Yeşil Örgütsel Davranış Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Year 2019, Issue: 86, 1 - 23, 31.05.2019

Ali Erbaşı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, çalışanların yeşil örgütsel davranışlarını ölçmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Schwab (1980) tarafından önerilen üç aşamalı ölçek geliştirme süreci (önerme havuzu oluşturulması, ölçeğin yapılandırılması, ölçeğin değerlendirilmesi) takip edilmiştir. Konya Müstakil Sanayici ve İş Adamları Derneği (MÜSİAD) üyesi farklı işletmelerdeki 50 yönetici ve 100 çalışan ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlardan elde edilen verilerin içerik analizi sonucunda 102 maddelik önerme havuzu oluşturulmuştur. İkinci aşamada ölçeğin yapılandırılması için öncelikle görünüş geçerliği ve kapsam geçerliği için uzman görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Yapılan elemeler sonucunda elde edilen 40 maddelik taslak ölçek, pilot çalışma için 20 çalışana uygulanmış ve ölçekte yer alan bazı maddelerde anlam bakımından bazı düzeltmeler yapılmıştır. Sonrasında anketler araştırmanın örneklemi olan Konya MÜSİAD üyesi farklı işletmelerdeki 500 çalışana Mart 2018’de uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 21 ve Amos 21 programlarında çözümlenmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre, yapı geçerliği sağlanmış olan 27 madde ve 5 faktörden oluşan bir model ortaya çıkmıştır. Ölçeği oluşturan faktörler; çevresel duyarlılık, çevresel katılım, ekonomik duyarlılık, yeşil satın alma, teknolojik duyarlılık olarak etiketlendirilmiştir. 5 faktörlü yapının doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulaması yapılmış ve ölçeğin kabul edilebilir düzeylerde uyuma sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenilirliği için faktörlerde sırasıyla .813, .766, .710, .724 ve .701, ölçeğin tamamı için .818 cronbach alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçta geliştirilen ölçek modelinin (yeşil örgütsel davranış ölçeğinin) kuramsal ve istatistiksel olarak uygun olduğu, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Yeşil örgütsel davranış, Ölçek geliştirme, Önerme havuzu, Ölçek yapılandırma, Ölçek değerlendirme

Green Organizational Behavior Scale: A Study in Scale Development

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure employees’ green organizational behavior. A three-stage scale development process (item development, scale development, scale evaluation) proposed by Schwab (1980) was followed. Items were formed as a result of the content analysis of the data obtained as a result of the semi-structured interview method with 50 managers and 100 employees in different enterprises of Konya Independent Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association (MUSIAD) and 102 items were included here. In order to scale development in the second stage, first of all, expert opinions were consulted for appearance validity and scope validity. The 40-item Green Organizational Behavior Scale which was obtained as a result of the screening, was applied to 20 employees for the pilot study and some amendments were made to some items in the scale. After that, the surveys were carried out in March 2018 with the participation of 500 employees from different enterprises in Konya MUSIAD, the sample of the research. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21 and Amos 21 programs. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, a model consisting of 27 items and 5 factors has emerged. Factors forming the scale are labeled as environmental sensitivity, environmental participation, economic sensitivity, green purchasing, technological sensitivity. The 5-factor structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the scale was found to be acceptable levels of compliance. For the reliability of the scale, cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was determined as respectively .813, .766, .710, .724 and for the whole scale .701. As a result, it was seen that the scale model (green organizational behavior scale) was a theoretical and statistically suitable, valid and reliable measurement tool.

Keywords

Green organizational behavior, Scale development, Item development, Scale evaluation

References

• Araujo, F.F. (2014). Do I Look Good in Green? A Conceptual Framework Integrating Employee Green Behavior, İmpression Management, and Social Norms, Organizations and Sustainability, 3(2), 7-23.
• Anderson, L., Jackson, S., & Russell, S. (2013). Greening Organizational Behavior: An Introduction to the Special Issue, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 151-155.
• Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty Years After Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A New Meta-Analysis of Psycho-Social Determinants of Pro-environmental Behaviour, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27, 14-25.
• Bartlett, M.S. (1950). Tests of Significance in Factor Analysis, British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 3(2), 77-85.
• Bissing-Olson, M., Iyer, A., Fielding, S., & Zacher, H. (2013). Relationships Between Daily Affect and Pro-environmental Behavior at Work: The Moderating Role of Pro-environmental Attitude, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 156-175.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Cantor, D. E., Morrow, P. C., & Montabon, F. (2012). Engagement in Environmental Behaviors Among Supply Chain Management Employees: An Organizational Support Theoretical Perspective, Journal of Supply Chain Management, 48, 33-51.
• Chou, C. J. (2014). Hotels’ Environmental Policies and Employee Personal Enviromental Beliefs: İnteractions and Outcomes, Tourism Management, 40, 436-446.
• Clark, C. F., Kotchen, M. J., & Moore, M. R. (2003). Internal and External Influences on Pro-Environmental Behavior: Participation in a Green Electricity Program, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 237-246.
• Ciocirlan, C. E. (2017). Enviromental Workplace Behaviors: Definition Matters, Organizations and Environment, 30(1), 51-70.
• Comrey, A.L., & Lee, H.B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis, 2. Baskı, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, New Jersey.
• De Groot, J., & Steg, L. (2008). Value Orientations to Explain Beliefs Related to Environmental Significant Behavior: How to Measure Egoistic, Altruistic, and Biospheric Value Orientations, Environment and Behavior, 40, 330-354.
• Dietz, T., Stern, P.C., & Guagnano G.A. (1998). Social Structural and Social Psychological Bases of Environmental Concern, Environment and Behavior, 30, 450-471.
• Dono, J., Webb, J., & Richardson, B. (2009). The Relationship Between Environmental Activism, Pro-Environmental Behaviour and Social İdentity, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 178-186.
• Erbaşı, A., ve Özalp, Ö. (2016). Çevre Tutkusu ve Yeşil Örgütsel Davranışın Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi, Eurasian Business and Economics Journal, 2, 297-306.
• Erdemir, E. (2007). İşe Almada Aday Odaklılık: Kavramsal Çerçeve ve Ölçek Geliştirme, Doktora Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
• Graves, L. M., Sarkis, J., & Zhu, Q. (2013). How Transformational Leadership and Employee Motivation Combine to Predict Employee Pro-environmental Behaviors in China, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 81-91.
• Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A Brief Tutorial on the Development of Measures for Use in Survey Questionnaires, Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), 104-121.
• Homburg, A., & Stolberg, A. (2006). Explaining Pro-environmental Behavior with a Cognition Theory of Stress, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26, 1-14.
• Kaya, M. F. (2013). Sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması, Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 28, 175-193.
• Kane, A. (2011). Green Recruitment, Development and Engagement. Going green: the pyschology of sustainability in the workplace, Bartlett, D. (Ed.). The British Psychology Society, Leicester-UK.
• Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the Gap: Why Do People Act Environmentally and What are the Barriers to Pro-environmental Behaviour?, Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239-260.
• Lee, Y.J., De Young, R., & Marans, R.W. (1995). Factors İnfluencing İndividual Recycling Behavior in Office Settings: A Study of Office Workers in Taiwan, Environment and Behavior, 27(3), 380-403.
• Mesmer-Magnus, J., Viswesvaran, C., & Wiernik, B.M. (2012). The Role of Commitment in Bridging the Gap between Organizational Sustainability and Environmental Sustainability. Jackson, S. E., Ones, D.S., and Dilchert, S. (Eds.). Managing HR for Environmental Sustainability.. Jossey- Bass/Wiley, San Francisco, CA.
• Norton, T. A., Parker, S.L., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N.M. (2015). Employee Green Behavior: A Theoretical Framework, Multilevel Review, and Future Research Agenda, Organization and Environment, 28, 103-125.
• Nordlund, A. M., & Garvill, J. (2002). Value Structures Behind Pro-environmental Behavior, Environment and Behavior, 34, 740-756.
• Ones, D. S., & Dilchert, S. (2012). Environmental Sustainability at Work: A Call to Action, Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 5, 444-466.
• Paillé, P., & Boiral, O. (2013). Pro-environmental Behavior at Work: Construct Validity and Determinants, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 118-128.
• Ramus, C. A., & Steger, U. (2000). The Roles of Supervisory Support Behaviors and Environmental Policy in Employee “Ecoinitiatives” at Leading-edge European Companies, Academy of Management Journal, 43, 605-626.
• Robertson, J. L., 6 Barling, J. (2013). Greening organizations through leaders’ Influence on employees’ pro-environmental behaviors, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 176-194.
• Schwab, D. P. (1980). Construct Validity in Organizational Behavior, Cummings, L.L. and Staw, B.W. (Eds.). Research in Organizational Behavior, JAI Press. Greenwich CT.
• Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and research agenda, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 309-317.
• Stern, P. C. (2000). Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior, Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424.
• Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Ture, R., & Ganesh, M.P. (2014). Understanding Pro-environmental Behaviours at Workplace: Proposal of a Model, Asia Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 10(2), 137-14.
• Unsworth, K. L., Dmitrieva, A., ve Adriasola, E. (2013). Changing behavior: ıncreasing the effectiveness of workplace interventions in creating pro-environmental behavior change, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(2), 211-229.
• Vallerand, R. J., Salvy, S. J., Mageau, G. A., Elliot, A. J., Denis, P. I., Grouzet, F. M. E., & Blanchard, C. (2007). On the role of passion in performance, Journal of Personality, 75, 505-533.
• Von Borgstede, C., & Biel, A. (2002). Pro-environmental Behavior: Situations Barriers and Concern for the Good at Stake, Goteborg Psychological Reports, 32, 1-10.
• Zibarras, L., & Ballinger, C. (2011). Promoting environmental behaviour in the workplace: A survey of UK organisations, Bartlett, D. (Ed.). Going green: the pyschology of sustainability in the workplace, The British Psychology Society, Leicester-UK.
• Wiener, Y. (1982). Commitment in Organizations: A Normative View. Academy of Management Review, 7(3), 418-428.