Malik an-Nuḥāt al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi And Its Place in the Arabic Language

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 279 - 302, 30.06.2023

Ramazan Özkal

https://doi.org/10.51450/ilmiyat.1258582

Abstract

Arabic is one of the oldest languages in the world. The Arabic language is not just a literary and written language. In addition, religious texts in this language have caused this language to be given special importance. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi b. Abdallah b. Nīzār b. Abî Ḥasan gave more importance to Arabic language studies. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi also has studies on different disciplines, such as Recitation and Fiqḥ. However, in terms of Arabic language studies, it has produced more advanced and significant studies compared to other religious sciences. He was nicknamed Malik an-Nuḥāt that is, the king of the naḥivists. Despite being such an important figure, it doesn’t seem possible to say that he received the academic attention he deserved. Because none of al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi’s works have survived to the present day. Therefore, we can only learn about his distinguished scholarly personality from the cited sources. The most important of these sources is al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi İbnu'l-Barrī's "al-Masāilu'l-ʻAşru'l-Mutʻibātu ile'l-Ḥaşri is his work. Other sources that allow us to reach al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi's views on the science of grammar are Safaru's-Sa'āde and Safīru'l-İfāde of Alamuddin as-Saḥāvī, Ebū Ḥayyān al-Andalūsī’s Tazkiratu'n-Nuḥāt and as-Suyūtī's (d. 911/1505) al-Aşbāh va'n-Nazāir fi'n-Naḥv. Born in Baghdad in 489/1069, al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi is one of the scholars of the period of Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zangī. In the century when al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi lived, there was also intellectual and scientific activity despite the social and political turmoil caused by the internal turmoil and crusades in the Islamic world. In this century, the Islamic world was experiencing political, social, scientific, and intellectual activity due to internal turmoil and the Crusades. This mobility naturally also reflects on the scientists who do scientific studies. It is seen that nearly forty years have passed with these scientific travels. The end of the hijrī V. century and the VI. century, al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi led a life in constant connection with the teacher, students, and copyright, in short, with science. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi can be considered one of the most talked about scholars about his personality. He is a scholar who loves goodness and stays away from worldly goods. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi is one of the scholars who produced many works on various subjects. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi was a brilliant, knowledgeable, and virtuous person. While the scholars of the time explained his scientific side; They defined him with statements that he was a good grammarian, jurist, and fluent speaker al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi left many works in different branches of science. Most of his works are related to the Arabic language. Among the scholars living in “Damascus” in the source books al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi is also mentioned. Ten of his seventeen known works, and the most important among them, are about the Arabic language. at-Taṣrīf, Kitābu'l-Havī fi'n-Naḥw, Dīvān, al-ʻUmda fi'n-Naḥw, Masāilu'l-ʻAşru'l-Mutʻibātu ila'l-Ḥaşri, al-Muktaṣid fī İlmi't-Taṣrīf, al-Muktaṣid fī't-Taṣrīf, Mukaddima fī'n-Naḥw ve al-Muntaḥāb fî İlmi'n-Naḥw al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi's important works in the field of Arabic language. Confident in Arabic, al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi expressed his opinion even on extremely difficult issues such as Masāilu'l-ʻAşr. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi's own book has not reached us. This situation suggests his works were possibly destroyed or lost during the Crusades. al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi's Arabic language works are lost, and information about his Arabic language other than syntax and poetry could not be reached in the information conveyed in the source works. For this reason, it is sufficient to mention the place of the Arabic language in the fields of syntax and poetry. İbnu'l-Barri's work named "Cavābu Masāili'l-ʻAşr" briefly included his views on the science of naḥw. In light of the information obtained, it is seen that he is not included in any language school and that he has syntax views that go beyond the dominant language understanding. According to the information obtained, he is a poet who uses language very well in terms of verse. Some poems have been transferred from him. The fact that he has a dīvān of poetry indicates that he may have written poetry in different subjects and styles. He deals with the subject of praise of the Prophet in all of his poems quoted in the sources. This shows that his most admired poems are these types of poems. It can also lead us to the conclusion that the praise of the Prophet is prominent in poems in this period. However, All works of al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi's ideas on the Arabic language and other fields. However, there is a need to reveal al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi's ideas on the Arabic language and other fields by scanning all the works. There is a need for more detailed studies in terms of inspecting his un-examined work and revealing its place and views in the world of science.

Keywords

Arabic Language, al-Ḥasan Ṣāfi, Malik an-Nuḥāt, Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zangī

Meliku’n-Nuḥât Ḥasan b. Ṣâfî ve Arap Dilindeki Yeri

Abstract

Arap dili çalışmaları açısından diğer dini ilimlere kıyasla daha ileri ve kayda değer çalışmalar ortaya koymuş olan Hasan b. Sâfî en başta bir Arap dili âlimidir. Kendisinin Meliku’n-Nuḥât (Nahivcilerin Sultanı) olarak lakap alması ve ilim çevresince kabul görmesi bu durumun bir göstergesi niteliğindedir. Ancak onun tüm eserlerinin kayıp olması sebebiyle bu alandaki araştırmacılar tarafından gerekli değeri görememiştir.
489/1069 yılında Bağdat’ta doğan ve h. V. asır sonları ile h. VI. asırda yaşamış olan Hasan b. Sâfî, Nûreddin Mahmud Zengî dönemi ilim adamlarındandır. Şafii mezhebine mensup olan Hasan b. Sâfî yaklaşık kırk yılını ilmi seyahatlerle geçirmiştir. Hasan b. Sâfî yaşamış olduğu bu ilmi hayatın bir meyvesi olarak yazmış olduğu Arap dili eserleriyle Arap dilinde ayrı bir yere sahiptir.
Hasan b. Sâfî (ö. 568/1173) muasırları içerisinde ister orijinal olsun ister olmasın muhtelif konularda çok sayıda eser veren âlimler arasındadır. Bunlardan büyük bir bölümünü Arap diline dair yazdığı eserler teşkil etmektedir. Hasan b. Sâfî ayrıca kaynak kitaplarda Dımeşk’te yaşayan en önemli âlimler arasında zikredilmiştir. Kendisinin bilinen on yedi eserinden on tanesi ve en önemlileri Arap Dili hakkındadır.
Hasan b. Sâfî’nin Arap dilindeki görüşlerini nakleden bir kitabı bize ulaşamamıştır. Ancak kendisinden sonra gelen nahiv âlimleri kendi eserlerinde onun nahiv ilmindeki görüşlerine yer vermişlerdir. Bu eserler aracılığıyla onun nahiv ilmi hakkında bazı görüşleri günümüze kadar ulaşabilmiştir.

Keywords

Arap Dili, Ḥasan b. Ṣâfî, Meliku’n-Nuḥât, Nûreddîn Mahmûd Zengî

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