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Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law
Abstract
With the increasing global reliance on the internet, domain names have transformed from basic technical identifiers into valuable digital assets representing identity, brand equity, and commercial value. This transformation has also led to a rise in disputes, particularly when domain names conflict with pre-existing rights such as trademarks, personal names, trade names, or culturally sensitive terms. This article focuses on the legal remedies available in Turkish law for resolving domain name disputes. Although judicial remedies based on grounds such as trademark infringement, unfair competition or the unauthorized use of personal names are available, they are frequently criticized for being procedurally complex, time-consuming and financially burdensome. As an alternative, the study highlights the administrative procedure operated by Dispute Resolution Service Providers (DRSPs), which applies particularly to disputes involving domain names registered under the ".tr" country code top-level domain. These proceedings are conducted online, based solely on written submissions, and typically result in decisions within 45 days, though their scope is limited to cancellation, transfer, or retention of the domain name. The article also analyzes the categories and root causes of domain name conflicts, offering a critical assessment of existing regulations and suggesting both individual and structural preventive strategies. It concludes that the evolving nature of domain name law necessitates ongoing legislative and procedural refinement in Turkey.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Information and Technology Law, Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
December 31, 2025
Submission Date
April 13, 2025
Acceptance Date
July 24, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2025 Volume: 12 Number: 2
APA
Karaman Okay, Z. (2025). Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT
AMA
1.Karaman Okay Z. Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. IMUFLR. 2025;12(2):792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT
Chicago
Karaman Okay, Zeliha. 2025. “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.Tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 (2): 792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT.
EndNote
Karaman Okay Z (December 1, 2025) Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 2 792–826.
IEEE
[1]Z. Karaman Okay, “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”, IMUFLR, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 792–826, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT
ISNAD
Karaman Okay, Zeliha. “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.Tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/2 (December 1, 2025): 792-826. https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT.
JAMA
1.Karaman Okay Z. Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. IMUFLR. 2025;12:792–826.
MLA
Karaman Okay, Zeliha. “Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for ‘.Tr’ Domain Names under Turkish Law”. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 792-26, https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT.
Vancouver
1.Zeliha Karaman Okay. Domain Name Disputes and Dispute Resolution Methods for “.tr” Domain Names under Turkish Law. IMUFLR [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;12(2):792-826. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA57XH76KT