COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitimi

Abstract

Bu derlemede, COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında farklı ülkelerdeki hemşirelik okullarında,

ülkelerindeki mevcut koşullar, yasal düzenlemeler ve mesleki kurumların önerileri

doğrultusunda yapılan uygulamaları açıklamak ve örnekleri ile sunmak amaçlanmıştır.

COVID-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkışı, hemşirelik okullarındaki eğitim şeklinde hızlı

değişiklikler yapılmasını, yenilikçiliği, esnekliği ve hızlı hareket etmeyi gerektirmiştir.

Hemşirelik eğitiminde yüz yüze yürütülen teorik dersler hızla çevrim içi ortamlara

taşınmıştır. Dünyanın birçok bölgesinde virüsün doğası ve hakkındaki belirsizlik,

kişisel koruyucu ekipman temini, sağlık sigortası, eğitimci denetimi gibi nedenler

göz önüne alınarak öğrencilerin klinik uygulamaları iptal edilmiştir. Bu nedenle klinik

uygulama ile öğrencinin kazanabileceği bilgi, beceri ve tutumların geliştirilmesi

tüm dünyada hemşirelik eğitiminde en çok zorluk yaşanan alan olmuştur. Çevrim içi

eğitime geçiş, okulların öğrenci katılımını teşvik edecek stratejiler geliştirmelerini, sınav

prosedürlerinde ve not verme uygulamalarında değişiklikler yapmalarını gerektirmiştir.

Aynı zamanda eğitimciler öğrencilere alternatif klinik deneyimler sunmak ve öğrenci

performansının nasıl değerlendirileceğini yeniden tanımlamak zorunda kalmışlardır.

Hemşirelik okulu yöneticileri ve eğitimcileri pandemi süresince hemşirelik eğitiminin

devamlılığını sağlamak ve kalitesini sürdürmek için okullarda altyapının düzenlenmesi,

hemşirelik öğrencileri için klinik alan gereksinimlerinin planlanması, akreditasyon

standartlarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması gibi pek çok unsuru göz önünde

bulundurmuştur. Salgınlarla mücadelede yetkin sağlık profesyonelleri yetiştirebilmek

için eğitimde gerekli düzenlemeler acil olarak yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, eğitim, hemşirelik, pandemiler.

Abstract

The aim of this review is to explain and present examples of the practices in nursing

schools around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the conditions,

legal regulations, and recommendations of professional associations in different

countries. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has required rapid changes in the

form of education in nursing schools as well as innovation, flexibility, and rapid action.

Theoretical courses conducted face-to-face in nursing education have been rapidly

transferred to online platforms. In many parts of the world, the clinical learning has been

canceled, considering the uncertainty of the virus, the supply of the personal protective

equipment, health insurance, and educator supervision. For this reason, developing the

knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students gain through clinical learning has been

the most difficult issue in nursing education all over the world. The transition to online

education has required schools to develop strategies to encourage student participation,

and to make changes in exam procedures and grading. Meanwhile, educators had to

offer students alternative clinical experiences and redefine how to evaluate student

performance. To ensure the continuity of nursing education and to maintain its

quality during the pandemic, nursing school deans and nurse educators have taken

into account many factors such as organizing the infrastructure in schools, planning

clinical learning requirements for nursing students, and ensuring the sustainability of

accreditation standards. Necessary regulations in education should be made urgently in

order to train competent health professionals in combating epidemics.

Keywords: COVID-19, education, nursing, pandemics.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• eğitim
• hemşirelik
• pandemiler

Nursing Education in the World during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

In this review, it is aimed to explain the practices performed in nursing schools in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic in line with the current conditions in their countries, legal regulations, and the recommendations of professional institutions, and to present examples. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has required rapid changes in the education method in nursing schools, innovation, flexibility, and rapid action. Theoretical courses conducted face-to-face in nursing education have been rapidly transferred to online platforms. In many parts of the world, the clinical learning of the students has been canceled, considering the uncertainty of the virus structure, the supply of personal protection equipment, health insurance, and educator supervision. For this reason, developing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students can gain through clinical learning has been the most difficult issue in nursing education all over the world. The transition to online education has required schools to develop strategies to encourage student participation and to make changes in exam procedures and grading. At the same time, educators had to offer students alternative clinical experiences and redefine how to evaluate student performance. Nursing school deans and nurse educators have taken into account many factors such as organizing the infrastructure in schools, planning clinical learning requirements for nursing students, ensuring the sustainability of accreditation standards to ensure the continuity of nursing education and maintain its quality during the pandemic. Necessary regulations in education should be made urgently to train competent health professionals in combatting epidemics.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• education
• nursing
• pandemics

References

1. 1. Aggarwal G, Aggarwal S, Robles J, Depasquale JR, Auseon A. Medical education focus in published articles related to COVID-19. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(14):7905-7. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202007_22297.
2. 2. Carolan C, Davies CL, Crookes P, McGhee S, Roxburgh M. COVID-19: Disruptive impacts and transformative opportunities in undergraduate nurse education. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020 Jul;46:102807. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102807.
3. 3. Lira ALBC, Adamy EK, Teixeira E, Silva FV. Nursing education: Challenges and perspectives in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(Suppl2):e20200683. DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0683.
4. 4. Lazenby M, Chambers S, Chyun D, Davidson P, Dithole K, Norman I, et al. Clinical nursing and midwifery education in the pandemic age. Int Nurs Rev. 2020 Sep 1;67(3):323-5. DOI: 10.1111/inr.12601.
5. 5. Bezerra IMP. State of the art of nursing education and the challenges to use remote technologies in the time of corona virus pandemic. J Hum Growth Dev. 2020; 30(1):141-147. DOI: 10.7322/jhgd.v30.10087.
6. 6. Singh A, Haynes M. The challenges of COVID-19 in nursing education: The time for faculty leadership training is now. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020 Aug;47:102831. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102831.
7. 7. Morin KH. Nursing education after COVID-19: Same or different? J Clin Nurs. 2020 Sep;29(17-18):3117-3119. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15322.
8. 8. Dewart G, Corcoran L, Thirsk L, Petrovic K. Nursing education in a pandemic: Academic challenges in response to COVID-19. Nurse Educ Today. 2020;92:104471. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104471.

9. 9. Taylor R, Thomas-Gregory A, Hofmeyer A. Teaching empathy and resilience to undergraduate nursing students: A call to action in the context of COVID-19. Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Nov;94:104524. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104524.
10. 10. Cervera-Gasch Á, González-Chordá VM, Mena-Tudela D. COVID-19: Are Spanish medicine and nursing students prepared? Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Sep;92:104473. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104473.
11. 11. Jones K, Hein LC, James L. A nursing leadership practicum in the time of COVID-19: A Southeastern University Experience. Nurse Lead. 2020 Jul 4. DOI:10.1016/j.mnl.2020.06.010.
12. 12. NCSBN Leading Regulatory Excellence. Changes in education requirements for nursing programs during COVID-19; 22.6.2020. [cited 24.11.2020] Available from: https://www.ncsbn.org/EducationRequirement-Changes_COVID-19.pdf
13. 13. American Assosciation of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). Consideration for COVID-19 preparedness and response in U.S. schools of nursing. 2020 Marc 20. [cited 30.11.2020] Available from: https://www.aacnnursing. org/News-Information/COVID-19/AACN-Recommendations
14. 14. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). AACN response to COVID-19 frequently asked questions (FAQs). [cited 30.11.2020] Available from: https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/News/AACNCOVID-FAQs.pdf
15. 15. National Student Nurses’ Assosiation (NSNA). Guidance for nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020 Mar 30. [cited 30.11.2020] Available from: https://www.nsna.org/recent-updates.html
16. 16. Innovations in nursing education: Recommendations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; 2020 March 30. [cited 24.11.2020] Available from: https://nepincollaborative.org/washington-state-innovationsin-nursing-education-recommendations-in-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic/
17. 17. American Assosciation of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). Consideration for reopening U.S. schools of nursing during COVID-19. 2020 July 28. [cited 30.11.2020] Available from: https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/News/AACN-Guidance-Reopening-Schools-COVID-19-July-2020.pdf
18. 18. American Assosciation of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). Rounds with leadership: Moving towards reopening schools of nursing. 2020 Aug 26. [cited 30.11.2020] Available from: https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/News/View/ArticleId/24678/Rounds-withLeadership-8-26-20
19. 19. Peoples LM. Reimagining, transforming, and disrupting the way nursing students train during COVID-19. 2020 Sept 2. [cited 24.11.2020] Available from: https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/News/View/ArticleId/24682/Perspectives-on-Creative-Clinical-Placement
20. 20. Swan, BA. Moving beyond the obvious: Engaging new clinical partners during COVID-19. 2020 Oct 2. [cited 24.11.2020] Available from: https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/News/View/ArticleId/24682/Perspectives-on-Creative-Clinical-Placement
21. 21. Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN). Nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 March. Available from: https://www.casn.ca/2020/03/nursing-education-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
22. 22. Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) briefing note for CASN members, 2020 March 4. [cited 30.11.2020] Available from: https://www.casn.ca/2020/03/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-briefing-note-for-casn-members/covid19-pamphlet/
23. 23. Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC). Emergency standards for nursing and midwifery education, 2020. [cited 24.11.2020] Available from: https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/educationstandards/emergency-standards-for-nursing-and-midwiferyeducation.pdf
24. 24. NHS Health Education England. Student support guidance during COVID-19 outbreak. March 2020. [cited 24.11.2020] Available from: https://www.hee.nhs.uk/coronavirus-covid-19/coronavirus-covid-19-information-nurses
25. 25. Monforte-Royo C, Fuster P. Coronials: Nurses who graduated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Will they be better nurses? Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Nov;94:104536. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104536.
26. 26. Jiménez-Rodríguez D, Torres Navarro MDM, Plaza Del Pino FJ, Arrogante O. Simulated nursing video consultations: An innovative proposal during COVID-19 confinement. Clin Simul Nurs. 2020 Nov;48:29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecns.2020.08.004.
27. 27. Gómez-Ibáñez R, Watson C, Leyva-Moral JM, Aguayo-González M, Granel N. Final-year nursing students called to work: Experiences of a rushed labour insertion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020 Nov;49:102920. DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102920.
28. 28. Chan MMK, Yu DS, Lam VS, Wong JY. Online clinical training in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clin Teach. 2020;17:1-2. DOI: 10.1111/tct.13218.
29. 29. Choi EPH, Ho M, Smith R. What can we do for part-time nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic? Med Educ. 2020 Jul;54(7):667-8. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14196.
30. 30. Singh B, Singh R. Nursing education during COVID-19 pandemic: Way forward for teaching hospitals in Nepal. Europasian J Med Sci. 2020;2(2):1-4. DOI: 10.46405/ejms.v2i2.126.
31. 31. Cheng YC, Huang LC, Yang CH, Chang HC. Experiential learning program to strengthen self-reflection and critical thinking in freshmen nursing students during COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 28;17(15):5442. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155442.