Research Article

Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law

Volume: 12 Number: 2 December 31, 2025
TR EN

Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law

Abstract

With the increasing global reliance on the internet, domain names have transformed from basic technical identifiers into valuable digital assets representing identity, brand equity, and commercial value. This transformation has also led to a rise in disputes, particularly when domain names conflict with pre-existing rights such as trademarks, personal names, trade names, or culturally sensitive terms. This article focuses on the legal remedies available in Turkish law for resolving domain name disputes. Although judicial remedies based on grounds such as trademark infringement, unfair competition or the unauthorized use of personal names are available, they are frequently criticized for being procedurally complex, time-consuming and financially burdensome. As an alternative, the study highlights the administrative procedure operated by Dispute Resolution Service Providers (DRSPs), which applies particularly to disputes involving domain names registered under the ".tr" country code top-level domain. These proceedings are conducted online, based solely on written submissions, and typically result in decisions within 45 days, though their scope is limited to cancellation, transfer, or retention of the domain name. The article also analyzes the categories and root causes of domain name conflicts, offering a critical assessment of existing regulations and suggesting both individual and structural preventive strategies. It concludes that the evolving nature of domain name law necessitates ongoing legislative and procedural refinement in Turkey.

Keywords

References

  1. Badgley, Robert, Domain Name Disputes, Aspen Law and Business, New York, 2002.
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  3. Bedord, Jean, I’ve Got a Domain Name-Now What? A Practical Guide to Building a Website and Your Web Presence, Happy About, Silicon Valley, 2008.
  4. Belczyk, Tamarah, “Domain Names: The Special Case of Personal Names”, Boston University Law Review, Volume 82, Issue 25, 2002, pp. 485-523.
  5. Bettinger, Torsten; Waddell, Allegra, Domain Name Law and Practice-an International Handbook, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2015.
  6. Bozbel, Savaş, İnternet Alan Adlarının (Domain Names) Korunmasında ICANN Tahkim Usulü, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2006.
  7. Coull, Scott; White, Andrew; Yen, Ting-Fang; Monrose, Fabian; Reiter, Michael, “Understanding Domain Registration Abuses”, Computers & Security, Volume 31, Issue 7, 2012, pp. 806-815.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Information and Technology Law, Law in Context (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

April 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 12 Number: 2

APA
Karaman Okay, Z. (2025). Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT
AMA
1.Karaman Okay Z. Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. IMUFLR. 2025;12(2):792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT
Chicago
Karaman Okay, Zeliha. 2025. “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.Tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 (2): 792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT.
EndNote
Karaman Okay Z (December 1, 2025) Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 2 792–826.
IEEE
[1]Z. Karaman Okay, “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”, IMUFLR, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 792–826, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT
ISNAD
Karaman Okay, Zeliha. “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.Tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (December 1, 2025): 792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT.
JAMA
1.Karaman Okay Z. Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. IMUFLR. 2025;12:792–826.
MLA
Karaman Okay, Zeliha. “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.Tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 792-26, https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT.
Vancouver
1.Zeliha Karaman Okay. Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. IMUFLR [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;12(2):792-826. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT