to the spinal cord via dentate ligaments, upper cervical spine dysfunctions can directly compress and deform the spinal cord. Mechanical irritation may cause venous occlusion together with stasis in the veins. This condition can cause anoxia in certain areas of the upper cervical cord. As a result, upper cervical spine dysfunctions lead to the development of neurological and musculoskeletal system problems in the body.

Keywords

• Upper cervical spine
• anatomy
• physiotherapy
• manual therapy
• pathophysiology

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