Motor İmgeleme Değerlendirme Yöntemleri: Derleme
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 1059 - 1064, 08.10.2023
Melike Gizem Kalaycı
,
Neslişah Gün
,
Yıldız Analay Akbaba
Abstract
Motor imgeleme, herhangi bir hareket ortaya çıkarmadan hareketlerin zihinsel provasıdır. Zihinsel planlama ve hazırlama gerektirdiği için incelenmesi, anlaması ve açıklaması zor olan karmaşık bir olgudur. Hareketlerin zihinsel olarak ne kadar temsil edildiğini ölçmek özellikle zordur. Bununla birlikte herkesin imgelemesinde aynı canlılık ve yoğunluk seviyesini deneyimlemediği göz önüne alındığında, hareketlerin zihinsel olarak temsil edilme derecesinin nicelendirilmesi özellikle zorlu bir durumdur. Bu alandaki çalışma prosedürleri, insanların imgeleme biçimlerinde farklılıklar olması nedeniyle karmaşıktır. Fizyoterapide motor imgeleme içeren egzersizler başarılı bulunmasına rağmen, uygulamanın etkililiği ile imgeleme yeteneği arasında önemli bir bağlantı bulunmaktadır. Bu incelemenin amacı, bir hastanın motor imgeleme kullanma kapasitesini değerlendirmek için fizyoterapi kliniklerinde kullanılan testler hakkında bilgi sağlamaktır.
References
- Sharma N, Pomeroy VM, Baron JC. Motor imagery: a backdoor to the motor system after stroke? Stroke. 2006 Jul;37(7):1941-52.
- Avanzini P, Fabbri-Destro M, Dalla Volta R, Daprati E, Rizzolatti G, Cantalupo G. The dynamics of sensorimotor cortical oscillations during the observation of hand movements: an EEG study. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37534.
- Richardson A. Mental imagery. 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin; 2013. 10-12p.
- Mahoney MJ, Avener M. Psychology of the elite athlete: An exploratory study. Cogn Ther Res. 1997;1, 135–141.
- Lotze M, Moseley GL. Theoretical Considerations for Chronic Pain Rehabilitation. Phys Ther. 2015 Sep;95(9):1316-20.
- Lotze M, Cohen LG. Volition and imagery in neurorehabilitation. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2006 Sep;19(3):135-40.
- Bisio A, Bassolino M, Pozzo T, Wenderoth N. Boosting Action Observation and Motor Imagery to Promote Plasticity and Learning. Neural Plast. 2018 Nov 7;2018:8625861.
- Wright DJ, Wood G, Eaves DL, Bruton AM, Frank C, Franklin ZC. Corticospinal excitability is facilitated by combined action observation and motor imagery of a basketball free throw. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2018 Nov 1;39:114–21.
- Gerardin E, Sirigu A, Lehéricy S, Poline JB, Gaymard B, Marsault C, et al. Partially overlapping neural networks for real and imagined hand movements. Cereb Cortex. 2000 Nov;10(11):1093-104.
- Taube W, Mouthon M, Leukel C, Hoogewoud HM, Annoni JM, Keller M. Brain activity during observation and motor imagery of different balance tasks: an fMRI study. Cortex. 2015 Mar;64:102-14.
- Wright DJ, Williams J, Holmes PS. Combined action observation and imagery facilitates corticospinal excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; Nov 27;8.
- Lee WH, Kim E, Gil Seo H, Oh BM, Nam HS, Kim YJ, et al. Target-oriented motor imagery for grasping action: different characteristics of brain activation between kinesthetic and visual imagery. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 12770.
- Linden CA. Mental Practice: Its Effects on Walking Balance in an Elderly [dissertation on the internet]. Western Michigan University; 1987. [cited 2022 Oct 10]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wmich. edu/masters_theses/1256.
- Paolucci T, Cardarola A, Colonnelli P, Ferracuti G, Gonnella R, Murgia M, et al. Give me a kiss! An integrative rehabilitative training program with motor imagery and mirror therapy for recovery of facial palsy. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Feb;56(1):58-67.
- García Carrasco D, Aboitiz Cantalapiedra J. Effectiveness of motor imagery or mental practice in functional recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Neurologia. 2016 Jan-Feb;31(1):43-52.
- Sarasso E, Agosta F, Piramide N, Gardoni A, Canu E, Leocadi M, et al. Action Observation and Motor Imagery Improve Dual Task in Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical/fMRI Study. Mov Disord. 2021 Nov;36(11):2569-2582.
- Gil-Bermejo-Bernardez-Zerpa A, Moral-Munoz JA, Lucena-Anton D, Luque-Moreno C. Effectiveness of Motor Imagery on Motor Recovery in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 9;18(2):498.
- Limakatso K, Madden VJ, Manie S, Parker R. The effectiveness of graded motor imagery for reducing phantom limb pain in amputees: a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2020 Dec;109:65-74.
- Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2004 Mar;108(1-2):192-8.
- Briones-Cantero M, Fernandez-De-las-Peñas C, Lluch-Girbes E, Osuna-Perez MC, Navarro-Santana MJ, Plaza-Manzano G, et al. Effects of adding motor imagery to early physical therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis who had received total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. Pain Medicine (United States). 2020;21(12):3548–55.
- Hoyek N, Di Rienzo F, Collet C, Hoyek F, Guillot A. The therapeutic role of motor imagery on the functional rehabilitation of a stage II shoulder impingement syndrome. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(13):1113- 9.
- Ridderinkhof KR, Brass M. How Kinesthetic Motor Imagery works: a predictive-processing theory of visualization in sports and motor expertise. J Physiol Paris. 2015 Feb-Jun;109(1-3):53-63.
- Cumming J, Eaves DL. The nature, measurement, and development of imagery ability. Imagin Cogn Pers. 2018 Jun;37(4):375–93.
- Chepurova A, Hramov A, Kurkin S. Motor Imagery: How to Assess, Improve Its Performance, and Apply It for Psychosis Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Apr 11;12(4):949.
- Collet C, Guillot A, Lebon F, MacIntyre T, Moran A. Measuring motor imagery using psychometric, behavioral, and psychophysiological tools. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2011 Apr;39(2):85-92.
- Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J. Reliability of mental chronometry for assessing motor imagery ability after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Feb;89(2):311-9.
- Hall CR, Pongrac J. Movement Imagery Questionnaire 1983.
- Hall CR, Martin KA. Measuring movement imagery abilities: a revision of the movement imagery questionnaire. J Ment Imagery. 1997;21:143-154.
- Williams SE, Cumming J, Ntoumanis N, Nordin-Bates SM, Ramsey R, Hall C. Further validation and development of the movement imagery questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012 Oct;34(5):621-46.
- Callow N, Hardy L, Hall C. The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery intervention on the sport confidence of high-level badminton players. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2001 Dec;72(4):389-400.
- Gregg M, Hall C, Butler A. The MIQ-RS: A Suitable Option for Examining Movement Imagery Ability. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010 Jun;7(2):249-57.
- Butler AJ, Cazeaux J, Fidler A, Jansen J, Lefkove N, Gregg M, et al. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, Second Edition (MIQ-RS) Is a Reliable and Valid Tool for Evaluating Motor Imagery in Stroke Populations. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:497289.
- Isaac A, Marks DF, Russell DG. An instrument for assessing imagery of movement: The Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ). J Ment Imagery. 1986;10:23-30.
- Malouin F, Richards CL, Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Durand A, Doyon J. The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) for assessing motor imagery in persons with physical disabilities: a reliability and construct validity study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;31(1):20-9.
- Ziv G, Lidor R, Arnon M, Zeev A. The Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ-2) - Translation and Reliability of a Hebrew Version. Isr J Psychiatry. 2017;54(2):48-52.
- Randhawa B, Harris S, Boyd LA. The kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire is a reliable tool for individuals with Parkinson Disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010;34(3):161–7.
- Hegarty M. Ability and sex differences in spatial thinking: What does the mental rotation test really measure? Psychon Bull Rev. 2018; Jun 1;25(3):1212–9.
- Shepard S, Metzler D. Mental rotation: effects of dimensionality of objects and type of task. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1988 Feb;14(1):3-11.
- Sharma N, Jones PS, Carpenter TA, Baron JC. Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery. Neuroimage. 2008 May 15;41(1):92–9.
- Sharma N, Baron JC, Rowe JB. Motor imagery after stroke: Relating outcome to motor network connectivity. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(5):604– 16.
- Parsons LM. Imagined spatial transformations of one’s hands and feet. Cogn Psychol. 1987 Apr;19(2):178-241.
- Botnmark I, Tumilty S, Mani R. Tactile acuity, body schema integrity and physical performance of the shoulder: A cross-sectional study. Man Ther. 2016 Jun 1;23:9–16.
- Breckenridge JD, McAuley JH, Butler DS, Stewart H, Moseley GL, Ginn KA. The development of a shoulder specific left/right judgement task: Validity & reliability. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017 Apr;28:39-45.
- Wallwork SB, Butler DS, Fulton I, Stewart H, Darmawan I, Moseley GL. Left/right neck rotation judgments are affected by age, gender, handedness and image rotation. Man Ther 2013 Jun;18(3):225–30.
- Williams LJ, Braithwaite FA, Leake HB, McDonnell MN, Peto DK, Lorimer Moseley G, et al. Reliability and validity of a mobile tablet for assessing left/right judgements. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019 Apr;40:45-52.
- Malouin F, Richards CL. Mental practice for relearning locomotor skills. Phys Ther. 2010 Feb;90(2):240-51.
- Liepert J, Büsching I, Sehle A, Schoenfeld MA. Mental chronometry and mental rotation abilities in stroke patients with different degrees of sensory deficit. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2016;34(6):907–14.
- Williams SE, Guillot A, di Rienzo F, Cumming J. Comparing self-report and mental chronometry measures of motor imagery ability. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015 Nov 17;15(8):703–11.
- Liepert J, Greiner J, Nedelko V, Dettmers C. Reduced upper limb sensation impairs mental chronometry for motor imagery after stroke: Clinical and electrophysiological findings. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012 Jun; 26(5):470–8.
- Guillot A, Collet C. Construction of the motor imagery integrative model in sport: a review and theoretical investigation of motor imagery use. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008 Mar; 1(1):31–44.
- Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Battistin L, Pagnoni G, Fuxe K. The neurobiology of imagination: possible role of interaction-dominant dynamics and default mode network. Front Psychol. 2013 May 24;4:296.
- Seebacher B, Reindl M, Kahraman T. Factors and strategies affecting motor imagery ability in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2023 Mar;118:64-78.
- McAvinue LP, Robertson IH. Measuring visual imagery ability: a review. Imagin Cogn Pers. 2007;26(3):191–211.
- Suica Z, Behrendt F, Gäumann S, Gerth U, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Ettlin T, et al. Imagery ability assessments: a cross-disciplinary systematic review and quality evaluation of psychometric properties. BMC Med. 2022 May 2;20(1):166.
- Guillot A, Collet C. Duration of mentally simulated movement: a review. J Mot Behav. 2005 Jan;37(1):10-20.
Motor Imagery Assesment Methods: A Narrative Review
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 1059 - 1064, 08.10.2023
Melike Gizem Kalaycı
,
Neslişah Gün
,
Yıldız Analay Akbaba
Abstract
Motor imagery is the mental rehearsal of movements without revealing any movement. It is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to study, understand and explain since it requires mental planning and preparing. It is particularly challenging to evaluate to what extent movements are mentally represented. However, not everyone experiences the same level of vividness and intensity in their vision. The study procedure in this area is complicated by the fact that there are variations in people's imagery styles. Although exercises that involve motor imagery have been found to be successful in physiotherapy, there is a crucial link between imagery skill and the effectiveness of the practice. This review's objective is to provide information on the tests used in physiotherapy clinics to assess a patient's capacity to use motor imagery.
References
- Sharma N, Pomeroy VM, Baron JC. Motor imagery: a backdoor to the motor system after stroke? Stroke. 2006 Jul;37(7):1941-52.
- Avanzini P, Fabbri-Destro M, Dalla Volta R, Daprati E, Rizzolatti G, Cantalupo G. The dynamics of sensorimotor cortical oscillations during the observation of hand movements: an EEG study. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37534.
- Richardson A. Mental imagery. 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin; 2013. 10-12p.
- Mahoney MJ, Avener M. Psychology of the elite athlete: An exploratory study. Cogn Ther Res. 1997;1, 135–141.
- Lotze M, Moseley GL. Theoretical Considerations for Chronic Pain Rehabilitation. Phys Ther. 2015 Sep;95(9):1316-20.
- Lotze M, Cohen LG. Volition and imagery in neurorehabilitation. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2006 Sep;19(3):135-40.
- Bisio A, Bassolino M, Pozzo T, Wenderoth N. Boosting Action Observation and Motor Imagery to Promote Plasticity and Learning. Neural Plast. 2018 Nov 7;2018:8625861.
- Wright DJ, Wood G, Eaves DL, Bruton AM, Frank C, Franklin ZC. Corticospinal excitability is facilitated by combined action observation and motor imagery of a basketball free throw. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2018 Nov 1;39:114–21.
- Gerardin E, Sirigu A, Lehéricy S, Poline JB, Gaymard B, Marsault C, et al. Partially overlapping neural networks for real and imagined hand movements. Cereb Cortex. 2000 Nov;10(11):1093-104.
- Taube W, Mouthon M, Leukel C, Hoogewoud HM, Annoni JM, Keller M. Brain activity during observation and motor imagery of different balance tasks: an fMRI study. Cortex. 2015 Mar;64:102-14.
- Wright DJ, Williams J, Holmes PS. Combined action observation and imagery facilitates corticospinal excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; Nov 27;8.
- Lee WH, Kim E, Gil Seo H, Oh BM, Nam HS, Kim YJ, et al. Target-oriented motor imagery for grasping action: different characteristics of brain activation between kinesthetic and visual imagery. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 12770.
- Linden CA. Mental Practice: Its Effects on Walking Balance in an Elderly [dissertation on the internet]. Western Michigan University; 1987. [cited 2022 Oct 10]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wmich. edu/masters_theses/1256.
- Paolucci T, Cardarola A, Colonnelli P, Ferracuti G, Gonnella R, Murgia M, et al. Give me a kiss! An integrative rehabilitative training program with motor imagery and mirror therapy for recovery of facial palsy. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Feb;56(1):58-67.
- García Carrasco D, Aboitiz Cantalapiedra J. Effectiveness of motor imagery or mental practice in functional recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Neurologia. 2016 Jan-Feb;31(1):43-52.
- Sarasso E, Agosta F, Piramide N, Gardoni A, Canu E, Leocadi M, et al. Action Observation and Motor Imagery Improve Dual Task in Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical/fMRI Study. Mov Disord. 2021 Nov;36(11):2569-2582.
- Gil-Bermejo-Bernardez-Zerpa A, Moral-Munoz JA, Lucena-Anton D, Luque-Moreno C. Effectiveness of Motor Imagery on Motor Recovery in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 9;18(2):498.
- Limakatso K, Madden VJ, Manie S, Parker R. The effectiveness of graded motor imagery for reducing phantom limb pain in amputees: a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2020 Dec;109:65-74.
- Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2004 Mar;108(1-2):192-8.
- Briones-Cantero M, Fernandez-De-las-Peñas C, Lluch-Girbes E, Osuna-Perez MC, Navarro-Santana MJ, Plaza-Manzano G, et al. Effects of adding motor imagery to early physical therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis who had received total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial. Pain Medicine (United States). 2020;21(12):3548–55.
- Hoyek N, Di Rienzo F, Collet C, Hoyek F, Guillot A. The therapeutic role of motor imagery on the functional rehabilitation of a stage II shoulder impingement syndrome. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(13):1113- 9.
- Ridderinkhof KR, Brass M. How Kinesthetic Motor Imagery works: a predictive-processing theory of visualization in sports and motor expertise. J Physiol Paris. 2015 Feb-Jun;109(1-3):53-63.
- Cumming J, Eaves DL. The nature, measurement, and development of imagery ability. Imagin Cogn Pers. 2018 Jun;37(4):375–93.
- Chepurova A, Hramov A, Kurkin S. Motor Imagery: How to Assess, Improve Its Performance, and Apply It for Psychosis Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Apr 11;12(4):949.
- Collet C, Guillot A, Lebon F, MacIntyre T, Moran A. Measuring motor imagery using psychometric, behavioral, and psychophysiological tools. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2011 Apr;39(2):85-92.
- Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J. Reliability of mental chronometry for assessing motor imagery ability after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Feb;89(2):311-9.
- Hall CR, Pongrac J. Movement Imagery Questionnaire 1983.
- Hall CR, Martin KA. Measuring movement imagery abilities: a revision of the movement imagery questionnaire. J Ment Imagery. 1997;21:143-154.
- Williams SE, Cumming J, Ntoumanis N, Nordin-Bates SM, Ramsey R, Hall C. Further validation and development of the movement imagery questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012 Oct;34(5):621-46.
- Callow N, Hardy L, Hall C. The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery intervention on the sport confidence of high-level badminton players. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2001 Dec;72(4):389-400.
- Gregg M, Hall C, Butler A. The MIQ-RS: A Suitable Option for Examining Movement Imagery Ability. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010 Jun;7(2):249-57.
- Butler AJ, Cazeaux J, Fidler A, Jansen J, Lefkove N, Gregg M, et al. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, Second Edition (MIQ-RS) Is a Reliable and Valid Tool for Evaluating Motor Imagery in Stroke Populations. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:497289.
- Isaac A, Marks DF, Russell DG. An instrument for assessing imagery of movement: The Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ). J Ment Imagery. 1986;10:23-30.
- Malouin F, Richards CL, Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Durand A, Doyon J. The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) for assessing motor imagery in persons with physical disabilities: a reliability and construct validity study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;31(1):20-9.
- Ziv G, Lidor R, Arnon M, Zeev A. The Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ-2) - Translation and Reliability of a Hebrew Version. Isr J Psychiatry. 2017;54(2):48-52.
- Randhawa B, Harris S, Boyd LA. The kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire is a reliable tool for individuals with Parkinson Disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010;34(3):161–7.
- Hegarty M. Ability and sex differences in spatial thinking: What does the mental rotation test really measure? Psychon Bull Rev. 2018; Jun 1;25(3):1212–9.
- Shepard S, Metzler D. Mental rotation: effects of dimensionality of objects and type of task. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1988 Feb;14(1):3-11.
- Sharma N, Jones PS, Carpenter TA, Baron JC. Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery. Neuroimage. 2008 May 15;41(1):92–9.
- Sharma N, Baron JC, Rowe JB. Motor imagery after stroke: Relating outcome to motor network connectivity. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(5):604– 16.
- Parsons LM. Imagined spatial transformations of one’s hands and feet. Cogn Psychol. 1987 Apr;19(2):178-241.
- Botnmark I, Tumilty S, Mani R. Tactile acuity, body schema integrity and physical performance of the shoulder: A cross-sectional study. Man Ther. 2016 Jun 1;23:9–16.
- Breckenridge JD, McAuley JH, Butler DS, Stewart H, Moseley GL, Ginn KA. The development of a shoulder specific left/right judgement task: Validity & reliability. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017 Apr;28:39-45.
- Wallwork SB, Butler DS, Fulton I, Stewart H, Darmawan I, Moseley GL. Left/right neck rotation judgments are affected by age, gender, handedness and image rotation. Man Ther 2013 Jun;18(3):225–30.
- Williams LJ, Braithwaite FA, Leake HB, McDonnell MN, Peto DK, Lorimer Moseley G, et al. Reliability and validity of a mobile tablet for assessing left/right judgements. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2019 Apr;40:45-52.
- Malouin F, Richards CL. Mental practice for relearning locomotor skills. Phys Ther. 2010 Feb;90(2):240-51.
- Liepert J, Büsching I, Sehle A, Schoenfeld MA. Mental chronometry and mental rotation abilities in stroke patients with different degrees of sensory deficit. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2016;34(6):907–14.
- Williams SE, Guillot A, di Rienzo F, Cumming J. Comparing self-report and mental chronometry measures of motor imagery ability. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015 Nov 17;15(8):703–11.
- Liepert J, Greiner J, Nedelko V, Dettmers C. Reduced upper limb sensation impairs mental chronometry for motor imagery after stroke: Clinical and electrophysiological findings. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012 Jun; 26(5):470–8.
- Guillot A, Collet C. Construction of the motor imagery integrative model in sport: a review and theoretical investigation of motor imagery use. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008 Mar; 1(1):31–44.
- Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Battistin L, Pagnoni G, Fuxe K. The neurobiology of imagination: possible role of interaction-dominant dynamics and default mode network. Front Psychol. 2013 May 24;4:296.
- Seebacher B, Reindl M, Kahraman T. Factors and strategies affecting motor imagery ability in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2023 Mar;118:64-78.
- McAvinue LP, Robertson IH. Measuring visual imagery ability: a review. Imagin Cogn Pers. 2007;26(3):191–211.
- Suica Z, Behrendt F, Gäumann S, Gerth U, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Ettlin T, et al. Imagery ability assessments: a cross-disciplinary systematic review and quality evaluation of psychometric properties. BMC Med. 2022 May 2;20(1):166.
- Guillot A, Collet C. Duration of mentally simulated movement: a review. J Mot Behav. 2005 Jan;37(1):10-20.