Uzay Hukuku, Uzayda Güvenlik ve Diplomasi

Year 2024, Issue: 12, 91 - 109, 20.07.2024

Mehmet Erkan Kıllıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.54722/iletisimvediplomasi.1428483

Abstract

Uzay araştırmaları ve devletler arasındaki uzay yarışı 1960’lı yıllarda, dönemin iki büyük devleti olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Sovyetler Birliği arasındaki rekabetin dış uzaya da taşınması ile başlamış ve hızla iki devlet arasındaki rekabetin devam ettiği yeni bir alan hâline gelmiştir. Silahlanma yarışının uzaya da taşınması ihtimali ortaya çıkınca sorunun çözümü için bir orta yol bulunması adına alternatif diyalog kanallarına ihtiyaç duyulmaya başlanmıştır. İşte bu noktada ‘diplomasi’ akla ilk gelen çözüm yollarından birisi olmuştur. Çoğunlukla uluslararası ilişkiler ile birbirinin yerine ikame edilebilen bir terim olan diplomasi için uzay yeni bir alan olmuştur. Devletler arasındaki ilişkiler ve rekabetin uzaya taşınması ile uzay diplomasisi adı verilen yeni bir diplomasi türü de ortaya çıkmıştır. Uzay diplomasinin öncelikli amaçları uzay konusunda Birleşmiş Milletlerin de desteği ile hazırlanan ve imzalanan beş temel antlaşma ile belirlenmiştir. Bu antlaşmalar uzay hukukunun da temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu antlaşmalarla temel çerçevesi çizilen ve vurgu yapılan öncelikli konu ve kavramlar; uzayın tüm insanlığın ortak mirası olduğu (common heritage of mankind) ve uzayda hâkimiyet ve egemenlik iddiasında bulunulmamasının gerektiğidir. Bu sayede uzayın barışçı amaçlarla kullanımı ve uzayın askerîleşmesi ve silahlandırılmasının önlenmesi planlanmıştır. Diyalektik bir yöntem benimsenen bu çalışmada yeni gelişen Uzay Hukuku konusu ve ortaya çıkabilecek güvenlik problemlerine çözüm olabilecek diplomasi ile gelişen ilişkisine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Uluslararası Hukuk, Uzay Hukuku, Diplomasi, Uzay Diplomasisi, Uzayın Askerîleşmesi

Ethical Statement

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Supporting Institution

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Thanks

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Space Law, Security in Space and Diplomacy

Abstract

Space research and the space race between states began in the 1960s, when the rivalry between the two major states of that time, the United States and the Soviet Union, moved to outer space. When the possibility of the arms race in space emerged, alternative dialogue channels needed in order to settle the problem. Space has become a new field for diplomacy, a term that is often mixed with international relations. Diplomacy, which is one of the components that play an important role especially in international relations, appears as a method by which states contact each other, receive information and communicate, especially in crisis situations. With the transfer of competition between states to space, a new type of diplomacy called space diplomacy has emerged. The primary objectives of space diplomacy are determined by five basic agreements on space, prepared and signed with the support of the United Nations. These agreements also form the basis of space law. The fundamental principles highlighted and established by these agreements revolve around the main issues and concepts, namely, the recognition of space as the common heritage of all mankind and the prohibition of claims of sovereignty over space and celestial bodies. The intention is to utilise space for peaceful objectives and to deter the militarization and arming of space. This study employs a dialectical approach to highlight the emerging field of Space Law and its evolving connection with diplomacy as a potential solution to potential security challenges.

Keywords

International Law, Space Law, Diplomacy, Space Diplomacy, Militarization of Space

Project Number

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