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CINEMATIC FUTURES: THE IMPACT OF AI ON THE CINEMATOGRAPHY

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 75 - 94, 30.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1420488

Öz

This article aims to explore the impact of artificial intelligence on cinema, specifically its transformative effects on the art form and contributions to cinematography. Artificial intelligence is expected to accelerate and improve the design process at various stages of film production, from screenwriting software to visual design, editing, music design, scoring, and visual effects. This will help the creative team aesthetically and speed up the film completion process, reducing the film budget. In the near future, it may be inevitable that cinematographers will use artificial intelligence in their creative process. This could include the use of AI to assist the aesthetics and methods established at the scripting stage, and composition, lighting, colour correction. This situation raises serious concerns about the artist's approach.
This study aims to show how cinematographers can benefit from AI technology using the film The Announcement (2017) by director Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun as an example. The method of the study was determined as descriptive content analysis from qualitative research techniques. Since the cinematographic contribution of the cinematographer is to be compared with artificial intelligence in the film, a scene in which the art director, costume designer, and makeup artist cannot use their own original interpretation was specifically selected and processed. Since the film is an adaptation of a real story and reflects a real event, the decor, costume, and makeup really need to be done in accordance with that time, certain scenes of the film were selected and focused on the cinematographer's interpretation, and an attempt was made to recreate and evaluate the same scene using codes written for artificial intelligence.

Kaynakça

  • (2016, June). Retrieved on December 29, 2022 from https://www.techtarget.com/: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/CGI-computer-generated-imagery#:~:text=CGI%20(computer%2Dgenerated%20imagery)%20is%20the%20creation%20of%20still,visual%20content%20with%20imaging%20software.
  • (2017, 6 5). Retrieved on December 2023 from Micro Filmmaker Magazine:https://www.microfilmmaker.com/2017/06/know-your-lights2_tungsten/
  • Aslanyürek, S. (1998). Scenario Theory. Istanbul: Pan Publishing.
  • Aytekin, H., & Eroğlu, İ. (2014). A Promise of Narration: Script. In S. Yıldız, Cinema Language - Those Who Created the White Screen (pp. 15-48). Istanbul: Su Publications.
  • Belamy, E. de. (2018). "Edmond de Belamy." (Portrait produced by AI) Painter: GAN (Generative Adversarial Network), 21.12.2023
  • Bhargava, C., & Sharma, P. K. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology: A Super Convergence. Artificial Intelligence, Fundamentals and Applications (p. 1). in New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Chase, N. (2023, May 19). Artificial Intelligence In Film: Impact & Influence for 2023+. Retrieved on 2023 from https://neilchasefilm.com/
  • Coşkun M.F.. (Dir.). (2017). Announcement [Motion Picture ]. Bir Film Distribution
  • Fisher, R. B. (2001). AI and cinema-does artificial insanity rule? In Twelfth Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, (pp. 1-11).
  • Giarelli, E., & Tulman, L. (2003). Methodological Issues in theUse of Published Cartoons as Data. Qualitative Health Research, 13(7), 945-956.
  • Grove, S. K., Nancy, B., & Jennifer, G. (2012). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. St Louis, MO: Elsevier.
  • Güney, E., & Yavuz, H. (2020, December). The Role of the Artist in Artistic Production Practice with Artificial Intelligence and the Changing Art Phenomenon. Journal of Art and Design, 415-439.
  • Kandemir, Ö., & Ulusoy, G. (2021, July). From White Paper to White Screen: Interior Architecture Virtual Design Studio Experience. Journal of Faculty of Architecture, 3(2), 36-56.
  • Kuss, J., & Schuerholz, T. (2022, November 21). https://www.zeiss.com/. Retrieved on January 25, 2023 from ZEISS Group: https://www.zeiss.com/consumer-products/int/home/content/newsroom/news-overview/2022/zeiss-planar-07-50.html Misek, R. (2010). Chromatic Cinema, A History of Screen Color. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Nowell-Smith, G. (1997). The Oxford History of World Cinema. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • (no date). Retrieved on 11 2023 from http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring11/nats101s13/lecture_notes/light_pollution.html
  • Olgun, C. K. (2008). Content Analysis Technique in Qualitative Research. Sociology Notes, 66-70.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage Publications.
  • Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait 1660 and Portrait of a Young Woman - Rembrandt (1660)
  • Remler, D. K., & Van Ryzin , G. (2014). Research methods in practice : strategies for description and causation. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE .
  • Robotham, T. (2022). Cinematic Storytelling, A Comprehensive Guide for Directors and Cinematographers. UK: Routledge.
  • Schank, R. C. (1987). What is AI, anyway? AI magazine, , 8(4), 59-59.
  • Smith, D. (2023, 03 2023). Of course it's disturbing: will AI change Hollywood forever? Retrieved on 2023 from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/mar/23/ai-change-hollywood-film-industry-concern#:~:text=Pre%2Dproduction%3A%20AI%20can%20can%20be,and%20money%20in%20post%20production.
  • Sözen, M., & Dayı, H. (2013). The Use of Light in Cinema and a Sample Analysis. Erciyes Journal of Communication, 32-49.
  • Turing, A. (2009). Computing Machinery and Intelliggence.
  • Usai, P. C. (1996). THE EARLY YEARS, Origins and Survival. In G. NOWELL-SMITH, The Oxford History of World Cinema (p. 33). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Visual Memory. (2022). Retrieved on 12 12, 2022 from http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/

SİNEMATİK GELECEKLER: YAPAY ZEKANIN SİNEMATOGRAFİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 75 - 94, 30.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1420488

Öz

Bu çalışma, yapay zekânın (YZ) sinematografi alanındaki etkisini ve ortaya çıkan sanatın kimliğini ve sinematografik anlamdaki katkısını incelemek amacındadır. Yapay Zekâ ile senaryonun yazılım aşamasından, görsel tasarıma, kurgulanma sürecinden müzik, seslendirme ve hatta görsel efektlerin oluşturulmasında önemli ölçüde hızlanma ve tasarım desteği vermesi beklenmektedir. Bu, hem estetik olarak yaratıcı ekibe destek verecek hem filmin tamamlanma sürecini hızlandıracak dolayısıyla filmin bütçesini düşürecektir. Görüntü yönetmeninin, yapay zekâ yardımıyla filmi senaryo aşamasında belirlediği estetik ve yöntemle kompozisyon, ışıklandırma, renk düzeltme hatta yapay zekâ yardımıyla tamamlanmış görsel efektler ile ilham verici yaklaşımlarda bulunması ve bunları kullanması yakın dönemde kaçınılmaz bir süreç oluşturabilir. Bu durumun beraberinde getirdiği soruların, sanatçı kavramıyla ilgili ciddi endişeler uyandırabileceği aşikârdır.
Çalışmada, sinematografın veya başka bir deyişle görüntü yönetmeninin yapay zekâ teknolojisinden nasıl faydalandığı, yönetmenliğini Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun’un yaptığı 2017 yapımı Anons filmi ile örneklendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi, nitel araştırma tekniklerinden betimleyici içerik analizi olarak belirlenmiştir. Ele alınan filmde özellikle görüntü yönetiminin sinematografik katkısının yapay zekâyla karşılaştırılacak olmasından dolayı; sanat yönetmeni, kostüm tasarımcısı ve makyözün kendi özgün yorumunu kullanamadığı bir sahne özellikle seçilerek işlenmiştir. Yönetmenliğini Mahmut Fazıl Coşkun’un yaptığı Anons (2017) filminin, gerçek bir hikâyeden uyarlama olması, gerçek bir olayı yansıtması nedeniyle dekor, kostüm ve makyajın gerçekten o döneme uygun yapılması gereğinden, filmi belirli sahneleri seçilerek görüntü yönetmeninin yorumlamasına odaklanılmış ve aynı sahne yapay zekâya yazılan kodlarla yeniden yaratım sürecinde birbirleriyle değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, yapay zekânın sanat ve sanatçı bakımından yorumlanmasına çalışılmış ve devam eden süreçte yapay zekânın sanat ve sanatçıya etkisi tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • (2016, June). Retrieved on December 29, 2022 from https://www.techtarget.com/: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/CGI-computer-generated-imagery#:~:text=CGI%20(computer%2Dgenerated%20imagery)%20is%20the%20creation%20of%20still,visual%20content%20with%20imaging%20software.
  • (2017, 6 5). Retrieved on December 2023 from Micro Filmmaker Magazine:https://www.microfilmmaker.com/2017/06/know-your-lights2_tungsten/
  • Aslanyürek, S. (1998). Scenario Theory. Istanbul: Pan Publishing.
  • Aytekin, H., & Eroğlu, İ. (2014). A Promise of Narration: Script. In S. Yıldız, Cinema Language - Those Who Created the White Screen (pp. 15-48). Istanbul: Su Publications.
  • Belamy, E. de. (2018). "Edmond de Belamy." (Portrait produced by AI) Painter: GAN (Generative Adversarial Network), 21.12.2023
  • Bhargava, C., & Sharma, P. K. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology: A Super Convergence. Artificial Intelligence, Fundamentals and Applications (p. 1). in New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Chase, N. (2023, May 19). Artificial Intelligence In Film: Impact & Influence for 2023+. Retrieved on 2023 from https://neilchasefilm.com/
  • Coşkun M.F.. (Dir.). (2017). Announcement [Motion Picture ]. Bir Film Distribution
  • Fisher, R. B. (2001). AI and cinema-does artificial insanity rule? In Twelfth Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, (pp. 1-11).
  • Giarelli, E., & Tulman, L. (2003). Methodological Issues in theUse of Published Cartoons as Data. Qualitative Health Research, 13(7), 945-956.
  • Grove, S. K., Nancy, B., & Jennifer, G. (2012). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. St Louis, MO: Elsevier.
  • Güney, E., & Yavuz, H. (2020, December). The Role of the Artist in Artistic Production Practice with Artificial Intelligence and the Changing Art Phenomenon. Journal of Art and Design, 415-439.
  • Kandemir, Ö., & Ulusoy, G. (2021, July). From White Paper to White Screen: Interior Architecture Virtual Design Studio Experience. Journal of Faculty of Architecture, 3(2), 36-56.
  • Kuss, J., & Schuerholz, T. (2022, November 21). https://www.zeiss.com/. Retrieved on January 25, 2023 from ZEISS Group: https://www.zeiss.com/consumer-products/int/home/content/newsroom/news-overview/2022/zeiss-planar-07-50.html Misek, R. (2010). Chromatic Cinema, A History of Screen Color. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Nowell-Smith, G. (1997). The Oxford History of World Cinema. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • (no date). Retrieved on 11 2023 from http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks/spring11/nats101s13/lecture_notes/light_pollution.html
  • Olgun, C. K. (2008). Content Analysis Technique in Qualitative Research. Sociology Notes, 66-70.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage Publications.
  • Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait 1660 and Portrait of a Young Woman - Rembrandt (1660)
  • Remler, D. K., & Van Ryzin , G. (2014). Research methods in practice : strategies for description and causation. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE .
  • Robotham, T. (2022). Cinematic Storytelling, A Comprehensive Guide for Directors and Cinematographers. UK: Routledge.
  • Schank, R. C. (1987). What is AI, anyway? AI magazine, , 8(4), 59-59.
  • Smith, D. (2023, 03 2023). Of course it's disturbing: will AI change Hollywood forever? Retrieved on 2023 from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/mar/23/ai-change-hollywood-film-industry-concern#:~:text=Pre%2Dproduction%3A%20AI%20can%20can%20be,and%20money%20in%20post%20production.
  • Sözen, M., & Dayı, H. (2013). The Use of Light in Cinema and a Sample Analysis. Erciyes Journal of Communication, 32-49.
  • Turing, A. (2009). Computing Machinery and Intelliggence.
  • Usai, P. C. (1996). THE EARLY YEARS, Origins and Survival. In G. NOWELL-SMITH, The Oxford History of World Cinema (p. 33). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Visual Memory. (2022). Retrieved on 12 12, 2022 from http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yusuf Aslanyürek 0000-0002-6659-103X

Ersin Aycan 0000-0002-1715-9865

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aslanyürek, Y., & Aycan, E. (2024). CINEMATIC FUTURES: THE IMPACT OF AI ON THE CINEMATOGRAPHY. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 9(1), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1420488