Research Article

Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West

Number: 6 December 1, 2017
TR EN

Abstract

Increasing surveillance directed at Muslims after 9/11 is among the mostly studied issues in the surveillance literature. Many studies show that surveillance directed at Muslims is intensified in the name of national security measures. Increasing surveillance makes the Muslims in the West live more anxiously and causes negative discrimination against Muslims. The Islamophobic practices affect the Muslims living in the West and Muslims who travel to West for various reasons.

Muslims are seen as the most “suspected” individuals especially in crowded places such as airports, shopping malls, entertainment centers. Muslims who carry Islamic symbols are searched more carefully or paid more attention in crowded places. The surveillance directed at Muslims is justified for the so-called national security necessities. Security forces and media claim that the surveillance directed at Muslims stems from “objective” reasons, however, the biased assumptions regarding religion and culture shape the sphere of surveillance. The discriminatory and accusatory “surveillance discourse” is also reinforced by the media images and populist politicians.

This study aims to figure out the intersection points of Islamophobia and surveillance practices. For this purpose, the surveillance practices directed at Muslims in the West are mentioned briefly in the article. The main axis of the study is the Islamophobic assumptions underlying the increasing surveillance of Muslims in the West. In this article, gender aspects of Islamophobia are also addressed. “Gendered Islamophobia” concept is elaborated in this context. The intensity and type of surveillance changes according to gender because of the different dressing styles. The Muslim women, who prefer to veil, become more easily identifiable because of the headscarf, hijab, turban etc. Moreover, in gendered Islamophobic discourses, Muslim women are usually portrayed as “oppressed”, while Muslim men are presented as “oppressors”.

Surveillance includes unequal power relations between the surveillant and the surveilled. Being the object of the surveillance reflects a power relation in which the person who surveils can exercise power on the surveilled. This article points out the role of Islamophobia in portraying Muslims as “threat” as well as attracting attention to hierarchical power relations embedded in surveillance practices directed at Muslims. 

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 1, 2017

Submission Date

January 8, 2018

Acceptance Date

February 12, 2018

Published in Issue

Year 2017 Number: 6

APA
Tekten Aksürmeli, Z. S. (2017). Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West. İlahiyat Akademi, 6, 183-196. https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ
AMA
1.Tekten Aksürmeli ZS. Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West. İlahiyat Akademi. 2017;(6):183-196. https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ
Chicago
Tekten Aksürmeli, Zeynep Serap. 2017. “Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West”. İlahiyat Akademi, nos. 6: 183-96. https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ.
EndNote
Tekten Aksürmeli ZS (December 1, 2017) Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West. İlahiyat Akademi 6 183–196.
IEEE
[1]Z. S. Tekten Aksürmeli, “Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West”, İlahiyat Akademi, no. 6, pp. 183–196, Dec. 2017, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ
ISNAD
Tekten Aksürmeli, Zeynep Serap. “Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West”. İlahiyat Akademi. 6 (December 1, 2017): 183-196. https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ.
JAMA
1.Tekten Aksürmeli ZS. Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West. İlahiyat Akademi. 2017;:183–196.
MLA
Tekten Aksürmeli, Zeynep Serap. “Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West”. İlahiyat Akademi, no. 6, Dec. 2017, pp. 183-96, https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ.
Vancouver
1.Zeynep Serap Tekten Aksürmeli. Islamophobia and Surveillance Directed at Muslims in the West. İlahiyat Akademi [Internet]. 2017 Dec. 1;(6):183-96. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA56YA67EZ