İslam'da Azınlıkların İnsan Hakları: Irak Örneği

Abstract

Bu makale, azınlıkların insan haklarını (Huquq al-Aqalliyyah) Irak bölgesi bağlamında incelemektedir. Çalışmamızın ilk kısmında, Saddam'ın görev süresi de dâhil olmak üzere, günümüze kadar Irak siyasi tarihinin genel bir seyrini konu edinmektedir. Irak'taki azınlıkların tarihsel ve siyasi koşullarına genel bir bakışın ardından, özellikle Saddam dönemi Şii ve Kürt gruplara yönelik siyasi ayrımcılık ile Saddam sonrası Irak’taki siyasete hâkim unsur Şiilerin, Sünni ve diğer azınlıklara karşı uyguladığı gayri resmi siyasi baskı karşılaştırılmakta ve bunun neticesinde azınlıkları oluşturan toplumlar tarafından bu ayrımcılığa karşı geliştirilen etnik-dini siyasi seferberliğe odaklanılmaktadır. Buna ek olarak makalemiz Irak’taki azınlıkların mevcut durumu ve hakları ile azınlıkların Irak'tan göçlerinin nedenlerini araştırmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma "Batılı" devletlerde kullanıldığı şekliyle azınlıklar hukukunun Irak pratiğindeki zorluklarına işaret etmekte ve bunun sebeplerini tartışmaktadır. Zira Sünni ve Kürtlere yönelik bu gayri resmi baskı Irak’ta DAİŞ denen fanatik Sünni bir grubun ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamış, gayrimüslim azınlıkları İslami terminolojiyi kullanarak 'zimmi' diye nitelendirmiş, böylelikle cinayetlerine meşruiyet sağlamaya çalışmışlardır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında makale, Irak devletinin uyguladığı siyasi ayrımcılık ile DAEŞ’in İslam adına gerçekleştirdiği cinayetleri, çağdaş İslam hukuku perspektifinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• İslam Hukuku
• Irak
• Azınlıklar
• Savaş
• İnsan Hakları

Human Rights of Minorities in Islam: From the Perspective of Iraq

Abstract

This article examines the human rights of minorities (huquq al-aqalliyyah) in the context of the Iraqi region. In the first part of the study, the general course of Iraqi political history, including Saddam's tenure, is discussed. After an overview of the historical and political conditions of minorities in Iraq, the political discrimination against Shiite and Kurdish groups, especially during the Saddam era, and the unofficial political oppression of Shiites on Sunnis, the dominant political element in post-Saddam Iraq, against Sunni and other minorities, are compared. The research also focuses on the ethnoreligious political mobilization developed by societies against this discrimination. In addition, our article explores the current situation and rights of minorities in Iraq and the reasons for their migration from Iraq. In addition, this study points out the difficulties of minority law in Iraqi practice as it is used in "Western" states and discusses the reasons for this. Because this unofficial repression against Sunnis and Kurds paved the way for the emergence of a fanatical Sunni group called ISIS in Iraq, they described non-Muslim minorities as "dhimmis" using Islamic terminology, thus trying to legitimize their murders. From this point of view, the article aims to analyze the political discrimination applied by the Iraqi state and the murders committed by ISIS in the name of Islam from the perspective of contemporary Islamic law.

Keywords

• İslamic Law
• Iraq
• Minorities
• War
• Human Rights

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