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“Ben”i Aramak İçin Bir Yolculuk: Şebüsterî’nin Gülşen-i Râz’ında “Ben” Kavramı

Year 2023, Issue: 59, 1 - 11, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2023.22270

Abstract

“Ben” kimdir ya da nedir? “Ben” ruhu mu, bedeni mi yahut bunlardan başka bir şeyi mi ifade eder? Bu çalışma, İranlı mutasavvıf Maḥmûd Şebüsterî’nin Gülşen-i Râz’daki “benlik” kavramını açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Şebüsterî’nin bazı şârihleri - örneğin Lâhîjî - tam bir açıklama yapmadan “benliğin belirlenmiş (mutaʿayyan) Mutlak Hakikat” olduğunu savunur. Bu makale, şerhler, ikincil kaynaklar ve İslam düşüncesi bağlamında Gülşen’i inceleyerek ve bu çerçevede ortaya ıkan karşıt yorumlar ve öne çıkan yorumların nedenlerini sunarak Şebüsterî’nin benlik anlayışını sergilemektedir. Gülşen’de benlik ne ruhtur ne de beden. O, Hakk’ın, sonsuz, tekrarlanmayan tecellilerinden bir tecellidir. Bu çalışma, Benin insanın ʿa’yân-ı sâbite olduğunu ve bununla bağlantılı olarak benin istidadının sonsuz mahiyetini ortaya koyar, bu döngü benin sonsuz yönelimini insâni kâmil olması çerçevesinde ele alır. Benlik şeyleştirilmemiştir (yani, belirli bir içeriği veya biçimi yoktur) veya tam olarak bilinemez; her an değişir; o anın sürekli değişen “ben”idir. Şebüsterî’nin metafiziği, modern insanın kendi benliğinin ilahi kaynaklı olduğunu idrak etmesine yardımcı olur ve ona Allah’ın tecellisi olması hasebiyle, kâinatı ve içindekileri anlamlandırma noktasında çok yönlü bir bakış açısı kazandırır.

References

  • Apaydın, Yasin. Tabatabaî’de Varlık Felsefesi. ed. Sedat Baran. Istanbul: Önsöz Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Barzegar Khaleqi, Muḥammad Reza. Rāzhāyī Az Gulshan-i Rāz. Tehran: Zawwar Publications, 2019.
  • Ermiş, Fatih. “Bin Altınlık Hazine: Gülşen-i Râz Önemi, Hakkındaki Literatür, Ele Aldığı Belli Başlı Konular”. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi 15/30 (2017), 155–180.
  • Hadot, Pierre. Plotinus or the Simplicity of Vision. trans. Michael Chase. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998.
  • Ḥusseinī Ṭehrānī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥussein. Mehr-i Tābān. Mashhad: Mashhad University Press, 8th Edition, 2005.
  • Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad. al-Risālat al-Wujūdiyyah. Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah, 2004.
  • Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad. Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. Critical ed. Samad Muwahhid. trans. Muḥammad Ali Muwahhid. Tehran: Nashr Karnameh Publications, 1427/2006.
  • Ibn Turka Iṣfahānī, Ṣāʾin al-Dīn. Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Kazem Dezfoulian. Tehran: Afarinesh Publications, 1996.
  • Jaʿfarī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Taqī. ʿIrfān-i Islāmī. ed. Abd Allah Nasri. Tehran: Islamic Culture Broadcasting Institute, 2022.
  • Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Aḥmad. Naqd al-nuṣūṣ fi sharḥ-i naqsh al-fuṣūṣ. Critical ed. William Chittick. Tehran: The Institute for Cultural Studies of Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, 2nd Edition, 1992/1412.
  • Lāhījī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad. Mafātīḥ Al-Iʿjāz fī Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Muḥammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi - Effat Karbasi. Tehran: Zawwar Publications, 2016.
  • Narāqī, Mullā Aḥmad. Miʿrāj al-saʿādah. Mashhad: Beh Nashr Publications, 2012.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein et al. The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2015.
  • O’Brien, Elmer. The Essential Plotinus. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1964.
  • Plotinus. Plotinus: The Enneads. ed. Lloyd P. Gerson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  • Rabbānī-Golpāyegānī, ʿAlī. Iḍāḥ al-ḥikmah. 4 Volumes. Qum: The Global Center for the Islamic Studies, 1992. Rahbari Ghazani, Rasoul. The Oneness of Being in Ibn ‘Arabī and Plotinus. ed. Asım Kaya. Ankara: Eskiyeni Publications, 2022.
  • Rūmī, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkī. Kulliyyāt-i Shams Tabrīzī. Tehran: Doostaan Publications, 7th Edition, 2020.
  • Rūmī, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkī. Mathnawī Maʿnawī. Tehran: Payam Edalat, 11th Edition, 2021.
  • Rūmī, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkī. Sharḥ-i Jāmeʿ-i Mathnawī Maʿnawī (Daftar-i Awwal). 7 Volumes. Critical ed. Karim Zamani. Tehran: Ettelaat Publications, 55th Edition, 1442/2021.
  • Sabziwārī Khorāsānī, Mullā Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Parviz Abbasi Dakani. Tehran: Ilm Publications, 2008.
  • Sadafi, Mahdi – Hosseini Shahroudi, Morteza. “Chegūnegī-i Aʿyān-i Thābitah Dar Fanāʾ-i Dhātī: Barrasī-i Munāẓere-i ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī Wa ʿAllāmah Ṭehrānī”. Esra Hikmat 4/18 (2014), 125-149.
  • Shabistarī, Sʿad al-Dīn Maḥmūd. Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Muḥammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi. Tehran: Zawwar Publications, 2017.
  • Shabistarī, Sʿad al-Dīn Maḥmūd. Matn Wa Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. Critical ed. Kazem Dezfoulian. Tehran: Talaye Publications, 3rd Edition. 1431/2010.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Bidāyat al-ḥikmah. Lebanon: Dār al-Taʿāruf lil-Maṭbuʿāt, 2011.
  • Yasrebi, Seyyed Yahya. Falsafa-i ʿIrfān. Qum: Qum Islamic Preaching Center, 1411.

A Journey in Search of “I”: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz)

Year 2023, Issue: 59, 1 - 11, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2023.22270

Abstract

Who or what is “I”? Does “I” refer to the soul, body, or something else? This paper aims to clarify the Iranian Sufi Maḥmūd Shabistarī’s metaphysical account of the self in The Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz). Some of Shabistarī’s commentators-for example, Lāhījī-argue that the “self is the determined Real” without offering a full account. This paper presents Shabistarī’s self by examining Gulshan in the context of commentaries, secondary sources, and Islamic thought and by presenting opposing interpretations and reasons for the most prominent interpretations. In Gulshan, the self is neither the soul nor the body. It is the Real’s determination, a face among the eternally manifesting, unrepeated faces of the Real. This paper argues that the self is the human’s fixed entity (quiddity, ʿayn-i thābitah), whose aptitudes are perpetually unfolding; it is an eternal becoming of the Perfect Man. The self is not reified (i.e., it is of no definite content or form) or fully known; it changes every moment; it is the ever-changing “I” of the moment. Shabistarī’s metaphysics helps the modern person realize that her self is divine; it teaches her that because the world-including humans, animals, and the environment-is God’s manifestation, it deserves care.

References

  • Apaydın, Yasin. Tabatabaî’de Varlık Felsefesi. ed. Sedat Baran. Istanbul: Önsöz Yayıncılık, 2019.
  • Barzegar Khaleqi, Muḥammad Reza. Rāzhāyī Az Gulshan-i Rāz. Tehran: Zawwar Publications, 2019.
  • Ermiş, Fatih. “Bin Altınlık Hazine: Gülşen-i Râz Önemi, Hakkındaki Literatür, Ele Aldığı Belli Başlı Konular”. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi 15/30 (2017), 155–180.
  • Hadot, Pierre. Plotinus or the Simplicity of Vision. trans. Michael Chase. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998.
  • Ḥusseinī Ṭehrānī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥussein. Mehr-i Tābān. Mashhad: Mashhad University Press, 8th Edition, 2005.
  • Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad. al-Risālat al-Wujūdiyyah. Beirut: Dar Al-Kotob Al-ilmiyah, 2004.
  • Ibn ʿArabī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad. Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. Critical ed. Samad Muwahhid. trans. Muḥammad Ali Muwahhid. Tehran: Nashr Karnameh Publications, 1427/2006.
  • Ibn Turka Iṣfahānī, Ṣāʾin al-Dīn. Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Kazem Dezfoulian. Tehran: Afarinesh Publications, 1996.
  • Jaʿfarī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Taqī. ʿIrfān-i Islāmī. ed. Abd Allah Nasri. Tehran: Islamic Culture Broadcasting Institute, 2022.
  • Jāmī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Aḥmad. Naqd al-nuṣūṣ fi sharḥ-i naqsh al-fuṣūṣ. Critical ed. William Chittick. Tehran: The Institute for Cultural Studies of Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, 2nd Edition, 1992/1412.
  • Lāhījī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad. Mafātīḥ Al-Iʿjāz fī Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Muḥammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi - Effat Karbasi. Tehran: Zawwar Publications, 2016.
  • Narāqī, Mullā Aḥmad. Miʿrāj al-saʿādah. Mashhad: Beh Nashr Publications, 2012.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein et al. The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2015.
  • O’Brien, Elmer. The Essential Plotinus. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1964.
  • Plotinus. Plotinus: The Enneads. ed. Lloyd P. Gerson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  • Rabbānī-Golpāyegānī, ʿAlī. Iḍāḥ al-ḥikmah. 4 Volumes. Qum: The Global Center for the Islamic Studies, 1992. Rahbari Ghazani, Rasoul. The Oneness of Being in Ibn ‘Arabī and Plotinus. ed. Asım Kaya. Ankara: Eskiyeni Publications, 2022.
  • Rūmī, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkī. Kulliyyāt-i Shams Tabrīzī. Tehran: Doostaan Publications, 7th Edition, 2020.
  • Rūmī, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkī. Mathnawī Maʿnawī. Tehran: Payam Edalat, 11th Edition, 2021.
  • Rūmī, Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Balkī. Sharḥ-i Jāmeʿ-i Mathnawī Maʿnawī (Daftar-i Awwal). 7 Volumes. Critical ed. Karim Zamani. Tehran: Ettelaat Publications, 55th Edition, 1442/2021.
  • Sabziwārī Khorāsānī, Mullā Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Parviz Abbasi Dakani. Tehran: Ilm Publications, 2008.
  • Sadafi, Mahdi – Hosseini Shahroudi, Morteza. “Chegūnegī-i Aʿyān-i Thābitah Dar Fanāʾ-i Dhātī: Barrasī-i Munāẓere-i ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī Wa ʿAllāmah Ṭehrānī”. Esra Hikmat 4/18 (2014), 125-149.
  • Shabistarī, Sʿad al-Dīn Maḥmūd. Gulshan-i Rāz. ed. Muḥammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi. Tehran: Zawwar Publications, 2017.
  • Shabistarī, Sʿad al-Dīn Maḥmūd. Matn Wa Sharḥ-i Gulshan-i Rāz. Critical ed. Kazem Dezfoulian. Tehran: Talaye Publications, 3rd Edition. 1431/2010.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Bidāyat al-ḥikmah. Lebanon: Dār al-Taʿāruf lil-Maṭbuʿāt, 2011.
  • Yasrebi, Seyyed Yahya. Falsafa-i ʿIrfān. Qum: Qum Islamic Preaching Center, 1411.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Rasoul Rahbarı Ghazanı

Saliha Uysal This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 59

Cite

APA Rahbarı Ghazanı, R., & Uysal, S. (2023). A Journey in Search of “I”: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz). İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi(59), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2023.22270
AMA Rahbarı Ghazanı R, Uysal S. A Journey in Search of “I”: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz). ilted. June 2023;(59):1-11. doi:10.5152/ilted.2023.22270
Chicago Rahbarı Ghazanı, Rasoul, and Saliha Uysal. “A Journey in Search of ‘I’: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-I Rāz)”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, no. 59 (June 2023): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2023.22270.
EndNote Rahbarı Ghazanı R, Uysal S (June 1, 2023) A Journey in Search of “I”: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz). İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 59 1–11.
IEEE R. Rahbarı Ghazanı and S. Uysal, “A Journey in Search of ‘I’: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz)”, ilted, no. 59, pp. 1–11, June 2023, doi: 10.5152/ilted.2023.22270.
ISNAD Rahbarı Ghazanı, Rasoul - Uysal, Saliha. “A Journey in Search of ‘I’: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-I Rāz)”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 59 (June 2023), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5152/ilted.2023.22270.
JAMA Rahbarı Ghazanı R, Uysal S. A Journey in Search of “I”: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz). ilted. 2023;:1–11.
MLA Rahbarı Ghazanı, Rasoul and Saliha Uysal. “A Journey in Search of ‘I’: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-I Rāz)”. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, no. 59, 2023, pp. 1-11, doi:10.5152/ilted.2023.22270.
Vancouver Rahbarı Ghazanı R, Uysal S. A Journey in Search of “I”: The Self in Shabistarī’s Rose Garden of Mystery (Gulshan-i Rāz). ilted. 2023(59):1-11.