Islamic Movements in Great Britain

Abstract

In this paper, the Muslim presence in Great Britain is examined, beginning with some historical facts about Islam in that country. In the introductory section, some information such as, how Britain received the news of Islam, the establishment of socio-economic relations with the Ottoman State, how first Muslim migration to Britain happened and which regions and cities they settled down, and demographic data, is given. It is then considered how Islam has been institutionalised in Britain as an important aspect of the Muslim Diaspora in the West. Having provided some statistics about the number of Muslims in Britain and Islamic institutions, I align current representatives of Muslim movements and groups not only from the Middle East but also from the Indian Subcontinent. They are, namely, Deobandi, Tabligh-i Jama’at, Barelwi, Jama’ati Islami, Salafiyya (including Hizbu’t-Tahrir and al-Muhajirun) and Shi’a groups. Having dealt with the historical information about these groups and their affiliations in Britain, the article ends with an evaluation of Islam in Britain and the communication that took place between the British government and these groups through the medium of some national level umbrella organizations.

 

Keywords

• Islam; Great Britain; Islamic Movements; Sunni; Shi’a

BÜYÜK BRİTANYA’DAKİ İSLÂMÎ AKIMLAR

Öz

Bu çalışma, Büyük Britanya’daki Müslüman varlığını incelemeye İslam ve Britanya arasındaki tarihsel ilişkiye dair bazı bilgiler vererek başlar. Büyük Britanya’nın İslam dininden haberdar olması, Osmanlı devleti ile sosyo-ekonomik ilişkilerin kurulması, ilk Müslüman göçlerin hangi gaye ile gerçekleştiği, hangi şehir ve bölgelere yerleştikleri ve demografik bilgilerle makalenin giriş kısmı oluşmaktadır. Devamında Batı’daki Müslüman göçünün bir parçası olarak İslam’ın Britanya’da nasıl kurumsallaştığı üzerinde durulur. Çalışmada Britanya’daki Müslümanların sayısı ve İslâmî kurumlar hakkında bazı istatistiksel bilgiler verildikten sonra, hem Ortadoğu hem de Hint alt kıtasından Britanya’ya gelmiş olan Müslüman cemaat ve hareketler sıralanır. Bu gruplar hem sünnî (Deobandi, Tebliğ Cemaati, Barelvî, Cema’at-î İslâmî ve Hizbu’t-Tahrir, el-Muhacirun gibi radikal grupları da içine alan Selefîyye hareketi) hem de şiîlerden oluşmaktadır. Mezkûr akımların Hint alt kıtası ve Ortadoğu’da nasıl ortaya çıktıkları ve geliştikleri ile bilgiler verildikten sonra bu akımların Britanya’daki yapılanmaları tasvir edici bir tarzda ele alınmaktadır.  Son olarak makale, İslam’ın Britanya’da genel anlamda temsilinin ve yukarıda zikredilen grupların ulusal düzeyde bazı şemsiye organizasyonlar aracılığıyla Britanya hükümeti ile iletişim kurma sürecinin değerlendirilmesiyle sona erer.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İslam; Büyük Britanya; İslamî Akımlar; Sünnî; Şiî

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