Muş İlinde Covid-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sürecinde Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella ve Sitomegalovirüs Seroprevalansının Karşılaştırılması

Year 2024, , 511 - 520, 20.06.2024

Ayfer Koca , Irmak Icen Taskın

https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1417256

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Muş ilindeki gebelerde Toksoplazma gondii (T. gondii), rubella ve sitomegalovirüs (CMV) seroprevalansını ve avidite testi ile bu etkenlerin primer infeksiyon oranlarını belirlemektir. Ek olarak, Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında uygulanan önlem ve koruma tedbirlerinin hamile kadınlarda T. gondii, rubella ve CMV prevelansına etkisi de araştırıldı. 2018-2021 yılları arasında, Muş Devlet Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran gebelerin serum örneklerinden IgG ve IgM antikor düzeyleri enzim bağlı immünosorbent tahlili (ELISA) ve kemilüminesans immünolojik tahlili (CLIA) ile incelendi. Yüksek ve düşük avidite testleri, enzim bağlantılı floresans tahlili (ELFA) ile incelendi. Gebelerde T. gondii IgG antikorunun (%28) seroprevalansının düşük olması ve 102 gebenin 38’inde düşük avidite tespiti bu parazitin intrauterin hayat için risk oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir. Rubella IgG (%89) ve CMV IgG (%99) antikorlarının seroprevalansının ve de aviditesinin yüksek olmasından dolayı düşük oranda risk taşıdığı saptandı. Covid-19 önlem ve koruma tedbirlerinin rubella ve CMV prevalansında anlamlı bir azalmaya neden olduğu ancak T.gondii prevalansına etkisi olmadığı belirlendi.

Keywords

Covid-19, Sitomegalovirüs, Rubella, Seroprevalans, Toxoplazma gondii

COMPARISON SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII, RUBELLA, AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN MUŞ PROVINCE BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMİC

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), rubella and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the primary infection rates of these agents with avidity test in pregnant women in Muş province. Additionally, the effect of prevention and protection measures implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic on the prevalence of T. gondii, rubella and CMV in pregnant women was also investigated. Between 2018 and 2021, IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum samples of pregnant women who applied to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics polyclinic of Muş State Hospital were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). High and low avidity assays were examined by enzyme linked fluorescence assay (ELFA). Low seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibody (28%) and the detection of low avidity detection in 38 of 102 pregnant women indicate that this parasite may be a risk for intrauterine life. Rubella IgG (89%) and CMV IgG (99%) antibodies were found to carry a low risk due to their high seroprevalence and avidity. It was determined that Covid-19 prevention and protection measures caused a significant decrease in the prevalence of rubella and CMV, but had no effect on the prevalence of T.gondii.

Keywords

Covid-19, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Seroprevalence, Toxoplasma gondii

References

• Alaçam, S., Bakır, A., Karatas, A., Yolburun, B., Uzunkaya, Ö., Aktaş, F. & Canberk, M. (2020). Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Population in Istanbul. Journal of Anatolian Medical Research, 5(3), 19-24.
• Aynioglu, A., Aynioglu, O. & Altunok, E. S. (2015). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant females in north-western Turkey. Acta Clinica Belgica, 70(5), 321-324. https://doi.org/10.1179/2295333715Y.0000000021.
• Aşık, G., Ünlü, B.S., Er, H., Yoldas, Ö., Köken, G., Çufalı, D., Altındis, M. & Yılmazer, M. (2013). Afyon bölgesinde gebelerde Toksoplazma ve Rubella seroprevelansı. Pamukkale Tip Dergisi, 6(3), 128-33.
• Bakacak, M., Bostancı, M., Köstü, B., Ercan, Ö., Serin, S., Avcı, F. & Bakacak, Z. (2014). Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 41 (2), 326–331.
• Chiopris, G., Veronese, P., Cusenza, F., Procaccianti, M., Perrone, S., Daccò, V., …Esposito, S. (2020). Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Microorganisms, 8(10), 1516. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101516.
• Çetinkaya, R. A & Yenilmez, E. (2019). The seroprevalence of rubella in pregnant women in Turkey: a meta-analysis research of 90988 rubella IgM, 84398 Rubella IgG, and 522 avidity results. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 16(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjod.galenos.2018.89663.
• Çopur Çiçek, A., Duygu, F., İnakçı, İ.H., Boyar, N. & Boyar, İ.H. (2012). Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies with ELISA among women of childbearing age in Şanlıurfa province: A three years evaluation. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations. 3(1), 61-65. https://doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2012.01.0112.
• Dindar Demiray, E. K., Alkan, S., Barutçu, A. & Tahmaz, A. (2022). Investigating the Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in pregnant women from Turkey by pool analyses method. Pediatric practice and Research, 10(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.21765/pprjournal.1027715.
• Diogo, M. C., Glatter, S., Binder, J., Kiss, H. & Prayer, D. (2020). The MRI spectrum of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Prenatal Diagnosis, 40(1), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/pd.5591.
• Doğan Toklu, G. (2013). Antibodies frequency against toxoplasmosis, rubella virus and cytomegalovirus in pregnant Women. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 4(1), 38-40. https://doi.org/10.4328/JCAM.896.
• Dündar, Ö., Çelik, S., Tütüncü, L., Ergür, A.R., Atay, V. & Müngen, E. (2009). 2000-2005 yılları arasında kliniğimizde doğum yapan gebelerde Hepatit-B, Hepatit-C, HIV, Toxoplasma ve rubella prevalansının araştırılması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 40(1), 1-9.
• Efe, Ş. & Kurdoglu, Z. (2009) Van yöresindeki gebelerde sitomegalovirüs, rubella ve Toksoplazma antikorlarının seroprevalansı. Van Tip Dergisi, 16(1), 6-9.
• Ezer, B., Kaya, H., Kılıç, F., Özdemir, M. & Kaba, K. (2023). Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus detected by enzyme linked fluorescent assay method in pregnant women who applied to Meram Medical Faculty Hospital in Konya Province. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg, 53(1):28-34. https://doi:10.54453/TMCD.2023.44827 53(1): 28-34.
• Feldman, D. M., Timms, D. & Borgida, A. F. (2010). Toxoplasmosis, parvovirus, and cytomegalovirus in pregnancy. Clinics in laboratory medicine, 30(3), 709–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2010.04.009.
• Gencer, M., Cevizci, S., Saçar, S., Vural, A., Cakır Güngör, A. N., Uysal, …Coşar, E. (2014). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Obstetri Polikliniğine müracaat eden gebelerde anti-toxoplasma gondii antikorlarının dağılımı ve risk faktörlerinin irdelenmesi. Turkiye parazitolojii dergisi, 38(2), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2014.3355.
• Gonca, S., Serin, M.S., Halepliler, S. & Erden Ertürk S. (2021). Mersin’de Bir devlet hastanesine başvuran gebelerde toxoplasma gondii seroprevalansı, 2019. Turkiye Parazitol Dergisi, 45, 176-180.
• Harma, M., Harma, M., Gungen, N. & Demir, N. (2004). Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Sanliurfa, Southeastern Anatolia City, Turkey. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 34(2), 519–525.
• Inci, A., Yener, C. & Güven, D. (2014). Bir devlet hastanesinde gebe kadınlarda toksoplasma, rubella ve sitomegalovirüs seroprevalansının araştırılması. Pamukkale Tip Dergisi, 7(2), 19-25.
• Kayman, T. & Kayman, M. (2010). Kayseri’deki gebelerde toksoplasmoz seroprevalansı. Perinatal Dergisi,18(3), 92-6.
• Kiriş Satılmış, O. K., Yapca, O. E., Yapca, D. & Çatma, T. (2014). Sorgun Devlet Hastanesine başvuran gebelerde rubella, sitomegalovirüs ve Toksoplazma antikorlarının seroprevalansı. İKSST Derg. 6(2), 90-6.
• Kölgelier, S., Demiraslan, H., Katas, B. & Güler, D. (2009). Gebelerde Toksoplasma gondii Seroprevalansı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 36(3), 170-172.
• Körkoca, A & Berktaş, M. (2021). The seroprevalance of torch groups m pregnant women. 8th International Medicine and Health Sciences Researches Congress, 1061-1068.
• Liesenfeld, O., Press, C., Montoya, J. G., Gill, R., Isaac-Renton, J. L., Hedman, K. & Remington, J. S. (1997). False-positive results in immunoglobulin M (IgM) toxoplasma antibody tests and importance of confirmatory testing: the Platelia Toxo IgM test. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 35(1), 174–178. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.35.1.174-178.1997.
• Mendelson, E., Aboudy, Y., Smetana, Z., Tepperberg, M. & Grossman, Z. (2006). Laboratory assessment and diagnosis of congenital viral infections: Rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), parvovirus B19 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 21(4), 350–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.02.001.
• Ocak, S., Zeteroglu, S., Ozer, C., Dolapcioglu, K. & Gungoren, A. (2007). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in southern Turkey. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 39(3), 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365540600978880.
• Parlak, M., Çim, N., Nalça Erdin, B., Güven, A., Bayram, Y. & Yıldızhan, R. (2015). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in Van. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 12(2), 79–82. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjod.35902.
• Sebastian, D., Zuhara, K.F., Sekaran, K. (2008). Influence of TORCH infections in first trimester miscarriage in the Malabar region of Kerala. Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research, 2(3), 56-59. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR.9000418.
• Sharma, S., Duggal, N., Agarwal, S. & Mahajan, R. K (2015). Anuradha hans c. seroprevalence of toxoplasma, rubella and cmv infections in antenatal women in a tertiary care hospital in North India. Journal of Communicable Diseases, 47, 23–26.
• Sirin, M. C., Agus, N., Yilmaz, N., Bayram, A., Derici, Y. K., Samlioglu, P., …Dogan, G. (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women and the importance of avidity assays. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(7), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.7.18182.
• Sonmez Tamer G., Dundar, D. & Caliskan, E. (2009). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in western region of Turkey. Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 32(1), 43-7. https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v32i1.5086.
• Varol, F. G. Sayın, N. C. & Soysüren, S. (2011). Trakya yöresinde antenatal bakım alan gebelerde Toxoplasma gondii antikor seroprevalansı. Turkish Journal Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8(2), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjod.2011.00533.
• Züber, P. & Jacquier, P. (1995). Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis: worldwide status. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr, 65, 19– 22.