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The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 17, 1 - 12, 27.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.847613

Abstract

This study aims to find out the long-run relationship between R&D spending and the current account balances. The panel data analysis is carried out for the period between 1996 and 2018. 64 developing and developed countries are included in the study. Panel cointegration is applied to test the long-run relationships. There are significant and positive long-run relationships between the R&D spending with current account balances for four different country groups which are high income, all countries except industrial, all countries except industrial and African, and all countries groups. Results show that R&D spending is an important factor for both developing and developed countries to improve their current account balances positively. 1% increase in R&D spending improves 3.29% current account surplus for all countries, 4.55% for high income countries group.

References

  • Altayligil, Y.B. and Çetrez, M. (2020). Macroeconomic, institutional and financial determinants of current account balances: a panel data assessment. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 49.
  • Blundell, R., Dearden L., Meghir C. and Sianeso B. (1999). Human Capital Investment: The Returns from Education and Training to the Individual, The Firm and the Economy. Fiscal Studies, 20(1), 1-23.
  • Braunerhjelm, P. and Thulin, P. (2008). Can countries create comparative advantages? R&D expenditures, high-tech exports and country size in 19 OECD countries. 1981–1999. International Economic Journal, 22(1), 95-111.
  • De La Fuenta, A. and Domenech, R. (2006). Human capital in growth regressions: How much difference does data quality make?. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(1), 1-36
  • Fischer, S. and Frenkel, J. A. (1974). Economic growth and stages of the balance of payments: A theoretical model. In G. Horwich and P. Samuelson (Eds.). Trade, stability, and macroeconomics: Essays in honor of Lloyd A. Metzler, 503–521.
  • Gengenbach, C., Urbain, J. and Westerlund J. (2016). Error correction testing in panels with common sthocastic trends. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31, 982-1004.
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı, dış ticaret dengesi ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. Maliye Dergisi, 165, 215-240.
  • Halpern, L. and Muraközy, B. (2011). Innovation, productivity and export: The case of Hungary. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 21(2), 1-23.
  • Harris R. and Li Q. C. (2009). Exporting, R&D, and absorptive capacity in UK establishments. Oxford Economic Papers, 61(1), 74–103.
  • Horwitz, F. (2005). HR can competitiveness advance. Executive Business Brief, 10, 50-52.
  • IMF World Economic Outlook (2019). Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/10/01/world-economic-outlook-october-2019
  • Landesmann, M. and Pfaffermayr, M. (1997). Technological competition and trade performance. Applied Economics, 29(2), 179-196.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanism of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-22.
  • Mankiw, N., Romer, D. and Weil, D. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 407−437.
  • Özçelik, Ö., Aslan, V. and Özbek, R.İ. (2018). Ar-Ge harcamalarıyla yüksek teknoloji ihracatı arasındaki ilişki: Seçili 10 OECD ülkesi için panel veri analizi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 57-66.
  • Özer, M. and Çiftçi, N. (2009). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ihracat ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (23), 39-49.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper, 1229, 1-40. https://www.cesifo.org/
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pereira, J. and Aubyn M. S. (2009). What level of education matters most for growth? Evidence from Portugal, Economics of Education Review, 28(1), 67-73.
  • Romer, P. (1990). Human capital and growth: theory and evidence. Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 32, 251-286.
  • Self, S. and Grabowski, R. (2004). Does education at all levels cause growth? India, a case study. Economics of Education Review, 23, 47−55.
  • Swamy P. (1971). Statistical inference in a random coeffeicient regression model. Econometrica 38(2), 311-322.
  • Şahbaz, A., Yanar, R. and Adıgüzel, U. (2014). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ileri teknoloji mal ihracatı ilişkisi: Panel nedensellik analizi. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(1), 47-60.
  • Yıldırım, E. and Kesikoğlu, F. (2012). Ar-Ge harcamaları ile ihracat arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri: Türkiye örneğinde panel nedensellik testi kanıtları. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 32(1), 165-180.

AR-GE Harcamaları ve Cari İşlemler Dengesi Uzun Dönemli İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 17, 1 - 12, 27.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.847613

Abstract

Bu çalışmada AR-GE harcamaları ile cari işlemler dengesi arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Panel veri analizi, 64 gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler ile 1996 ve 2018 yılları için uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönemli ilişkiyi araştırmak için panel eşbütünleşme analizi kullanılmıştır. Dört farklı ülke grubu için AR-GE harcamaları ile cari işlemler dengesi arasında pozitif, anlamlı ve uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu gruplar, yüksek gelirli ülkeler, sanayileşmiş ülkeler hariç tüm ülkeler, Afrika ve sanayileşmiş ülkeler hariç tüm ülkeler ve tüm ülkeler gruplarıdır. AR-GE harcamalarının sadece gelişmiş ülkelerin cari işlemler dengesi üzerinde değil gelişmekte olan ülkelerin cari işlemler dengesi üzerinde de olumlu etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm ülkeler grubu için, AR-GE harcamalarındaki %1 artış cari işlemler fazlasını %3,29 arttırırken, yüksek gelirli ülkelerde cari işlemler fazlasını %4,55 arttırmaktadır.

References

  • Altayligil, Y.B. and Çetrez, M. (2020). Macroeconomic, institutional and financial determinants of current account balances: a panel data assessment. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 49.
  • Blundell, R., Dearden L., Meghir C. and Sianeso B. (1999). Human Capital Investment: The Returns from Education and Training to the Individual, The Firm and the Economy. Fiscal Studies, 20(1), 1-23.
  • Braunerhjelm, P. and Thulin, P. (2008). Can countries create comparative advantages? R&D expenditures, high-tech exports and country size in 19 OECD countries. 1981–1999. International Economic Journal, 22(1), 95-111.
  • De La Fuenta, A. and Domenech, R. (2006). Human capital in growth regressions: How much difference does data quality make?. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(1), 1-36
  • Fischer, S. and Frenkel, J. A. (1974). Economic growth and stages of the balance of payments: A theoretical model. In G. Horwich and P. Samuelson (Eds.). Trade, stability, and macroeconomics: Essays in honor of Lloyd A. Metzler, 503–521.
  • Gengenbach, C., Urbain, J. and Westerlund J. (2016). Error correction testing in panels with common sthocastic trends. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31, 982-1004.
  • Göçer, İ. (2013). Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatı, dış ticaret dengesi ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. Maliye Dergisi, 165, 215-240.
  • Halpern, L. and Muraközy, B. (2011). Innovation, productivity and export: The case of Hungary. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 21(2), 1-23.
  • Harris R. and Li Q. C. (2009). Exporting, R&D, and absorptive capacity in UK establishments. Oxford Economic Papers, 61(1), 74–103.
  • Horwitz, F. (2005). HR can competitiveness advance. Executive Business Brief, 10, 50-52.
  • IMF World Economic Outlook (2019). Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/10/01/world-economic-outlook-october-2019
  • Landesmann, M. and Pfaffermayr, M. (1997). Technological competition and trade performance. Applied Economics, 29(2), 179-196.
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanism of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-22.
  • Mankiw, N., Romer, D. and Weil, D. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 407−437.
  • Özçelik, Ö., Aslan, V. and Özbek, R.İ. (2018). Ar-Ge harcamalarıyla yüksek teknoloji ihracatı arasındaki ilişki: Seçili 10 OECD ülkesi için panel veri analizi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 57-66.
  • Özer, M. and Çiftçi, N. (2009). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ihracat ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri panel veri analizi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (23), 39-49.
  • Pedroni, P. (2001). Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 727-731.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Paper, 1229, 1-40. https://www.cesifo.org/
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pereira, J. and Aubyn M. S. (2009). What level of education matters most for growth? Evidence from Portugal, Economics of Education Review, 28(1), 67-73.
  • Romer, P. (1990). Human capital and growth: theory and evidence. Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 32, 251-286.
  • Self, S. and Grabowski, R. (2004). Does education at all levels cause growth? India, a case study. Economics of Education Review, 23, 47−55.
  • Swamy P. (1971). Statistical inference in a random coeffeicient regression model. Econometrica 38(2), 311-322.
  • Şahbaz, A., Yanar, R. and Adıgüzel, U. (2014). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ileri teknoloji mal ihracatı ilişkisi: Panel nedensellik analizi. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(1), 47-60.
  • Yıldırım, E. and Kesikoğlu, F. (2012). Ar-Ge harcamaları ile ihracat arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri: Türkiye örneğinde panel nedensellik testi kanıtları. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 32(1), 165-180.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Murat Çetrez 0000-0001-9567-7644

Publication Date February 27, 2022
Submission Date December 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 17

Cite

APA Çetrez, M. (2022). The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(17), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.847613
AMA Çetrez M. The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis. JEBUPOR. February 2022;7(17):1-12. doi:10.25204/iktisad.847613
Chicago Çetrez, Murat. “The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7, no. 17 (February 2022): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.847613.
EndNote Çetrez M (February 1, 2022) The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7 17 1–12.
IEEE M. Çetrez, “The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis”, JEBUPOR, vol. 7, no. 17, pp. 1–12, 2022, doi: 10.25204/iktisad.847613.
ISNAD Çetrez, Murat. “The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis”. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi 7/17 (February 2022), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.847613.
JAMA Çetrez M. The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis. JEBUPOR. 2022;7:1–12.
MLA Çetrez, Murat. “The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis”. İktisadi İdari Ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 17, 2022, pp. 1-12, doi:10.25204/iktisad.847613.
Vancouver Çetrez M. The Long-Run Relationship Between R&D Spending and Current Account Balances: A Panel Data Analysis. JEBUPOR. 2022;7(17):1-12.