An Important Initiative in Pediatric Nursing: Atraumatic Care and Approaches
Year 2021,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 131 - 135, 31.05.2021
Pınar Doğan
,
Nurdan Akcay
,
Hatice Bal Yılmaz
Abstract
Atraumatic care approach is an important aspect of the pediatric nursing. Many hospital interventions in pediatrics can be traumatic, and these interventions can increase the stress and anxiety of parents and children. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological care approaches are used within the scope of atraumatic care approaches. The use of atraumatic care approaches by pediatric nurses also helps to reduce or prevent pain during painful procedures, to ensure the active participation of the family in the care of the child, to provide the emotional support that the child and family need, to develop the sense of control of the family and the child, and to teach stress coping techniques. Pediatric nurses should use accurate and reliable atraumatic care approaches appropriate for the child’s age and developmental stages. By using atraumatic care approaches, it is possible to reduce the stress and negative emotions caused by illness and hospitalization on the child and family, and to prevent and/or reduce the child’s pain. Having adequate knowledge of atraumatic care principles and atraumatic care approaches has an important role in providing optimum care and maintaining healthy growth and development of children for pediatric nurses. The aim of the present review is to address the importance of atraumatic care and atraumatic care approaches in the pediatric nursing.
References
- Furdon SA, Pfeil VC, Snow K. Operationalizing Donna Wong’s principle of atraumatic care: Pain management protocol in the NICU. Pediatric Nursing. 1998; 24(4): 336.
- Ocakcı A, Yiğen E. Çocuk sağlıgı ve hastalıklarında atravmatık hemşirelik bakımı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2004; 20(1): 117-6.
- Oran G, Arslan S. Pediatride atravmatik bakım uygulamaları. Evereklioğlu C, Goncagül G, Dikmetaş C. (Ed.). İçinde: Sağlık bilimleri alanında araştırma ve değerlendirmeler. 2019; (2): s. 21-8. Erişim adresi: https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/saglik_cilt_2.pdf#page=21
- Çalışır H, Karataş P. Pediatri hemşireliğinde atravmatik bakım yaklaşımı: Ağrı, stres ve anksiyeteyi azaltmada farmakolojik olmayan uygulamalar. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2019; 16 (3): 234-5.
- Aksoy EY, Genç ER. Yenidoğanda atravmatik bakım. Turkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 4(3): 375-0.
- Mediani HS, Hendrawati S, Shidqi N. The knowledge and attitude of nurses in the ımplementation of atraumatic care in hospitalized children in Indonesia. Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2019; 8(1): 51-6.
- Pazarcıklı F, Efe E. Çocukluk dönemi aşı uygulamalarında atravmatik bakım yöntemleri. JACSD. 2017; 62-7.
- Teksöz E, Ocakçı AF. Çocuk Hemşireliği’nde sanat uygulamaları. DEUHYO ED. 2014; 7(2): 119- 3.
- Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS. Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012; (12).
- Harrison D, Reszel J, Bueno M, Sampson M, Shah VS, Taddio A, et al. Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (10).
- Schollin J. Analgesic effect of expressed breast milk in procedural pain in neonates. Acta Paediatrica. 2004; 93(4): 453-5.
- Wilson S, Bremner AP, Mathews J, Pearson D. The use of oral sucrose for procedural pain relief in infants up to six months of age: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2013; 14(4): e95-5.
- Harrison DM. Oral sucrose for pain management in the paediatric emergency department; a review. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2008; 11(2):72-79.
- Stevens B, Yamada J, Ohlsson A, Haliburton S, Shorkey A. Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (7).
- Liaw JJ, Zeng WP, Yang L, Yuh YS, Yin T, Yang MH. Nonnutritive sucking and oral sucrose relieve neonatal pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis vaccine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011; 42(6): 918.
- Uzelli D, Güneş ÜY. Oral glucose solution to alleviate pain induced by intramuscular injections in preterm infants. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2015; 20(1): 29-5.
- Kassab M, Almomani B, Nuseir K. Efficacy of sucrose in reducing pain during ımmunization among 10-to 18-month-old ınfants and young children: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020; 50: e55-1.
- Toprak FÜ, Erenel AŞ. Sezaryen doğumlarda baba ile bebek arasında kanguru bakımı alternatif bir uygulama olabilir mi?. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2018;15(2).
- Günay U, Coşkun D. Kanguru bakımı uygulaması başlatılan bir yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yenidoğan ekibinin gözlem, görüş ve deneyimleri: Nitel bir araştırma. J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2019; 6: 85.
- Gao H, Xu G, Gao H, Dong R, Fu H, Wang D, et al. Effect of repeated Kangaroo Mother Care on repeated procedural pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(7): 1157-5.
- Yiğit D, Örsal Ö. Babaların uyguladığı kanguru bakımının etkileri: Sistematik derleme. STED. 2019; 28(6): 436-6.
- Campbell-Yeo ML, Disher TC, Benoit BL, Johnston CC. Understanding kangaroo care and its benefits to preterm infants. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2015; 6:15-2.
- Koç S, Kaya N. Doğumda kanguru bakımının sağlıklı yeni doğanların fizyolojik parametrelerine etkisi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 2017; 19(1):1-3.
- Pandita A, Panghal A, Gupta G, Verma A, Pillai A, Singh A, et al. Is kangaroo mother care effective in alleviating vaccination associated pain in early infantile period? A RCT. Early Hum Dev. 2018; 127: 69-3.
- Choudhary M, Dogiyal H, Sharma D, Datt Gupta B, Madabhavi I, Choudhary JS, et al. To study the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on pain response in preterm neonates and to determine the behavioral and physiological responses to painful stimuli in preterm neonates: a study from western Rajasthan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016; 29(5): 826-1.
- Abdallah B, Badr LK, Hawwari M. The efficacy of massage on short and long term outcomes in preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev. 2013; 36(4): 662-9.
- Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M. Massage therapy research. Developmental Review. 2007; 27(1): 75-9.
- Vicente S, Veríssimo M, Diniz E. Infant massage improves attitudes toward childbearing, maternal satisfaction and pleasure in parenting. Infant Behav Dev. 2017; 49: 114-9.
- Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016; 24: 19-1.
- Powell L, Cheshire A, Swaby L. Children’s experiences of their participation in a training and support programme involving massage. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010; 16(1): 47-1.
- Özkan TK, Küçükkelepçe DŞ, Özkan SA. The effects of acupressure and foot massage on pain during heel lancing in neonates: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2019; 46: 103-8.
- Chik YM, Ip WY, Choi KC. The effect of upper limb massage on infants’ venipuncture pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2017; 18(1): 50-7.
- WeeklyT, Riley B, Wichman C, Tibbits M, Weaver M. Impact of a massage therapy intervention for pediatric palliative care patients and their family caregivers. J Palliat Care. 2019; 34(3): 164-7.
- Çelebioğlu A, Gürol A, Yildirim ZK, Büyükavci M. Effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety arising from intrathecal therapy or bone marrow aspiration in children with cancer. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015; 21(6): 797-4.
- Koller D, Goldman RD. Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: A critical review of pediatric research. J Pediatr Nurs. 2012; 27(6): 652-1.
- Özveren H. Ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi HemşirelikFakültesi Dergisi.2011; 18(1): 83-2.
- La Vonne AD, Zun LS. The impact of watching cartoons for distraction during painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012; 28(10): 1033-5.
- Karakaya A, Gözen D. The effect of distraction on pain level felt by school-age children during venipuncture procedure—Randomized controlled trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2016; 17(1): 47-3.
- Gerçeker GÖ, Binay Ş, Bilsin E, Kahraman A, Yılmaz HB. Effects of virtual reality and external cold and vibration on pain in 7-to 12-year-old children during phlebotomy: A randomized controlled trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018; 33(6): 981-9.
- Tang L, Wang H, Liu Q, Wang F, Wang M, Sun J, Zhao L. Effect of music intervention on pain responses in premature infants undergoing placement procedures of peripherally inserted central venous catheter: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2018; 19: 105-9.
- Lerwick JL. Psychosocial implications of pediatric surgical hospitalization. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013; 22(3): 129-3.
- Kıran B, Çalık C, Esenay FI. Terapotik oyun: Hasta çocuk ile iletişimin anahtarı.Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013; 2(1): 1.
- Yayan EH, Zengin M, Düken ME, Dağ YS. Reducing children’s pain and parents’ anxiety in the postoperative period: A therapeutic model in Turkish sample. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020; 51: e33-8.
- Gürbüz P, Yetiş G, Yakupoğulları A, Türkmen M. Evde bakım ve terapötik oyun. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 2015; 3(1): 14-8.
- Yayan EH, Zengin M. Çocuk kliniklerinde terapötik oyun. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018; 7(1): 226-3.
- He HG, Zhu L, Chan SWC, Liam JLW, Li HCW, Ko SS, et al. Therapeutic play intervention on children’s perioperative anxiety, negative emotional manifestation and postoperative pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs. 2015; 71(5): 1032-3.
- Stewart MW. Therapeutic play intervention. J Perianesth Nurs. 2016; 31(5): 452-6.
- Sajjadian N, Mohammadzadeh M, Taheri PA, Shariat M. Positive effects of low intensity recorded maternal voice on physiologic reactions in premature infants. Infant Behav Dev. 2017; 46: 59-6.
- Rand K, Lahav A. Maternal sounds elicit lower heart rate in preterm newborns in the first month of life. Early Hum Dev. 2014; 90(10): 679-3.
- Chirico G, Cabano R, Villa G, Bigogno A, Ardesi M, Dioni E. Randomised study showed that recorded maternal voices reduced pain in preterm infants undergoing heel lance procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr. 2017; 106(10): 1564-8.
- Azarmnejad E, Sarhangi F, Javadi M, Rejeh N. The effect of mother’s voice on arterial blood sampling induced pain in neonates hospitalized in neonate intensive care unit. Glob J Health Sci. 2015; 7(6):198-4.
- Erdoğan Ç, Turan T, Pınar B. The effect of maternal voice for procedural pain in paediatric intensive care unit: A randomised controlled trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2020; 56: 102767.
- Huff L, Hamlin A, Wolski D, McClure T, Eliades AB, Weaver L, et al. Atraumatic care: EMLA cream and application of heat to facilitate peripheral venous cannulation in children. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2009; 32(2): 65-6.
- Abuelkheir M, Alsourani D, Al-Eyadhy A, Temsah MH, Meo SA, Alzamil F. EMLA® cream: A pain-relieving strategy for childhood vaccination. J Int Med Res. 2014; 42(2): 329-6.
- Shahid S, Florez ID, Mbuagbaw L. Efficacy and safety of emla cream for pain control due to venipuncture in infants: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2019; 143(1): e20181173.
Pediatri Hemşireliğinde Önemli Bir Girişim: Atravmatik Bakım ve Yaklaşımları
Year 2021,
Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 131 - 135, 31.05.2021
Pınar Doğan
,
Nurdan Akcay
,
Hatice Bal Yılmaz
Abstract
Atravmatik bakım yaklaşımı pediatri hemşireliğinin önemli bir yönünü oluşturmaktadır. Pediatride hastanede uygulanan birçok girişim travmatik olabilmekte, bu girişimler ebeveynlerin ve çocukların stres ve anksiyetelerini artırabilmektedir. Atravmatik bakım yaklaşımları kapsamında farmakolojik olmayan ve farmakolojik bakım yaklaşımları kullanılmaktadır. Pediatri hemşirelerinin atravmatik bakım yaklaşımlarını kullanmasıağrılı işlemler sırasında ağrının azaltılması veya önlenmesine, ailenin çocuğun bakımına aktif katılımının sağlanmasına, çocuk ve ailesinin gereksinim duyduğu duygusal desteğin sağlanmasına, ailenin ve çocuğun kontrol duygusunun geliştirilmesi, stres ile baş etme tekniklerinin öğretilmesine de yardımcı olmaktadır. Pediatri hemşirelerinin çocuğun yaşı ve gelişim dönemlerine uygun, doğru ve güvenilir atravmatik bakım yaklaşımlarını kullanmalıdır. Atravmatik bakım yaklaşımlarının kullanılması ile hastalık ve hastaneye yatmanın çocuk ve aile üzerinde oluşturduğu stres ve olumsuz duyguların azaltılması ve çocuğun ağrısının önlenmesi ve/veya azaltılması sağlanabilmektedir. Pediatri hemşireleri açısından atravmatik bakım ilkeleri ve atravmatik bakım yaklaşımları hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olunması, optimum bakım verilmesi ve çocukların sağlıklı bir şekilde büyüme ve gelişimlerini sürdürmesinin sağlanmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı atravmatik bakım ve atravmatik bakım yaklaşımlarının pediatri hemşireliğindeki önemini ele almaktır.
References
- Furdon SA, Pfeil VC, Snow K. Operationalizing Donna Wong’s principle of atraumatic care: Pain management protocol in the NICU. Pediatric Nursing. 1998; 24(4): 336.
- Ocakcı A, Yiğen E. Çocuk sağlıgı ve hastalıklarında atravmatık hemşirelik bakımı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2004; 20(1): 117-6.
- Oran G, Arslan S. Pediatride atravmatik bakım uygulamaları. Evereklioğlu C, Goncagül G, Dikmetaş C. (Ed.). İçinde: Sağlık bilimleri alanında araştırma ve değerlendirmeler. 2019; (2): s. 21-8. Erişim adresi: https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/saglik_cilt_2.pdf#page=21
- Çalışır H, Karataş P. Pediatri hemşireliğinde atravmatik bakım yaklaşımı: Ağrı, stres ve anksiyeteyi azaltmada farmakolojik olmayan uygulamalar. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2019; 16 (3): 234-5.
- Aksoy EY, Genç ER. Yenidoğanda atravmatik bakım. Turkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 4(3): 375-0.
- Mediani HS, Hendrawati S, Shidqi N. The knowledge and attitude of nurses in the ımplementation of atraumatic care in hospitalized children in Indonesia. Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2019; 8(1): 51-6.
- Pazarcıklı F, Efe E. Çocukluk dönemi aşı uygulamalarında atravmatik bakım yöntemleri. JACSD. 2017; 62-7.
- Teksöz E, Ocakçı AF. Çocuk Hemşireliği’nde sanat uygulamaları. DEUHYO ED. 2014; 7(2): 119- 3.
- Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS. Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012; (12).
- Harrison D, Reszel J, Bueno M, Sampson M, Shah VS, Taddio A, et al. Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (10).
- Schollin J. Analgesic effect of expressed breast milk in procedural pain in neonates. Acta Paediatrica. 2004; 93(4): 453-5.
- Wilson S, Bremner AP, Mathews J, Pearson D. The use of oral sucrose for procedural pain relief in infants up to six months of age: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2013; 14(4): e95-5.
- Harrison DM. Oral sucrose for pain management in the paediatric emergency department; a review. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2008; 11(2):72-79.
- Stevens B, Yamada J, Ohlsson A, Haliburton S, Shorkey A. Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (7).
- Liaw JJ, Zeng WP, Yang L, Yuh YS, Yin T, Yang MH. Nonnutritive sucking and oral sucrose relieve neonatal pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis vaccine. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011; 42(6): 918.
- Uzelli D, Güneş ÜY. Oral glucose solution to alleviate pain induced by intramuscular injections in preterm infants. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2015; 20(1): 29-5.
- Kassab M, Almomani B, Nuseir K. Efficacy of sucrose in reducing pain during ımmunization among 10-to 18-month-old ınfants and young children: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020; 50: e55-1.
- Toprak FÜ, Erenel AŞ. Sezaryen doğumlarda baba ile bebek arasında kanguru bakımı alternatif bir uygulama olabilir mi?. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2018;15(2).
- Günay U, Coşkun D. Kanguru bakımı uygulaması başlatılan bir yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde yenidoğan ekibinin gözlem, görüş ve deneyimleri: Nitel bir araştırma. J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2019; 6: 85.
- Gao H, Xu G, Gao H, Dong R, Fu H, Wang D, et al. Effect of repeated Kangaroo Mother Care on repeated procedural pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(7): 1157-5.
- Yiğit D, Örsal Ö. Babaların uyguladığı kanguru bakımının etkileri: Sistematik derleme. STED. 2019; 28(6): 436-6.
- Campbell-Yeo ML, Disher TC, Benoit BL, Johnston CC. Understanding kangaroo care and its benefits to preterm infants. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2015; 6:15-2.
- Koç S, Kaya N. Doğumda kanguru bakımının sağlıklı yeni doğanların fizyolojik parametrelerine etkisi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 2017; 19(1):1-3.
- Pandita A, Panghal A, Gupta G, Verma A, Pillai A, Singh A, et al. Is kangaroo mother care effective in alleviating vaccination associated pain in early infantile period? A RCT. Early Hum Dev. 2018; 127: 69-3.
- Choudhary M, Dogiyal H, Sharma D, Datt Gupta B, Madabhavi I, Choudhary JS, et al. To study the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on pain response in preterm neonates and to determine the behavioral and physiological responses to painful stimuli in preterm neonates: a study from western Rajasthan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016; 29(5): 826-1.
- Abdallah B, Badr LK, Hawwari M. The efficacy of massage on short and long term outcomes in preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev. 2013; 36(4): 662-9.
- Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M. Massage therapy research. Developmental Review. 2007; 27(1): 75-9.
- Vicente S, Veríssimo M, Diniz E. Infant massage improves attitudes toward childbearing, maternal satisfaction and pleasure in parenting. Infant Behav Dev. 2017; 49: 114-9.
- Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016; 24: 19-1.
- Powell L, Cheshire A, Swaby L. Children’s experiences of their participation in a training and support programme involving massage. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010; 16(1): 47-1.
- Özkan TK, Küçükkelepçe DŞ, Özkan SA. The effects of acupressure and foot massage on pain during heel lancing in neonates: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2019; 46: 103-8.
- Chik YM, Ip WY, Choi KC. The effect of upper limb massage on infants’ venipuncture pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2017; 18(1): 50-7.
- WeeklyT, Riley B, Wichman C, Tibbits M, Weaver M. Impact of a massage therapy intervention for pediatric palliative care patients and their family caregivers. J Palliat Care. 2019; 34(3): 164-7.
- Çelebioğlu A, Gürol A, Yildirim ZK, Büyükavci M. Effects of massage therapy on pain and anxiety arising from intrathecal therapy or bone marrow aspiration in children with cancer. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015; 21(6): 797-4.
- Koller D, Goldman RD. Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: A critical review of pediatric research. J Pediatr Nurs. 2012; 27(6): 652-1.
- Özveren H. Ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi HemşirelikFakültesi Dergisi.2011; 18(1): 83-2.
- La Vonne AD, Zun LS. The impact of watching cartoons for distraction during painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012; 28(10): 1033-5.
- Karakaya A, Gözen D. The effect of distraction on pain level felt by school-age children during venipuncture procedure—Randomized controlled trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2016; 17(1): 47-3.
- Gerçeker GÖ, Binay Ş, Bilsin E, Kahraman A, Yılmaz HB. Effects of virtual reality and external cold and vibration on pain in 7-to 12-year-old children during phlebotomy: A randomized controlled trial. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018; 33(6): 981-9.
- Tang L, Wang H, Liu Q, Wang F, Wang M, Sun J, Zhao L. Effect of music intervention on pain responses in premature infants undergoing placement procedures of peripherally inserted central venous catheter: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2018; 19: 105-9.
- Lerwick JL. Psychosocial implications of pediatric surgical hospitalization. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2013; 22(3): 129-3.
- Kıran B, Çalık C, Esenay FI. Terapotik oyun: Hasta çocuk ile iletişimin anahtarı.Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013; 2(1): 1.
- Yayan EH, Zengin M, Düken ME, Dağ YS. Reducing children’s pain and parents’ anxiety in the postoperative period: A therapeutic model in Turkish sample. J Pediatr Nurs. 2020; 51: e33-8.
- Gürbüz P, Yetiş G, Yakupoğulları A, Türkmen M. Evde bakım ve terapötik oyun. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi. 2015; 3(1): 14-8.
- Yayan EH, Zengin M. Çocuk kliniklerinde terapötik oyun. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018; 7(1): 226-3.
- He HG, Zhu L, Chan SWC, Liam JLW, Li HCW, Ko SS, et al. Therapeutic play intervention on children’s perioperative anxiety, negative emotional manifestation and postoperative pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs. 2015; 71(5): 1032-3.
- Stewart MW. Therapeutic play intervention. J Perianesth Nurs. 2016; 31(5): 452-6.
- Sajjadian N, Mohammadzadeh M, Taheri PA, Shariat M. Positive effects of low intensity recorded maternal voice on physiologic reactions in premature infants. Infant Behav Dev. 2017; 46: 59-6.
- Rand K, Lahav A. Maternal sounds elicit lower heart rate in preterm newborns in the first month of life. Early Hum Dev. 2014; 90(10): 679-3.
- Chirico G, Cabano R, Villa G, Bigogno A, Ardesi M, Dioni E. Randomised study showed that recorded maternal voices reduced pain in preterm infants undergoing heel lance procedures in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr. 2017; 106(10): 1564-8.
- Azarmnejad E, Sarhangi F, Javadi M, Rejeh N. The effect of mother’s voice on arterial blood sampling induced pain in neonates hospitalized in neonate intensive care unit. Glob J Health Sci. 2015; 7(6):198-4.
- Erdoğan Ç, Turan T, Pınar B. The effect of maternal voice for procedural pain in paediatric intensive care unit: A randomised controlled trial. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2020; 56: 102767.
- Huff L, Hamlin A, Wolski D, McClure T, Eliades AB, Weaver L, et al. Atraumatic care: EMLA cream and application of heat to facilitate peripheral venous cannulation in children. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2009; 32(2): 65-6.
- Abuelkheir M, Alsourani D, Al-Eyadhy A, Temsah MH, Meo SA, Alzamil F. EMLA® cream: A pain-relieving strategy for childhood vaccination. J Int Med Res. 2014; 42(2): 329-6.
- Shahid S, Florez ID, Mbuagbaw L. Efficacy and safety of emla cream for pain control due to venipuncture in infants: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2019; 143(1): e20181173.