JULIAN BARNES’S BEFORE SHE MET ME AS A STUDY OF LITOST
Abstract
Julian Barnes has always been a novelist of wide interests, and as a novelist he has been fond of experimenting on new themes in a variety of structures which are completely different from one another. In his 1982 novel, Before She Met Me Barnes presents us a black comedy on the theme of sexual jealousy experienced by otherwise a very sensible, normal and successful professor of history. However, this time the past he relentlessly studies and searches is his own wife’s past. As we read the story, mainly focusing on the consciousness of Graham Hendrick, the protagonist, we see that “the times before she met him”, in other words “her past”, start to take hold of the whole present of Graham and turns his life into a nightmare. As a historian he does his research in a most academic precision and rigor and cannot find a cure for his obsession. The novel illustrates how sexual jealousy, the Othello within or our bestial side can capture our sensible, conscious, civilized self and transforms our brain into a blood thirst animal’s brain once libidinal instincts become our main drives. This paper will offer a reading and analysis of this phenomenon from Milan Kundera’s concept of litost which is a state of torment created by the sudden sight of one's own misery, an emotion formed of jealousy, melancholy, pity, ressentiment and revenge.
Keywords
Before She Met Me,Julian Barnes,Milan Kundera,litost,triune brain
References
- Referans 1 Barnes, Julian, (2014), Before She Met Me. London: Vintage Books. Referans 2 Childs, Peter, (2011), Contemporary British Novelists: Julian Barnes. UK: Manchester U.P. Referans 3 Eagleton, Terry, (2010), On Evil. New Heaven & London: Yale U.P. Referans 4 Guignery, Venessa, (2006), The Fiction of Julian Barnes: A Reader’s Guide to Essential Criticism. London: Palgrave. Referans 5 Higdon, David Leon, (1991), “Unconfessed Confessions: The Narrators of Graham Swift and Julian Barnes.” The British and Irish Novel Since 1960. Ed. James Acheson. UK: Macmillan. Referans 6 Holmes, Frederick M. (2009), Julian Barnes. New British Fiction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Referans 7 Kazlev, M. Alan; et al, (2003-10-19), "The Triune Brain.". KHEPER. http://www.kheper.net/topics/intelligence/MacLean.htm Retrieved 2017- 05-04 Referans 8 Kundera, Milan, (1999), The Book of Laughter and Forgetting. Trans. Aaron Asher. New York: Harper Collins. Referans 9 MacGrath, Patrick and Julian Barnes, (1987), “Interview with Julian Barnes”. BOMB. No: 21, pp: 20-23. New Art Publications. Referans 10 Millington, Mark I, and Alison S. Sinclair, (1992), “The Honorable Cuckold: Models of Masculine Defense”. Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 29. No: 1 pp: 1-19. USA: Penn State U.P. Referans 11 Zizek, Slavoj, (2010), Living in the End Times. UK: Verso.