Dünyada Hemşirelik Eğitiminin Başlaması: İlk Hemşirelik Okulları

Abstract

İnsan gereksinimlerinden doğan hemşireliğin ortaya çıkışı mesleki eğitiminin geliştiği, hemşirelik okullarının kurulduğu, 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısından sonraki dönemdir. Hemşirelik eğitiminin başlamasında; savaşlar, Protestan reformu, endüstri devrimi, küreselleşme ve kolonizasyon hareketleri, misyonerlik faaliyetleri, din, ekonomi, ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyleri, değişen sağlık bakım gereksinimleri, sosyal farkındalık, kadın hakları gibi durumlar etkili olmuştur. Bugünün hemşireliğini anlamak, geliştirmek ve geleceğe hazırlamak için geçmişini, onu etkileyen tarihsel olayları, sosyolojik faktörleri, eğitimindeki gelişmeleri anlamak son derece önemlidir. Bu derlemede Dünya’da bazı ülkelerde hemşirelik mesleğinin gelişiminde yol açan ilk hemşirelik okulları ve kurulma süreçleri kronolojik sırayla incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• hemşirelik
• eğitim
• okul
• hemşirelik okulu

Beginning of Nursing Education in the World: The First Nursing Schools

Abstract

The profession of nursing, which arises out of human needs, emerges after the first half of the 19th century when vocational education was developed, and nursing schools were established. Wars, Protestant reform, the industrial revolution, globalization and colonization movements, missionary activities, religion, economy, development levels of countries, changing healthcare needs, social awareness, and women's rights are among those events and factors which led to the emergence of nursing education. To understand, develop, and prepare today’s nursing practice for the future, it is essential to comprehend historical events, sociological factors, and recent changes in nursing education. In this review, the first nursing schools, which have a very important place in the development of the nursing profession, and their establishment processes are examined in a chronological order.

Keywords

• nursing
• education
• school
• nursing school

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