Günümüz Türkiyesinde İranlı Göçmenlerin Sosyoekonomik Entegrasyonu

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 225 - 253, 28.03.2023

Maryam Ekhtiari Mehmet Fatih Aysan

Abstract

Kuzey Amerika ve Batı Avrupa hedefli göçlerde yaşanan zorluklar ile komşu ülkedeki fırsatlar, son yıllarda birçok İranlı için Türkiye’yi yeni “hedef ülke” konumuna getirmiştir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de yaşayan İranlı göçmenler ile uluslararası koruma başvurusunda bulunmuş İranlıların göç deneyimlerini, Türkiye’ye entegrasyonlarında karşılaştıkları zorlukları, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel faktörleri de dikkate alarak incelemektedir. Araştırmanın temel amacı; İranlıların Türkiye’yi hedef ülke olarak seçme nedenleri ile ülkeye yerleşme ve entegrasyon süreçlerini analiz etmektir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde yaşayan 41 İranlı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel bulgular, coğrafi ve kültürel yakınlığı nedeniyle Türkiye’nin İranlılar için en iyi varış ülkelerinden biri olduğunu ve bu yakınlıkların İranlıların Türkiye’ye daha kolay entegre olabilmelerine imkân sağladığını göstermektedir. Ancak göçmenlerin yeni topluma entegre olma konusunda ciddi zorluklarla karşılaştıkları da görülmektedir. Bu zorluklar, işgücü piyasasına dâhil olmanın önündeki engellerden sağlık hizmetlerine erişime kadar uzanmaktadır. Ayrıca İranlı göçmenlerin günlük yaşamları ve gelecek planları, Türkiye’nin göçmenlere yönelik sürekli değişen uygulamalarından da etkilenmektedir. Bu araştırma, göç yönetimindeki karar vericilere İranlı göçmenlerin sosyoekonomik entegrasyonundaki engelleri azaltmak için stratejiler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Göç, uyum, parçalı asimilasyon, Türkiye, İranlı göçmenler.

Socio-economic integration of Iranian immigrants in contemporary Turkey

Abstract

Recent difficulties in migrating to North America and Europe and new opportunities in the neighboring country made Turkey a new destination country for many Iranians. This study examines the migration experience of Iranian immigrants and those Iranians seeking international protection refugees living in Turkey by exploring their social, economic, and cultural integration along with the barriers they face in integrating into Turkey. The main purpose of the research is to analyze the reasons for Iranians to choose Turkey as a target country and their settlement and integration processes. This study adopted a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews with 41 Iranians living in various cities of Turkey. The qualitative findings reveal that Turkey’s geographical and cultural proximity provides significant facilitating factors for the integration of Iranians in their new host society. The immigrants, however, face serious challenges in integrating into the Turkish society. These challenges range from obstacles in involving in the labor market to access to health services. Furthermore, daily lives of Iranian immigrants are also affected by Turkey’s changing migration policies which refrains them from making clear plans for their future lives. This study also provides strategies to policy-makers in immigration services to reduce the barriers in the social integration of Iranian immigrants.

Keywords

Migration, integration, segmented assimilation, Turkey, Iranian migrants.

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