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Sigara İçen Periodontitisli Bireylerde Anti-Inflamatuvar Sitokinlerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 30 - 38, 01.03.2024

Abstract

Periodontitis, dişleri destekleyen dokuları etkileyen kronik bir hastalık olup periodontal patojenlere karşı konak bağışık yanıt dengesizliklerinde ortaya çıkar. Sigara, periodontitisin başlangıcında ve ilerlemesinde önemli bir risk faktörüdür. İnflamatuvar süreç sırasında, sitokinlerin belirgin bir şekilde artışı kaçınılmaz olup inflamasyonun çözünmesi periodontitiste önem taşımaktadır. İnflamasyonun çözülmesinde başlıca rol alan sitokinler interlökin (IL)-4 ve IL-10’dur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şiddetli periodontitisli, sigara içen bireylerde IL-4 ve -10'un lokal ve sistemik katılımını değerlendirmekti. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, sigara içen ve içmeyen olarak ayrılmış Evre III Derece C periodontitisli 50 birey ile yine sigara içen ve içmeyen olarak ayrılmış periodontal olarak sağlıklı 50 birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Periodontal indekslerin kaydını takiben IL-4 ve IL-10 düzeylerinin serumda ve diş eti oluğu sıvısındaki (DOS) analizi için tüm katılımcılardan venöz kan ve DOS örnekleri alındı. Sitokişn değerleri multipleks immunoassay yöntemi ile belirlendi. İstatistiksel değerlendirme Mann-Whitney U, Student-t ve Ki-kare testleri kullanılarak yapıldı. Araştırmamızda, periodontitisli bireyler arasında tüm periodontal indekslerin, sağlıklı bireylere oranla istatistiksel olarak önemli ölçüde yüksek olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Sigara içmeyen ve içen periodontitisli bireylerin DOS IL-4 ve -10 düzeyleri, sağlıklı bireylerinkinden belirgin olarak daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Sigara içen periodontitisli bireylerin DOS IL-4 düzeyleri ise diğer tüm gruplardan daha düşük bulundu (p<0.05). Serum IL-4 ve -10 konsantrasyonları sigara içen periodontitisli bireylerde, diğer tüm gruplara kıyasla düşüktü (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, periodontal inflamasyonun başlaması ve ilerlemesi, anti-inflamatuarın yetersiz yanıtına veya eksikliğine bağlanabilir. Sigara, potansiyel olarak IL-4 ve -10 için baskılayıcı bir işlev görebilir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma 24.03.2008 tarihli İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu toplantısında onaylanmıştır

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

1217

Thanks

Çalışmamızı değerlendirmeye aldığınız için teşekkür ederiz, saygılarımızla.

References

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  • Kamma, J.J., Giannopoulou, C., Vasdekis, V.G.S., Mombelli, A., 2004. Cytokine profile in gingival crevicular fluid of aggressive periodontitis: Influence of smoking and stress. J Clin Periodontol 31, 894–902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00585.x
  • Kinane, D.F., Chestnutt, I.G., 2000. Smoking and periodontal disease. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 11, 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110030501
  • Kinney, J.S., Morelli, T., Oh, M., Braun, T.M., Ramseier, C.A., Sugai, J. V., Giannobile, W. V., 2014. Crevicular fluid biomarkers and periodontal disease progression. J Clin Periodontol 41, 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12194
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  • Mattuella, L.G., Campagnaro, M.B., Vargas, A.E., Xavier, L.L., Oppermann, R.V., Chies, J.A.B., Miranda, L.A., 2013. Plasma cytokines levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715191 71, 683–688. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715191
  • Mendes Duarte, P., da Rocha, M., Sampaio, E., Josefa Mestnik, M., Feres, M., Cristina Figueiredo, L., Ferreira Bastos, M., Faveri, M., n.d. Serum Levels of Cytokines in Subjects With Generalized Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Pilot Study; Serum Levels of Cytokines in Subjects With Generalized Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Pilot Study. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.090732
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  • Moretti, S., Bartolommei, L., Galosi, C., Renga, G., Oikonomou, V., Zamparini, F., Ricci, G., Borghi, M., Puccetti, M., Piobbico, D., Eramo, S., Conti, C., Lomurno, G., Bartoli, A., Napolioni, V., Romani, L., 2015. Fine-tuning of Th17 Cytokines in Periodontal Disease by IL-10. J Dent Res 94, 1267–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515591790
  • Okada, H., Murakami, S., 1998. Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 9, 248–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411980090030101
  • Ozer Yucel, O., 2015. Inflammatory Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease. Immunome Res 11, 19–22. https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000093
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Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 30 - 38, 01.03.2024

Abstract

Periodontitis, a chronic condition impacting the supportive tissues of teeth, manifests when the host's immune response becomes imbalanced with periodontal pathogens. Smoking emerges as a significant risk factor in both initiation and progression of periodontitis. During inflammatory process, a conspicuous upregulation of both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines is unavoidable. Resolution of inflammation holds significance in the context of periodontitis, predominantly orchestrated by immune cells generating interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Objective of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic involvement of IL-4 and -10 in individuals with severe periodontitis who are smokers. Fifty individuals with Stage III Grade C periodontitis were recruited, comprising both smokers and non-smokers, along with an additional fifty periodontally healthy individuals who were divided into smoking and non-smoking categories. Comprehensive periodontal indices were documented for all participants, and both venous blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained for cytokine level analysis. Levels of IL-4 and -10 in GCF and serum samples were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. Statistical evaluation involved the use of Mann-Whitney U, Student-t, and Chi-square tests. In our investigation, all periodontal indices among individuals with periodontitis exhibited a statistically significant elevation compared to those of their healthy counterparts (p<0.05). Levels of IL-4 and -10 in the GCF of non-smoking and smoking individuals with periodontitis were notably lower than those in the GCF of healthy individuals (p<0.05). Smoking individuals with periodontitis had the lowest GCF IL-4 levels than other groups (p<0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-4 and -10 in periodontitis patients who were smoking exhibited a reduction compared to all other groups (p<0.05). It can be inferred that the onset and advancement of periodontal inflammation might be attributed to a deficiency or inadequate response to anti-inflammatory. Smoking could potentially act as a co-suppressor for IL-4 and -10.

Ethical Statement

This research was ethically approved on the date of 24.03.2008 by the Ethical Commission of the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committe

Supporting Institution

Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Department

Project Number

1217

Thanks

We appreciate the consideration of our research paper. Yours Sincerely.

References

  • Al-Ghurabi, B.H., 2013. Impact of Smoking on the IL-1Β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α Production in Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Journal of Asian Scientific Research 3, 462–470.
  • Al-Hamoudi, N., Alsahhaf, A., Al Deeb, M., Alrabiah, M., Vohra, F., Abduljabbar, T., 2020. Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 50, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2020.50.2.74
  • Almehmadi, A.H., Alghamdi, F., 2018. Biomarkers of alveolar bone resorption in gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.004
  • Beck, J.D., Slade, G., Offenbacher, S., 2000. Oral disease, cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. Periodontol 2000 23, 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0757.2000.2230111.X
  • Borbour, S.E., Nakashima, K., Zhang, J.B., Tangada, S., Hahn, C. Lo, Schenkein, H.A., Tew, J.G., 1997. Tobacco and smoking: Environmental factors modify the host response (immune system) and have an impact on periodontal health. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 8, 437–460. https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411970080040501
  • Bunæs, D.F., Mustafa, M., Mohamed, H.G., Lie, S.A., Leknes, K.N., 2017a. The effect of smoking on inflammatory and bone remodeling markers in gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival microbiota following periodontal therapy. J Periodontal Res 52, 713–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/JRE.12438
  • Bunæs, D.F., Mustafa, M., Mohamed, H.G., Lie, S.A., Leknes, K.N., 2017b. The effect of smoking on inflammatory and bone remodeling markers in gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival microbiota following periodontal therapy. J Periodontal Res 52, 713–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/JRE.12438
  • Casarin, R.C.V., Del Peloso Ribeiro, É., Mariano, F.S., Nociti, F.H., Casati, M.Z., Gonçalves, R.B., 2010. Levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, inflammatory cytokines and species-specific immunoglobulin G in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 45, 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01278.x
  • Chen, X.T., Tan, J.Y., Lei, L.H., Chen, L.L., 2015. Cytokine levels in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis. Am J Dent 28, 9–12.
  • da Silva, R.V.C., Rangel, T.P., Corrêa, M.G., de Freitas Monteiro, M., Casati, M.Z., Ruiz, K.G., Sallum, E.A., Casarin, R.C.V., Sallum, A.W., 2022. Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 57, 1116–1126. https://doi.org/10.1111/JRE.13049
  • Gemmell, E., Marshall, R.I., Seymour, G.J., 1997. Cytokines and prostaglandins in immune homeostasis and tissue destruction in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 14, 112–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0757.1997.TB00194.X
  • Giannopoulou, C., Kamma, J.J., Mombelli, A., 2003a. Effect of inflammation, smoking and stress on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine level. J Clin Periodontol 30, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-051X.2003.300201.X
  • Giannopoulou, C., Kamma, J.J., Mombelli, A., 2003b. Effect of inflammation, smoking and stress on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine level. J Clin Periodontol 30, 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.300201.x
  • Gonçalves, R.B., Coletta, R.D., Silvério, K.G., Benevides, L., Casati, M.Z., Da Silva, J.S., Nociti, F.H., 2011. Impact of smoking on inflammation: Overview of molecular mechanisms. Inflammation Research 60, 409–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0308-7
  • Kabashima, H., Nagata, K., Hashiguchi, I., Toriya, Y., Iijima, T., Maki, K., Maeda, K., 1996. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-4 in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with inflammatory periodontal disease. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 25, 449–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00295.x
  • Kamma, J.J., Giannopoulou, C., Vasdekis, V.G.S., Mombelli, A., 2004. Cytokine profile in gingival crevicular fluid of aggressive periodontitis: Influence of smoking and stress. J Clin Periodontol 31, 894–902. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00585.x
  • Kinane, D.F., Chestnutt, I.G., 2000. Smoking and periodontal disease. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 11, 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110030501
  • Kinney, J.S., Morelli, T., Oh, M., Braun, T.M., Ramseier, C.A., Sugai, J. V., Giannobile, W. V., 2014. Crevicular fluid biomarkers and periodontal disease progression. J Clin Periodontol 41, 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12194
  • Kusumoto, Y., Hirano, H., Saitoh, K., Yamada, S., Takedachi, M., Nozaki, T., Ozawa, Y., Nakahira, Y., Saho, T., Ogo, H., Shimabukuro, Y., Okada, H., Murakami, S., 2004. Human gingival epithelial cells produce chemotactic factors interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 after stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis via toll-like receptor 2. J Periodontol 75, 370–9. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2004.75.3.370
  • Martins, E.S., César-Neto, J.B., Albuquerque-Souza, E., Rebeis, E.S., Holzhausen, M., Pannuti, C.M., Mayer, M.P.A., Saraiva, L., 2019. One-year follow-up of the immune profile in serum and selected sites of generalized and localized aggressive periodontitis. Cytokine 116, 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CYTO.2018.12.019
  • Mattuella, L.G., Campagnaro, M.B., Vargas, A.E., Xavier, L.L., Oppermann, R.V., Chies, J.A.B., Miranda, L.A., 2013. Plasma cytokines levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715191 71, 683–688. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715191
  • Mendes Duarte, P., da Rocha, M., Sampaio, E., Josefa Mestnik, M., Feres, M., Cristina Figueiredo, L., Ferreira Bastos, M., Faveri, M., n.d. Serum Levels of Cytokines in Subjects With Generalized Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Pilot Study; Serum Levels of Cytokines in Subjects With Generalized Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Pilot Study. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.090732
  • Miranda, T.S., Almeida, M.L., Marins, L.M., da Silva, H.D.P., Feres, M., Duarte, P.M., 2020. Might smoking assuage the pro-inflammatory effect of diabetes in periodontal sites? Oral Dis 26, 200–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13206
  • Moretti, S., Bartolommei, L., Galosi, C., Renga, G., Oikonomou, V., Zamparini, F., Ricci, G., Borghi, M., Puccetti, M., Piobbico, D., Eramo, S., Conti, C., Lomurno, G., Bartoli, A., Napolioni, V., Romani, L., 2015. Fine-tuning of Th17 Cytokines in Periodontal Disease by IL-10. J Dent Res 94, 1267–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515591790
  • Okada, H., Murakami, S., 1998. Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 9, 248–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/10454411980090030101
  • Ozer Yucel, O., 2015. Inflammatory Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease. Immunome Res 11, 19–22. https://doi.org/10.4172/1745-7580.1000093
  • Palmer, R.M., Wilson, R.F., Hasan, A.S., Scott, D.A., 2005. Mechanisms of action of environmental factors - Tobacco smoking. J Clin Periodontol 32, 180–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-051X.2005.00786.X
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There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Primary Health Care
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gökhan Kasnak 0000-0002-8953-6834

Emre Cantürk Ural 0009-0008-8769-3933

Liubov Karagülle 0009-0003-0284-6122

Ayse Cansu Basegmez 0000-0002-2571-5809

Project Number 1217
Publication Date March 1, 2024
Submission Date January 26, 2024
Acceptance Date February 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kasnak, G., Cantürk Ural, E., Karagülle, L., Basegmez, A. C. (2024). Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis. Istanbul Kent University Journal of Health Sciences, 3(1), 30-38.
AMA Kasnak G, Cantürk Ural E, Karagülle L, Basegmez AC. Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis. IKUJHS. March 2024;3(1):30-38.
Chicago Kasnak, Gökhan, Emre Cantürk Ural, Liubov Karagülle, and Ayse Cansu Basegmez. “Determination of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals With Periodontitis”. Istanbul Kent University Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 2024): 30-38.
EndNote Kasnak G, Cantürk Ural E, Karagülle L, Basegmez AC (March 1, 2024) Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis. Istanbul Kent University Journal of Health Sciences 3 1 30–38.
IEEE G. Kasnak, E. Cantürk Ural, L. Karagülle, and A. C. Basegmez, “Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis”, IKUJHS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 30–38, 2024.
ISNAD Kasnak, Gökhan et al. “Determination of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals With Periodontitis”. Istanbul Kent University Journal of Health Sciences 3/1 (March 2024), 30-38.
JAMA Kasnak G, Cantürk Ural E, Karagülle L, Basegmez AC. Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis. IKUJHS. 2024;3:30–38.
MLA Kasnak, Gökhan et al. “Determination of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals With Periodontitis”. Istanbul Kent University Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1, 2024, pp. 30-38.
Vancouver Kasnak G, Cantürk Ural E, Karagülle L, Basegmez AC. Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis. IKUJHS. 2024;3(1):30-8.