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Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 181 - 254, 28.06.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma egemenlik kuramının ayrılmaz parçası haline gelen (nomos empsychos - νόμος ἔμψυχος) yaşayan yasa kavramına odaklanmaktadır. Temelde kavramın ilk örneğine ve bu örnek üzerinden gelişimine ışık tutmaya çalışır. Bunu yaparken çeşitli düşünürlerin kavram tarihine yaptığı katkı ortaya konulmak istenmektedir. Aynı zamanda pek çok fikrin uğradığı bir akıbete bu fikrin de uğradığı başka bir deyişle yaşayan yasa konseptinin de değişmeden ya da zamana ve mekâna direnip mevcut formunu bozmadan kalması mümkün olmamıştır. Çalışmada bu dönüşüm de ele alınacaktır. Kavramın gelişiminde korunan unsurlar ve metamorfoza uğrayan unsurlar okurla paylaşılmıştır. Ayrıca makalede dönemsel ayrıma gidilmiş ve okuru rahatlatmak adına kısa bir soyağacı çalışması ve kavram haritalandırılması da yapılmıştır.

References

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  • Seneca (Terc. Bedia Demiriş), Hoşgörü Üzerine-Ruh Dinginliği Üzerine, 3. Bası, Doğu Batı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
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  • Stertz, Stephen A., “Themistius: A Hellenic Philosopher-Statesman in the Christian Roman Empire”, The Classical Journal, Cilt 71, Sayı 4, 1976, ss. 349-358.
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  • Umur, Ziya, Roma Hukuku, Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1982.
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Origins and Transformation of the Idea of Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος)

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 181 - 254, 28.06.2025

Abstract

This study focuses on the concept of living law (nomos empsychos - νόμος ἔμψυχος), which has become an integral part of the theory of sovereignty. It aims to shed light on the earliest example of this concept and trace its development through that example. In doing so, the study seeks to highlight the contributions of various thinkers to the concept's history. At the same time, it recognizes that the concept of living law, like many others, has not remained static over time. It has evolved, adapting to different historical and spatial contexts. This transformation will also be addressed in the study. Both the elements that have been preserved and those that have undergone significant changes will be presented to the researcher. Furthermore, the article is divided into periods, offering a brief genealogical analysis and concept mapping to provide clarity for the researcher.

References

  • Agamben, Giorgio (Terc. Kemal Atakay), İstisna Hali, Otonom Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2006.
  • Archytas (Terc. André Laks, Glenn W. Most), Early Greek Philosophy Western Greek Thinkers: Vol IV, Ed. André Laks, Glenn W. Most, Harvard University Press, Cambridge & London, 2016.
  • Aristides, P. Aelius (Terc. Charles A. Behr), The Complete Works: Volume II. Orations XVII–LIII, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1981.
  • Aristoteles (Terc. Saffet Babür), Nikomakhos’a Etik, 7. Bası, Bilge Su Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2017.
  • Aristoteles (Terc. Özgüç Orhan), Politika, Pinhan Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2017.
  • Aristotle (Terc. H. Rackham), Problems II: Books XXII-XXXVIII and Rhetorica ad Alexandrum, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1937.
  • Aristotle (Terc. Darcy Wentworth Thompson), Works of Aristotle Volume IV: Historia Animalum, Ed. J. A. Smith, W. D. Ross, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1910.
  • Born, Lester Kruger, “Animate Law in the Republic and the Laws of Cicero”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Cilt 64, 1933.
  • Cengiz, Çevik, “Policraticus’ta Yasanın Efendisi ve Kölesi Olarak Kral”, Felsefi Düşün, Sayı 10, 2010, ss. 26-45.
  • Chesnut, Glenn F., “The Ruler and the Logos in Neopythagorean, Middle Platonic, and Late Stoic Political Philosophy”, Religion (Heidentum: Römische Religion, Allgemeines [Forts.]), Ed. Wolfgang Haase, De Gruyter, Boston, 1978.
  • Chrysostom, John, Homilies on Matthew, 1. 1., https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/200101.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Chrysostom, John, Homily 13 on First Timothy, Timothy 4:11-14, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/230613.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Cicero (Terc. Cengiz Çevik), Devlet Üzerine, 2. Bası, İthaki Yayınları, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Cicero (Terc. Raphael Woolf), On Moral Ends, Ed. Julia Annas, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
  • Cicero (Terc. Cengiz Çevik), Yasalar Üzerine, 4. Bası, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Cicero (Terc. Cengiz Çevik), Yükümlülükler Üzerine, 5. Bası, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2018.
  • Clement, The Stromata, Kitap II, Bölüm IV, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02102.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Clement (Terc. William Wilson), The Writings of Clement of Alexandria, Christian Library, Cilt 4, Clement of Alexandria Cilt 1, T. and T. Clark Edinburgh.
  • Clement, The Writings of Clement of Alexandria, s. 337 ve 338. https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02093.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Douzinas, Costas (Terc. Kasım Akbaş, Umre Deniz Tuna), İnsan Haklarının Sonu, Dipnot Yayınları, Ankara, 2018.
  • Ehrlich, Eugen (Terc. Artun Mimar), Hukuk Sosyolojisinin Temel İlkeleri, Pinhan Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Eryiğit, Abdullah, Yasa-üstü İnsan: Platon’dan Agamben’e Hukuk ve Yasa İkileminde İnsan, Runik Yayınları, İstanbul, 2021.
  • Eusebius of Caesarea (Terc. W. J. Ferrar), Demonstratio Evangelica, 1920, Kitap IV, Bölüm II, https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_de_06_book4.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Farber, J. Joel, “The Cyropaedia and Hellenistic Kingship”, The American Journal of Philology, Cilt 100, Sayı 4, 1979, ss. 497-514.
  • Goodenough, Erwin R., “The Political Philosophy of Hellenistic Kingship”, Yale Classical Studies, Cilt 1, 1928, ss. 55-105.
  • Goodenough, Erwin R., An Introduction to Philo Judaeus. 2. Bası, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1962.
  • Gregory, Nazianzen, Orations, Oration 43.80, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3102.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Hesiodos (Terc. Azra Erhat, Sabahattin Eyüpoğlu), Theogonia & İşler ve Günler, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2016.
  • Horky, Phillip Sidney; Johnson, Monte Ransome, “On Law and Justice: Attributed to Archytas of Tarentum”, Early Greek Ethics, Ed. Phillip Sidney Horky, Monte Ransome Johnson, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2020, ss. 455-490.
  • Horsley, Richard A., “The Law of Nature in Philo and Cicero,” The Harvard Theological Review, Cilt 71, Sayı 1-2, 1978, ss. 35-59.
  • I. Justinian, The Novels of Justinian (Novella), 105, Bölüm II, IV. https://droitromain.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/ (31.10.2024).
  • Inwood, Brad, “Commentary on Striker”, Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy, Cilt 2, Sayı 1, 1986, ss. 95-101.
  • Isocrates (Terc. George Norlin), Areopagiticus Cilt 2, G. P. Putnam’s Sons & New York, William Heinemann Ltd. & London, 1929.
  • Isocrates, To Demonicus, Ed. George Norlin, Section 1.36, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Isoc.+1+36&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0144 (31.10.2024).
  • Kantorowicz, Ernst H. (Terc. Ümit Hüsrev Yolsal), Kralın İki Bedeni Ortaçağ Siyaset Teolojisi Çalışması, Bilge Su Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2018.
  • Klassen, William, “The King as ‘Living Law’ with Particular Reference to Musonius Rufus” Sciences Religieuses / Studies in Religion, Cilt 14, Sayı 1, 1985, ss. 63-71.
  • Lactantius, Divine Institutes, Kitap IV (Of True Wisdom and Religion), Bölüm 25, Of the Advent of Jesus in the Flesh and Spirit, that He Might Be Mediator Between God and Man, https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/07014.htm (31.10.2024).
  • Laertius, Diogenes (Terc. Candan Şentuna), Ünlü Filozofların Yaşamları ve Öğretileri, 3. Bası, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Martens, John W., One God, One Law: Philo of Alexandria on the Mosaic and Greco-Roman Law, Brill Academic Publishers, Boston & Leiden, 2003.
  • Montaigne (Terc. John Florio), Essays, Kitap III, Bölüm XIII, Of Experience, 1603, https://hyperessays.net/florio/book/III/chapter/13/ (31.10.2024).
  • Nelken, David, “Eugen Ehrlich, Living Law, and Plural Legalities”, Theoretical Inquiries in Law, Cilt 9, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 443-471.
  • Okandan, Recai Galip, Umumi Hukuk Tarihi Dersleri, Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1951.
  • Philo (Terc. C. D. Yonge), The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, Hendrickson Publishers, Massachusetts, 1993.
  • Philo (Terc. F. H. Colson), Cilt VI, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, William Heinemann Ltd., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984.
  • Philostratus, Eunapius (Terc. Wilmer Cave Wright), The Lives of the Sophists, William Heinemann, London, 1922.
  • Platon, Devlet, 20. Bası, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2010.
  • Platon (Terc. Furkan Akderin), Devlet Adamı, Say Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011.
  • Platon (Terc. Niyazi Berkes), Sokrates’in Savunması, Çağdaş Matbaacılık Yayıncılık, 1998.
  • Platon (Terc. Ari Çokona), Sokrates’in Savunması: Euthyphron, Apologia, Kriton, Phaidon, 6. Bası, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Platon (Terc. Candan Şentuna, Saffet Babür), Yasalar, 3. Bası, Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2007.
  • Plutarch (Terc. Bernadotta Perrin), The Complete Works of Plutarch, To an uneducated ruler, Delphi Classics, East Sussex, 2013.
  • Roskam, Geert, “How to Date the Timeless? The Difficult Problem of the Pseudo–Pythagorean Treatises On Kingship” Ktèma: Civilisations de l’Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques, Strasbourg, 2020, Les traités néopythagoriciens Sur la royauté, Cilt 45, ss. 125-142.
  • Roskam, Geert, “Some Fresh Air into the Neopythagorean Tradition: The Fragments on Kingship By Diotogenes”, The Cambridge Classical Journal, Cilt 66, ss. 203-220.
  • Rufus, Musonius (Terc. Cora E. Lutz), “Musonius Rufus: The Roman Socrates”, (VII, That Kings Also Should Study Philosophy), Yale Classical Studies, Cilt 10, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1947.
  • Runia, David T., “What is Doxography?”, Ed. Philip J. Van Der Eijk, Ancient Histories of Medicine: Essays In Medical Doxography and Historiography in Classical Antiquity, Brill, Leiden, 1999, ss. 33-57.
  • Russell, Donald, “Anaximenes (2)”, Ed. N. G. L. Hammond, H. H. Scullard, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2. Bası, Ed. N. G. L. Hammond, H. H. Scullard, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1976.
  • Schmitt, Carl (Terc. Emre Zeybekoğlu), Siyasal İlahiyat: Egemenlik Kuramı Üzerine Dört Bölüm, 2. Bası, Dost Kitabevi, Ankara, 2005.
  • Schofield, Malcolm, The Stoic Idea of the City, Chicago Press, Chicago, 1999.
  • Senaca (Terc. C. Cengiz Çevik), Mutlu Yaşam Üzerine ve Yaşamın Kısalığı Üzerine, 2. Bası, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Seneca (Terc. Bedia Demiriş), Hoşgörü Üzerine-Ruh Dinginliği Üzerine, 3. Bası, Doğu Batı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
  • Stertz, Stephen A., “Pseudo-Aristides: ΕΙΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΑ”, The Classical Quarterly, Cilt 29, Sayı 1, 1979, ss. 172-197.
  • Stertz, Stephen A., “Themistius: A Hellenic Philosopher-Statesman in the Christian Roman Empire”, The Classical Journal, Cilt 71, Sayı 4, 1976, ss. 349-358.
  • Thesleff, Holger, “An Introduction to the Pythagorean Writings of the Hellenistic Period”, Acta Academiae Åboensis Humaniora, Cilt 24, Sayı 3, Åbo, 1961.
  • Thesleff, Holger, The Pythagorean Texts of the Hellenistic Period [Pythagorean], Åbo, 1965.
  • Topçuoğlu, Hamide, Hukuk Sosyolojisi: Sosyoloji Açısından Hukuk, 3. Bası, Cezaevi Matbaası, İstanbul, 1969.
  • Tussay, Ákos, A History of the Nomos Empsychos Ideas, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Doctoral School of Law and Political Sciences, Budapest, 2022.
  • Umur, Ziya, Roma Hukuku, Fakülteler Matbaası, İstanbul, 1982.
  • Vatter, Miguel E., Living Law: Jewish Political Theology from Hermann Cohen to
  • Hannah Arendt, Oxford University Press, New York, 2021.
  • Wendland, Paul, “Die Schriftstellerei des Anaximenes von Lampsakos III. Anaximenes’ Rhetorik”, Hermes, Cilt 39, 1904, ss. 499-542.
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There are 77 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdullah Eryiğit 0000-0002-1757-0187

Submission Date October 31, 2024
Acceptance Date December 9, 2024
Publication Date June 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Eryiğit, A. (2025). Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 181-254.
AMA Eryiğit A. Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü. IMUFLR. June 2025;12(1):181-254.
Chicago Eryiğit, Abdullah. “Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri Ve Dönüşümü”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12, no. 1 (June 2025): 181-254.
EndNote Eryiğit A (June 1, 2025) Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 1 181–254.
IEEE A. Eryiğit, “Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü”, IMUFLR, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 181–254, 2025.
ISNAD Eryiğit, Abdullah. “Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri Ve Dönüşümü”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1 (June2025), 181-254.
JAMA Eryiğit A. Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü. IMUFLR. 2025;12:181–254.
MLA Eryiğit, Abdullah. “Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri Ve Dönüşümü”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 1, 2025, pp. 181-54.
Vancouver Eryiğit A. Nomos Empsychos (νόμος ἔμψυχος) Fikrinin Kökenleri ve Dönüşümü. IMUFLR. 2025;12(1):181-254.