An Empirical Study to Understand the Relationships Among Employees' Perceptions of CSR, Job Crafting, and Job Performance

Year 2023, , 69 - 86, 27.02.2023

Cenk Tufan

https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1208000

Cited By: 3

Abstract

This study aims to examine the sequential relationships among employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions, job crafting and job performance at the individual level. Therefore, in the current study, it is argued that positive perceptions of employees about CSR activities of their businesses will lead to positive employee attitudes and behaviors such as job crafting and an increase in individual job performance. For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted to the white-collar employees of the operating company of Istanbul Airport (IGA). An online survey link was sent to the human resources department of the enterprise to collect the research data and 281 usable responses were obtained. The research hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM) using the AMOS program. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that employees' perceptions of CSR have a positive effect on job crafting; It was concluded that job crafting has a positive effect on individual job performance. In addition, it has been found that employees' perceptions of CSR have a positive effect on individual job performance. This study contributes to the literature by finding that CSR perception and job crafting are antecedents of job performance.

Keywords

job crafting, Employees’ CSR perceptions, Job Performance

Çalışanların KSS Algıları, İş Becerikliliği ve İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişkileri Anlamaya Yönelik Ampirik Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Bu çalışma, çalışanların kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk (KSS) algıları ile iş becerikliliği ve bireysel düzeydeki iş performansı arasındaki sıralı ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, mevcut çalışmada, çalışanların işletmelerinin KSS faaliyetleri hakkındaki olumlu algılamalarının, iş becerikliliği gibi olumlu çalışan tutum ve davranışlarına ve bireysel iş performansında bir artışa neden olacağı ileri sürülmektedir. Bu amaçla, İstanbul Havalimanı işletici kuruluşu İGA’nın beyaz yakalı çalışanlarına anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak için işletmenin insan kaynakları departmanına online anket linki gönderilmiştir. Gönderilen anketlerden 281 adet kullanılabilir cevap elde edilmiştir. Araştırma hipotezleri AMOS programı kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) ile test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, çalışanların KSS algılarının iş becerikliliği üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu; iş becerikliliğinin ise bireysel iş performansı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışanların KSS algılarının bireysel iş performansı üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, KSS algısı ve iş becerikliliğinin iş performansının öncülleri olduğu sonucunu bularak literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

iş becerikliliği, Çalışanların Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Algıları, iş performansı, Employees’ CSR perceptions

References

• Aguinis, H., ve Glavas, A. (2019). On corporate social responsibility, sensemaking, and the search for meaningfulness through work. Journal of Management, 45(3), 1057–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317691575
• Al-Ghazali, B. M. ve Sohail, M. S. (2021). The Impact of Employees’ Perceptions of CSR on Career Satisfaction: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 13(9), 5235. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095235
• Andersen, B. (2004). Bringing business ethics to life: achieving corporate social responsibility, Quality Press, USA
• Asante Boadi, E., He, Z., Bosompem, J., Opata, C. N., ve Boadi, E. K. (2020). Employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its effects on internal outcomes. The Service Industries Journal, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1606906
• Bagozzi, R.P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–97.
• Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., ve Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(10), 1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471
• Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: Wiley
• Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo, S. J. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt, & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organizations (pp. 71–98). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass
• Buluç, B. ve Ersoy Kart, M. (2020). Araştırma görevlilerinde iş becerikliliği ve işle bütünleşme arasındaki ilişki, Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 591-619.
• Campbell, J.P., Mccloy, R.A., Oppler, S.H., ve Sager, C.E. (1993). A Theory of Performance. In Personnel Selection in Organizations; Wiley: New York, NY, USA,
• Carmeli, A., Gilat, G. ve Waldman, D.A. (2007). The role of perceived organizational performance in organizational identification, adjustment and job performance. Journal of Management Studies , 44, 972–992.
• Chaudhary, R. ve Akhouri, A. (2019). CSR perceptions and employee creativity: examining serial mediation effects of meaningfulness and work engagement", Social Responsibility Journal15(1): 61-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-01-2018-0018
• Chatzopoulou, E.-C., Manolopoulos, D., ve Agapitou, V. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and employee outcomes: ınterrelations of external and ınternal orientations with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04872-7
• Chou, E.-Y., Liang, H.-Y. ve Lin, J.-S.C. (2021). Believe to go the extra mile: the influence of internal CSR initiatives on service employee organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 31(6): 845-867. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-08-2019-0178
• Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26(3), 435- 462.
• Çolakoğlu, E. Ve Bozkurt, İ. (2021). Algılanan hizmet kalitesinin tutum üzerine etkisinde hastane türünün düzenleyişi etkisi. Journal of Emergıng Economıes and Polıcy, 6(2):151-161.
• Dan, C.I., Roca, A.C. ve Mateizer, A (2020). Job crafting and performance in firefighters: the role of work meaning and work engagement. Frontiers of Psychology, 11, 894.
• De Roeck, K., El Akremi, A., ve Swaen, V. (2016). Consistency matters! How and when does corporate social responsibility affect employees’ organizational identification?”. Journal of Management Studies, 53(7), 1141-1168
• Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., ve Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing Business Returns to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Role of CSR Communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00276.x
• Du, S., ve Vieira, E. T., Jr. (2012). Striving for legitimacy through corporate social responsibility: Insights from oil companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 110(4), 413–427.
• Dutton, J. A., Dukerich, J. M. ve Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational ımage and member ıdentification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39 (2): 239-263.
• Ellemers, N., De Gilder, D., ve Haslam, S. A. (2004). Motivating individuals and groups at work: A social identity perspective on leadership and group performance. Academy of Management Review, 29, 459– 478.
• Farooq, O., Payaud, M., Merunka, D. ve Valette-Florence, P. (2014). The impact of corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment: Exploring multiple mediation mechanisms. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(4), 563-580.
• Garson, G.D. (2012), Testing statistical assumptions. asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishing
• Gaudencio, P., Coelho, A., ve Ribeiro, N. (2020). The impact of CSR perceptions on workers’ turnover intentions. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(4),543–561. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-12-2018-0330
• Ghitulescu, B. E. (2006). Shaping tasks and relationships at work: Examining the antecedents and consequences of employee job crafting (unpublished dissertation). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
• Glavas, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: Enabling employees to employ more of their whole selves at work. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 746.
• Grant, A. M. (2008). Designing jobs to do good: Dimensions and psychological consequences of prosocial job characteristics. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 19–39
• Graves, S.B., ve Waddock, S.A(1994).. Institutional owners and corporate social performance. Acad. Manag. J., 37, 1034–1046
• Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. ve Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM, European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
• Hofman, P., ve Newman, A. (2014). The ımpact of perceived corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment and the moderating role of collectivism and masculinity: evidence from China, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25, 631– 652
• Hogg, M. A., ve Terry, D. J. (2000). Social ıdentity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.2307/259266
• Hogg, M.A. (2016). Social Identity Theory. (Eds) McKeown, S., Haji, R., & Ferguson, N. In :Understanding peace and conflict through social ıdentity theory. peace psycholgy book series. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6
• Hornung. (2019). Crafting task and cognitive job boundaries to enhance self-determination, ımpact, meaning and competence at work. Behavioral Sciences, 9(12), 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9120136
• Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3094025
• Hur, W.-M., Moon, T.-W., ve Lee, H.-G. (2018). Employee engagement in CSR initiatives and customer-directed counterproductive work behavior (CWB): The mediating roles of organizational civility norms and job calling. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1522
• Hur, W.-M., Moon, T.-W., ve Choi, W.-H. (2019). The role of job crafting and perceived organizational support in the link between employees’ csr perceptions and job performance: a moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 40(7), 3151–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00242-9
• Hur, W.-M., Moon, T.-W. ve Choi, W.-H. (2021). The role of job crafting and perceived organizational support in the link between employees’ csr perceptions and job performance: a moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 40(7), 3151–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00242-9
• Ifzal, A., Khurram, S. ve Moeen, A.Z. (2014). Impact of CSR perception on dimensions of job performance with mediating effect of overall justice perception. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(20), 94-108
• Jenkins, H. (2009). A business opportunity model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises. Business Ethics: A European Review, 18(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2009.01546.x
• Jones, D. A., Willness, C. R., ve Glavas, A. (2017). When corporate social responsibility (csr) meets organizational psychology: new frontiers in micro-csr research, and fulfilling a quid pro quo through multilevel ınsights. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00520
• Kerse, G. (2017). İş becerikliliği (job crafting) ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlama ve duygusal tükenme ile ilişkisini belirleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(4): 283-304.
• Kim,H-R, Lee,M., Lee, h-H-T. ve Kim, N-A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility and employee—company ıdentification. Journal of Business Ethics, 95 (4): 557-569
• Kim, B.-J., Nurunnabi, M., Kim, T.-H., ve Jung, S.-Y. (2018). The ınfluence of corporate social responsibility on organizational commitment: the sequential mediating effect of meaningfulness of work and perceived organizational support. Sustainability, 10(7), 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072208
• Kirkman, B. L., ve Rosen, B. (1999). Beyond Self-Management: Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 58–74. doi:10.5465/256874
• Lyons, P. (2008). The crafting of jobs and ındividual differences. Journal of Business and Psychology, 23(1-2), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-008-9080-2
• Lythreatis, S., Mostafa, A. M. S., Pereira, V., Wang, X., ve Giudice, M. D. (2020). Servant leadership, CSR perceptions, moral meaningfulness and organizational identification- evidence from the Middle East. International Business Review, 101772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101772
• Mathieson, K., Peacock, E., ve Chin, W. W. (2001). Extending the technology acceptance model. ACM SIGMIS Database, 32(3), 86. https://doi.org/10.1145/506724.506730
• Manimegalai, S. ve Baral, R. (2018), Examining the mediating role of organizational trust in the relationship between CSR practices and job outcomes, Social Responsibility Journal, 14(3) 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-01-2017-0007
• Mishra, S. ve Suar, D. (2010). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Firm Performance of Indian Companies? Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 571–601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0441-1
• McGorry, S.Y. (2000). Measurement in a crosscultural environment: survey translation ıssues, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(2), 74-81.
• Moon, T.-W., Hur, W.-M., Ko, S.-H., Kim, J.-W. ve Yoon, S.-W. (2014). Bridging corporate social responsibility and compassion at work: Relations to organizational justice and affective organizational commitment, Career Development International, 19(1): 49 72. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-05-2013-0060
• Morsing, M. ve Schultz, M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility communication: stakeholder information, response and involvement strategies. Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(4), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2006.00460.x
• Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C., ve Schmit, M. J. (1997). A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance. Human Performance, 10(2), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002
• Mueller, K., Hattrup, K., Spiess, S.-O., ve Lin-Hi, N. (2012). The effects of corporate social responsibility on employees’ affective commitment: A cross-cultural investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1186–1200. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030204
• Newman, A., Nielsen, I., ve Miao, Q. (2015). The impact of employee perceptions of organizational corporate social responsibility practices on job performance and organizational citizenship behavior: Evidence from the Chinese private sector. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(9), 1226–1242. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.934892
• Nyuur, R.B., Ofori, D.F., Amankwah, M.O ve Bafooe, K.A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and employee attitudes: the moderating role of employee age. Business Ethics, 31(1), 100-117.
• Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F.L. ve Rynes, S.L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies 24, 403–441
• Paruzel A, Klug HJP ve Maier GW (2021) The relationship between perceived corporate social responsibility and employee-related outcomes: a meta-analysis. Frontier Psychoogy. 12:607108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607108
• Pham, Q.M., Dhir, M. ve Carrier Guillomet, T. (2022). How do corporate charitable and economic social responsibility practices help to improve the quality of work life for employees?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 14(3):300-311. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-02-2022-0021.
• Robbins, S.P. ve Judge, T.A. (2015). Organizational Behavior; Pearson Education Limited: Harlow, Essex, UK, 2015.
• Rupp, D.E. ve Mallory, D.B (2015). Corporate social responsibility: Psychological, person-centric, and progressing. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 2, 211–236.
• Sarfraz, M., Qun, W., Abdullah, M.I. ve Alvi, A.T. (2018). Employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility ımpact on employee outcomes: mediating role of organizational justice for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability 10, 2429
• Saha, R., Shashi, Cerchione, R., Singh, R., ve Dahiya, R. (2019). Effect of ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility on firm performance: A systematic review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1824
• Saruhan, Ş.C. ve Özdemirci, A. (2011). Bilim, felsefe ve metodoloji. Beta Yayınları. İstanbul
• Scheepers, D. ve Ellemers, N. (2019). Social ıdentity theory. Social Psychology in Action, 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13788-5_9
• Seçkin, Ş.N. (2019). İç denetim odağı, iş becerikliliği ve işin anlamlılığı ilişkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 15 (3), 889-903.
• Shang, W. (2022). The Effects of Job Crafting on Job Performance among Ideological and Political Education Teachers: The Mediating Role of Work Meaning and Work Engagement. Sustainability, 14, 8820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su14148820
• Shin, I., Hur, W.-M., ve Kang, S. (2016). Employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility and job performance: a sequential mediation model. Sustainability, 8(5), 493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050493
• Sigler, T. H., ve Pearson, C. M. (2000). Creating an empowering culture: examining the relationship between organizational culture and perceptions of empowerment. Journal of Quality Management, 5(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1084-8568(00)00011-0
• Singhapakdi, A., Lee, D.-J., Sirgy, M. J., Roh, H., Senasu, K., ve Yu, G. B. (2019). Effects of perceived organizational CSR value and employee moral identity on job satisfaction: a study of business organizations in Thailand. Asian Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-019-00088-1
• Slemp, G. R. ve Brodrick, D. A. V. (2013). The job crafting questionnaire: A new scale to measure the extent to which employees engage in job crafting. International Journal of Wellbeing, 3(2): 126–146. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1
• Stets, J. E., and Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(3), 224. https://doi.org/10.2307/2695870
• Sun, L. and Yu, T.R. (2015) The impact of corporate social responsibility on employee performance and cost. Reiew of. Accounting and Finance., 14, 262–284.
• Swift, M. L. ve Virick, M. (2013). Perceived support, knowledge tacitness, and provider knowledge sharing. Group & Organization Management, 38 (6), 717-742.
• Tajfel, H. (1972). Social categorization. English manuscript of ‘La catégorisation sociale’. In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Introduction à la psychologie sociale. 1: 272–302). Paris: Larousse
• Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin and S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole, 33-47
• Teng, H.-Y. ve Chen, C.-Y. (2019). Proactive personality and job crafting in the tourism industry: Does job resourcefulness matter? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2019.10.010
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., ve van Rhenen, W. (2013). Job crafting at the team and ındividual level. Group & Organization Management, 38(4), 427–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960111349242
• Tims, M., Bakker A. B. ve Derks, D. (2015). Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(6), 914-928, https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2014.969245
• Tseng, F-C. ve Fan, Y-J., 2011. Exploring the ınfluence of organizational ethical climate on knowledge management. Journal of Business Ethics, 101: 325-342.
• Türker, D. (2008). How Corporate Social Responsibility Influences Organizational Commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(2), 189–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9993-8
• Tyler, T. R. (1999). Why people cooperate with organizations: An identity based perspective. In R. I. Sutton, and B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior 21:201–246. US: Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
• Valentine, S. ve Fleischman, G. (2008) Ethics programs, perceived corporate social responsibility and job satisfaction. Journal of Business Ethics, 77, 159–172.
• Valmohammadi, C. (2011). Investigating corporate social responsibility practices in Iranian organizations: an ISO 26000 perspective, Business Strategy Series, 12(5): 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631111166898
• Wrzesniewski, A. ve Dutton, J.E. (2001). Crafting a job: revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2): 179-201.
• Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, Özel Sayı, 74-85
• Ying, M., Shan, H. ve Tikuye, G.A. (2021). How do stakeholder pressures affect corporate social responsibility adoption? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia. Sustainability, 14, 443. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su14010443
• Yoon, B., ve Chung, Y. (2018). The effects of corporate social responsibility on firm performance: A stakeholder approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.10.005
• Yu, Y., ve Choi, Y. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance through the mediating effect of organizational trust in Chinese firms. Chinese Management Studies, 8(4), 577–592. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-10-2013-0196
• Zhang, C. ve Liu, L. (2020). The effect of job crafting to job performance. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2020.1762517
• Zhu, Q., Liu, J., ve Lai, K. (2016). Corporate social responsibility practices and performance improvement among Chinese national state-owned enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 171, 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.08.005