Yeni Bir Anayasal Denge Oluşturmada Dijital Anayasacılık

Abstract

Dijital teknolojiler toplumu çevrimiçi bir topluma doğru yeniden şekillendirmektedir. İnternet, insan haklarının uygulanması ve teşviki için olmazsa olmaz bir hal almıştır. Ancak dijital teknolojiler, dijital gözetim altyapılarının artması, nefret söyleminin yaygınlaşması, siber zorbalık, siber terörizm ve dezenformasyonun giderek yaygınlaşması gibi insan haklarına saygıyla ilgili bazı çatışmalara da yol açmaktadır. Dijital teknoloji anayasal ekosistemde bazı değişimlere yol açmıştır. Anayasal denge, anayasa hukukunun iki temel işlevine dayanır, temel hakların korunması ve güçler dengesi. Dijital teknoloji, anayasal ekosistemin bir parçası haline gelerek anayasal kurumların/insan haklarının ve dijital teknolojilerin arasında yeni bir denge oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla dijital çağda anayasaların küresel dijital şirketlerle nasıl işlediği, özel şirketlerin baskın rolü, keyfi gücün sınırlandırılması ve temel hakların nasıl korunacağı önemlidir. Dijital anayasacılık, hukukun üstünlüğü, meşruiyet-temsil ve çözüm ilkeleriyle anayasal itirazları ele alır. Uluslararası insan hakları hukuku sistemi, dijital teknolojiyi anayasacılığın temel bir bileşeni olarak görmektedir ve devletlerin dijital teknolojiyi hem insan haklarını desteklemesi hem de engellemesi açısından düzenlenmesi gerektirmektedir.

Keywords

• Dijital Anayasalcılık
• Anayasal Denge
• İnsan Hakları
• Anayasal Erkler
• Dijital Şirketler

Digital Constitutionalism in Creating a New Constitutional Equilibrium

Abstract

Digital technologies have reshaped society towards an online. The internet is an essential launching pad for implementation and promoting human rights. Yet, digital technologies also create some conflicts with respect for human rights, such as the increase of digital surveillance infrastructures, dissemination of hate speech, cyberbullying, cyber terrorism and the growing spread of disinformation. Digital technology makes some changes in the constitutional ecosystem. Constitutional equilibrium relies on two basic functions of constitutional law: protecting fundamental rights and balancing powers. Digital technology adopts its nature into a constitutional ecosystem, creating a new equilibrium between constitutional institutions/human rights and digital technology. Therefore, how do constitutions in the digital age work with global digital companies? The dominant role of private companies is to limit arbitrary power and protect fundamental rights. Digital constitutionalism deals with constitutional challenges with the principles of the rule of law, legitimacy-representation, and remedies. The international human rights law system considers digital technology a drastic component of constitutionalism, which requires states to regulate digital technology on both counts of supporting and hindering human rights.

Keywords

• Digital Constitutionalism
• Constitutional Equilibrium
• Human Rights
• Constitutional Powers
• Digital Companies

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