ULUSLARARASI SAĞLIK POLITIKASINDAN KÜRESEL SAĞLIK POLITIKASINA GEÇIŞ: AKTÖRLER, ÇERÇEVELER VE ZORLUKLAR

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 10, 277 - 294, 15.07.2022

Arda Güçler

https://doi.org/10.53791/imgelem.995751

Abstract

Son yirmi yıldır, özellikle küreselleşmenin hız kazanması ile birlikte, küresel sağlık alanındaki aktörlerin sayısı da çoğalmıştır. Böylece ulus devlet odaklı işleyen uluslararası sağlık yönetiminin (IHG) yerini, sivil toplum örgütlerini ve şirketleri bünyesine katmayı başaran küresel sağlık yönetimi (GHG) almıştır. Bu çalışma IHG modelinden GHG modeline yapılan bu geçişi farklı yönleriyle ele alacaktır. İlk olarak bu değişimin tarihsel arka planına ışık tutacak, sonra da bu iki modeli oluşturan aktörlerin rollerini inceleyecektir. Buna bağlı olarak küresel sağlık politikalarda dikey ve yatay modeller arasındaki gerilimi irdeleyecektir. Çalışma son olarak sağlık yönetiminin karşı karşıya olduğu zorlukların altını çizecektir. Bu zorluklar ihmal edilen tropikal hastalıklar (NTD), sağlığın sosyal belirleyicileri (SDH), kamu-özel ortaklıkları (PPP) ve fikri mülkiyet haklarıdır (IPR).

Keywords

küresel sağlık, kamu sağlığı, politika, küreselleşme, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü

THE SHIFT FROM INTERNATIONAL TO GLOBAL HEALTH POLICY: ACTORS, FRAMEWORKS, AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

During the last two decades, particularly with the acceleration of globalization, there has been a proliferation of new actors in the field of global health. This resulted in a shift from international health governance (IHG) model, which recognizes nation state as the core actor, to global health governance (GHG) model, which incorporates civil society organizations and businesses. This article will explore this shift from IHG to GHG from multiple angles. It will first shed light on the historical origins of this phenomenon and then analyze the role of each actor that constitute these models. This will be followed by an assessment of the tension between vertical and horizontal approaches to global health policy. The article will finally underline the main challenges that are ahead of global health governance. These challenges are neglected tropical diseases (NTD), social determinants of health (SDH), public private partnerships (PPP), and intellectual property rights (IPR).

Keywords

global health, public health, policy, globalization, World Health Organization

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