Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Riskli Oyunlar: Risk Almaya Değer

Year 2018, Volume: 17 Issue: 4, 1847 - 1860, 01.12.2018

Fatma Yalçın Feyza Tantekin Erden

https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2019.506862

Abstract

Bu çalışmada erken
çocukluk döneminde riskli oyunlara ilişkin yürütülen çalışmalar incelenerek bir
taraması sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu alanyazına bağlı olarak, ayrıca, Türk
erken çocukluk eğitiminde riskli oyunların şu anki durumunun tartışılması ve
değerlendirilmesi de hedeflenmiştir. İlgili çalışmalar birçok dergide
yayınlanan makaleler, birkaç kitap ve rapordan oluşan elektronik kaynaklar kullanılarak
seçilmiştir. ERIC, SCOPUS, ULAKBIM ve Complementary Index dahil olmak üzere,
risk, risk-alma, riskli oyunlar, risk algısı gibi anahtar kelimeler
kullanılarak kapsamlı bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kaynakların
uygunluğu, riskli oyunların tanımı ve kategorileri, riskli oyunların önemi,
öğretmenin riskli oyunlarındaki rolü ve okul yapısının riskli oyunlar üzerine
etkisi gibi önceden belirlenmiş kategorilerden faydalanılarak
değerlendirilmiştir. İlgili çalışmalar anlamlı bir bütün haline getirilmiş,
önceden belirlenen ve araştırma süresince ortaya çıkan bir takım kategorilerden
oluşan bir çerçevede sunulmuştur. 20. Yüzyılın modern toplumlarında çocukların
güvenliğine ilişkin risk algısının giderek artan bir hal aldığı ve aşırı
korumacı aile tutumunun giderek yükselişte olduğu yapılan çalışmalarda sıklıkla
vurgulanmaktadır. Bu nedenle erken çocukluk eğitim kurumlarının riskli oyunlara
yer vermede rolünün daha da arttığı düşünülmektedir. Ancak, riskli oyunların
çocuğun gelişimine en üst düzeyde katkı sunabilmesi için öğretmenlerin konuya
ilişkin bilinç düzeyinin hizmet içi ve hizmet öncesi eğitimlerle arttırılması,
daha etkin bir gözlem için öğrenci-öğretmen oranının alanyazın uygun seviyelere
çekilmesi ve dış mekân oyun alanlarının çocukların gelişim ve ihtiyaçları göz
önünde bulundurularak yeniden düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Oyun, Dış Mekân Oyunları, Riskli oyun

Risky Play in Early Childhood Education: A Risk Worth Taking

Abstract

This
paper aimed to present a literature review, examine relevant studies and
present their common aims and findings. Based on this review, the study also
intended to discuss and evaluate the current status of risky play in Turkish
early childhood education. The literature was chosen through online sources, including
several books, reports and many articles in the journals. A comprehensive
research was conducted through data bases including ERIC, SCOPUS, ULAKBIM and
Complementary Index using the key words such as; risk, risk taking, risky play,
risk perception. Sources were evaluated for eligibility based on predetermined
categories such as the
definition and categories of risky play, the value of risky play, and the
effect of teacher interactions and school structure on risky play. The relevant
studies were summarized using a template based on the predetermined categories
and additional categories that emerged in the review process. In reviewed
studies, it was frequently stated that over protective parenting style and a
rise in risk anxiety related to children’s safety are common characteristics in
modern society during the 19^th and the 20^th century. At
that point, the key role of early childhood institutions in provision of risky
play for children comes into question. However, there should be some
regulations in schools in order to balance risk and safety. For instance, the
staff–child ratio should be decreased to ensure active and appropriate
supervision. Similarly, outdoor playgrounds should be improved to eliminate
possibilities for negative risk-taking behaviors because of insufficient
challenges or boredom. More natural elements could be included to increase the
opportunities for risky play or the teacher might carry out outdoor play
sessions in natural surroundings such as forests or woodland.

Keywords

Play, Outdoor Play, Risky Play

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