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The Relationship Between State and Media within the Perspective of Critical Political Economy

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 134 - 152, 15.02.2019

Abstract

This article analyzes the media and state / government relations from a critical political economy perspective. The relations of production, distribution and consumption in the communication industry are never realized only in the market mechanism. States and governments intervene in this field as direct regulatory powers and define media policies. Especially in the 1980s, with the transition to neo-liberal economic policies, governments have deregulated the media policies and opened this area to large capital groups. The media sector, which was once the subject of public ownership, has grown in a private way that has never been seen before. Politicians, by creating a healthy public sphere and providing pluralism in the framework of the neoliberal policies legitimized by the discourse of protecting the interests of the company by making the legal structure of the ownership structure has led to intensification of communication structure. This reveals how the communication sector has been limited by the economic structures and political authorities that cooperate with each other. As a result of the concentration of property, the production, distribution and consumption of communicative products are limited, competition in this area decreases, while the information content and options offered to people are decreasing and a consumption and entertainment oriented broadcasting concept dominates this area.

References

  • Albarran, Alan B. (2004) Media Economics. (in) The Sage Handbook of Media Studies. Eds.: J. D. H. Downings, D. McQuail, P. Schlesinger, E. Wartella (der.) Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications. 291-307. Althusser, Louis (1984) Essays on Ideology, London, Verso. Babe, Robert (1995) Communication and the Transformation of Economics, Colorado, Westview Press. Bagdikian, Ben (2004) The New Media Monopoly, Boston, Beacon Press. Baker, C. Edwin (2007) Media Concentration and Democracy: Why Ownership Matters, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Bettig, R.V. (1996) Copyrighting Culture: The Political Economy of Intellectual Property, Colorado, Westview Press. Caporaso, James A. and Levine, David P. (1992) Theories of Political Economy, New York, Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, Noam and Herman, Edward S. (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media, New York, Pantheon Books. Cristopherson, Susan and Storper, Michael (1989) “The Effects of Flexible Specialization on Industrial Politics and Labour Market: The Motion Picture Industry”. Industrial and Labour Relations Review, C: 42, No:3, s. 331-347. Dawson, Michael and Foster, John Bellamy (1996) “Virtual Capitalism: The Political Economy of the Information Highway”, Monthly Review, C. 4, No: 3, s. 40-48. Dennis, Everette and Merrill, John C. (2002) Media Debates: Great Issues fort he Digital Age, Belmond-Wadsworth, Thomson Learning. Durand, Jean-Pierre (1995) Marx’ın Sosyolojisi, Ali Aktaş (çev.), İstanbul, Birikim. Erdoğan, İrfan (1994) “Uluslararası İletişim Düzeninde Beyinlerimiz Nasıl Sömürülüyor?”, Bilim ve Ütopya, Eylül. C.3, s. 4-6. Friedman, Milton (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, Charlottesville, Virginia University Press. Gandy Jr., Oscar (1992) “The Political Economy Approach: A Critical Challenge”, The Journal of Media Economics, Summer, s. 23-42. Guo, Z. S. (2001) “To Each According to Niche: Analyzing the Poltitical and Economic Origins for A Structural Segregation in Chinese Press”, Journal of Media Economics, C. 14, No:1, s.15-30. Hall, Stuart (1999) “Kültür, Medya ve İdeolojik Etki”, Medya, İktidar ve İdeoloji, Mehmet Küçük (der. ve çev.), Ankara: Ark, s. 199-243. Harvey, David (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Horwitz, Robert Britt (1989) The Irony of Regulatory Reform: The Deregulation of American Telecommunications, New York, Oxford University Press. Jessop, Bob (1990) State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in its Place, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania University Press. Li, Zhenfang (2003) “A Review on the Study of Media Economics”, China-USA Business Review (Journal), C. 2, No: 1, s.26-32. McChesney, Robert W. (2000) “The Political Economy of Communication and the Future of the Field” Media Culture and Society, C. 22, No: 1, s.109-116. McChesney, Robert W. (2000) “Journalism, Democracy and Class Struggle”, Monthly Review, C.52, No: 6, s.11-28. Milliband, Ralph (1969) The State in Capitalist Society, New York, Basic Books. Mosco, Vincent (1996) The Political Economy of Communication, London, Sage Publications. Murdock, Graham (1980) “Class, Power and the Press: Problem of Conceptualisation and Evidence”, The Sociology of Journalism, and the Press, H. Christion (der.), London, GBJH Brookers (Printers) Ltd, s. 37-60. Murdock, Graham (1978) “Blindspots about Western Marxism: A Reply to Dallas Smythe”, Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory, C. 2, No: 2, s.109-119. Neuman, W. Russel (1992) The Future of the Mass Audience, New York, Cambridge University Press. Poulantzas, Nicos (1969) “The Problem of Capitalist State”, New Left Review, C. 58, s. 69-78. Richeri, Giuseppe (2011) “The Media Amid Enterprises, the Public, and the State: New Challengers for Research”, The Handbook of Political Economy of Communications, Janet Wasko, Graham Murdock and Helena Sousa (der.), Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, s. 129-199. Schiller, Herbert I. (1991) Culture Inc.: The Corporate Takeover of Public Expression, New York, Oxford University Press. Smythe, Dallas W. (1960) “On the Political Economy of Communications”, Journalism Quarterly, C. 37, s. 563-572. Trumka, Richard L. (2011) “A Global New Deal: Making Globalization Work For Labor”, Harvard International Review, C. 33, No: 2, s.42-46. Van Dijk, Tuen A. (1999) “Söylemin Yapıları ve İktidarın Yapıları”, Medya, İktidar ve İdeoloji, Mehmet Küçük (der. ve çev.), Ankara, Ark, s. 331-395.

Eleştirel Ekonomi Politik Perspektiften Devlet ve Medya İlişkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 134 - 152, 15.02.2019

Abstract

Bu
makalede, eleştirel ekonomi politik bir çerçeveden, medya ve devlet/ hükümet
ilişkileri analiz edilmiştir. İletişim endüstrisindeki üretim, dağıtım ve
tüketim ilişkileri hiçbir zaman sadece pazar mekanizması içerisinde
gerçekleşmez. Devlet ve hükümetler bu alana doğrudan düzenleyici güçler  olarak müdahale ederler ve medya
politikalarını belirlerler. Özellikle 1980’li yıllarda, neo-liberal ekonomi
politikalarına geçişle birlikte, hükümetler medya politikalarını da
kuralsızlaştırarak bu alanı büyük sermaye gruplarına açmıştır. Kamu mülkiyetine
konu olan elektronik medya alanının sermayeye açılmasıyla birlikte medya
sektörü daha önce görülmemiş şekilde büyümüştür. Politikacılar, sağlıklı bir
kamusal alan yaratmak ve çoğulculuğu sağlamak söylemiyle meşrulaştırdıkları neoliberal
politikalar çerçevesinde,  şirket
çıkarlarını koruyan yasal düzenlemeleri yaparak iletişim  alanında sahiplik yapısının yoğunlaşmasına yol
açmışlardır. Bu durum, iletişim sektörünün, birbirleriyle işbirliği yapan  ekonomik yapılar ve siyasi iktidarlar
tarafından kamunun aleyhine olacak şekilde nasıl sınırlandırıldığını ortaya
koymaktadır. Hükümetler tarafından, büyük sermayenin çıkarına olan siyasi
düzenlemelerle oluşan  mülkiyet
yoğunlaşması sonucunda, iletişimsel ürünlerin üretim, dağıtım ve tüketimi
kısıtlanmakta, bu alandaki rekabet azalmakta, insanlara sunulan bilgi içeriği
ve seçenekler azalırken eğlence ve tüketim odaklı bir yayıncılık anlayışı bu
alana egemen olmaktadır. 

References

  • Albarran, Alan B. (2004) Media Economics. (in) The Sage Handbook of Media Studies. Eds.: J. D. H. Downings, D. McQuail, P. Schlesinger, E. Wartella (der.) Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications. 291-307. Althusser, Louis (1984) Essays on Ideology, London, Verso. Babe, Robert (1995) Communication and the Transformation of Economics, Colorado, Westview Press. Bagdikian, Ben (2004) The New Media Monopoly, Boston, Beacon Press. Baker, C. Edwin (2007) Media Concentration and Democracy: Why Ownership Matters, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Bettig, R.V. (1996) Copyrighting Culture: The Political Economy of Intellectual Property, Colorado, Westview Press. Caporaso, James A. and Levine, David P. (1992) Theories of Political Economy, New York, Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, Noam and Herman, Edward S. (1988) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media, New York, Pantheon Books. Cristopherson, Susan and Storper, Michael (1989) “The Effects of Flexible Specialization on Industrial Politics and Labour Market: The Motion Picture Industry”. Industrial and Labour Relations Review, C: 42, No:3, s. 331-347. Dawson, Michael and Foster, John Bellamy (1996) “Virtual Capitalism: The Political Economy of the Information Highway”, Monthly Review, C. 4, No: 3, s. 40-48. Dennis, Everette and Merrill, John C. (2002) Media Debates: Great Issues fort he Digital Age, Belmond-Wadsworth, Thomson Learning. Durand, Jean-Pierre (1995) Marx’ın Sosyolojisi, Ali Aktaş (çev.), İstanbul, Birikim. Erdoğan, İrfan (1994) “Uluslararası İletişim Düzeninde Beyinlerimiz Nasıl Sömürülüyor?”, Bilim ve Ütopya, Eylül. C.3, s. 4-6. Friedman, Milton (1962) Capitalism and Freedom, Charlottesville, Virginia University Press. Gandy Jr., Oscar (1992) “The Political Economy Approach: A Critical Challenge”, The Journal of Media Economics, Summer, s. 23-42. Guo, Z. S. (2001) “To Each According to Niche: Analyzing the Poltitical and Economic Origins for A Structural Segregation in Chinese Press”, Journal of Media Economics, C. 14, No:1, s.15-30. Hall, Stuart (1999) “Kültür, Medya ve İdeolojik Etki”, Medya, İktidar ve İdeoloji, Mehmet Küçük (der. ve çev.), Ankara: Ark, s. 199-243. Harvey, David (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Horwitz, Robert Britt (1989) The Irony of Regulatory Reform: The Deregulation of American Telecommunications, New York, Oxford University Press. Jessop, Bob (1990) State Theory: Putting the Capitalist State in its Place, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania University Press. Li, Zhenfang (2003) “A Review on the Study of Media Economics”, China-USA Business Review (Journal), C. 2, No: 1, s.26-32. McChesney, Robert W. (2000) “The Political Economy of Communication and the Future of the Field” Media Culture and Society, C. 22, No: 1, s.109-116. McChesney, Robert W. (2000) “Journalism, Democracy and Class Struggle”, Monthly Review, C.52, No: 6, s.11-28. Milliband, Ralph (1969) The State in Capitalist Society, New York, Basic Books. Mosco, Vincent (1996) The Political Economy of Communication, London, Sage Publications. Murdock, Graham (1980) “Class, Power and the Press: Problem of Conceptualisation and Evidence”, The Sociology of Journalism, and the Press, H. Christion (der.), London, GBJH Brookers (Printers) Ltd, s. 37-60. Murdock, Graham (1978) “Blindspots about Western Marxism: A Reply to Dallas Smythe”, Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory, C. 2, No: 2, s.109-119. Neuman, W. Russel (1992) The Future of the Mass Audience, New York, Cambridge University Press. Poulantzas, Nicos (1969) “The Problem of Capitalist State”, New Left Review, C. 58, s. 69-78. Richeri, Giuseppe (2011) “The Media Amid Enterprises, the Public, and the State: New Challengers for Research”, The Handbook of Political Economy of Communications, Janet Wasko, Graham Murdock and Helena Sousa (der.), Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, s. 129-199. Schiller, Herbert I. (1991) Culture Inc.: The Corporate Takeover of Public Expression, New York, Oxford University Press. Smythe, Dallas W. (1960) “On the Political Economy of Communications”, Journalism Quarterly, C. 37, s. 563-572. Trumka, Richard L. (2011) “A Global New Deal: Making Globalization Work For Labor”, Harvard International Review, C. 33, No: 2, s.42-46. Van Dijk, Tuen A. (1999) “Söylemin Yapıları ve İktidarın Yapıları”, Medya, İktidar ve İdeoloji, Mehmet Küçük (der. ve çev.), Ankara, Ark, s. 331-395.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Levent Yaylagül 0000-0002-8249-204X

Publication Date February 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yaylagül, L. (2019). Eleştirel Ekonomi Politik Perspektiften Devlet ve Medya İlişkisi. Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 134-152.