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Bir Unutuluş Serüveni: İslamcılık, Post-İslamcılık ve Siyasal Üzerine Notlar

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 254 - 280, 28.03.2023

Abstract

İslamcılığın sonu veya post-İslamcılık iddiaları, 1990’ların başından beri İslamcılığın en popüler yorumu oldu. Bu yorumlar bir yandan İslamcılık çalışmalarının temel araçlarını sağlarken diğer yandan da öne sürülen her alternatif İslamcılık okumasının ilk muhatabını da oluşturdu. Ancak otuz yıl sonra bile her fırsatta post-İslamcılardan ziyade İslamcıların sonunu ilan etmeleri, bu iddiaların İslamcılığı yorumlamadaki başarısızlığını göstermektedir. İslamcılığın daha derin ve kapsamlı bir okumasının imkânlarını sorgulamayı ve sunmayı amaçlayan bu makale, öncelikle Asef Bayat’ın ve büyük ölçüde de Olivier Roy’un kavramsallaştırmaları üzerinden bu iddiaları sunmakta ardından da değerlendirmektedir. Bu değerlendirme, bahsedilen iddiaların, varolanşeyler, kurallar, gelenekler, düzenlemeler ve kurumlar gibi ontik (siyaset) şeylere odaklanarak varoluş koşullarını ve anlaşılabilirliği ilgilendiren ontolojik (politik) olanı unuttuğunu iddia etmektedir. Son olarak bu unutuluşu literatürün ana sorunu olarak belirleyen makale, Salman Sayyid’in İslamcılık kavramsallaştırmasını Heidegger ile diyaloğa sokarak ontolojik (politik) bir çalışma için araçlar önermektedir. Bu anlamda makale, bir deneyim olarak İslamcılığın analizini sunmaktan ziyade böyle bir analizin çerçevesini geliştirmeye çalışmaktadır.

References

  • Aktay, Y. (2013). The “ends” of Islamism: Rethinking the meaning of Islam and the political. Insight Turkey, 15(1), 111-125.
  • Al-Arian, A. (2020, Aralık 25). Arab Spring: The end of political Islam as we know it. Middle East Eye. http://www.middleeasteye.net/big-story/arab-spring-end-political-islam-as-we-know-it adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ayoob, M. (2019, Temmuz 12). The beginning of the end of Erdogan? The Strategist. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-erdogan/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Bayat, A. (1996). The coming of a post-Islamist society. Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 5(9), 43-52.
  • Bayat, A. (2013a). Post-Islamism at large. In A. Bayat (Ed.). Post-Islamism: The changing faces of political Islam (pp. 3-35). Oxford University Press.
  • Bayat, A. (2013b). Post-Islamism: The changing faces of political Islam. Oxford University Press.
  • Burgat, F. (2005). Face to face with political Islam. IB Tauris.
  • Burgat, F. (2020). Understanding political Islam. T. Hill (Çev.). Manchester University Press.
  • Büyükkara, M. A. (2018). Çağdaş İslâmî akımlar (7. Baskı). Klasik.
  • David, M. (2020). The correspondence theory of truth. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/entriesruth-correspondence/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ferguson, N. (1998). The pity of war. Allen Lane The Penguin Press.
  • FRANCE 24. (2019, Haziran 23). Erdogan’s party suffers historic defeat in Istanbul mayoral re-run. France 24. https://www.france24.com/en/20190623-erdogans-party-loses-controversial-mayoral- run-istanbul adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Guignon, C. (1983). Heidegger and the problem of knowledge. Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Guignon, C. (1990). Philosophy after Wittgenstein and Heidegger. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 50(4), 649-672.
  • Harrington, A. (2016). German cosmopolitan social thought and the idea of the West: Voices from Weimar. Cambridge University Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. J. Macquarrie ve E. Robinson (Çev.). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Heidegger, M. (1984). Early Greek thinking: The dawn of western philosophy. D. F. Krell ve F. A. Capuzzi (Çev.). Harper & Row.
  • Kara, İ. (2020). Türkiye’de İslâmcılık düşüncesi 1: Metinler Kişiler (4. Baskı). Dergâh Yayınları.
  • Kepel, G. (2006). Jihad: The trail of political Islam. A. F. Roberts (Çev.). IB Tauris.
  • Laclau, E. (2012). The specificity of the political. E. Laclau (Ed.). In Politics and ideology in Marxist theory: Capitalism, fascism, populism (pp. 51-81). Verso.
  • Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (2001). Beyond the positivity of the social: Antagonisms and hegemony. E. Laclau, & C. Mouffe (Ed.). In Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics (2. Edition) (pp. 93-148). Verso.
  • Marchart, O. (2007). Post-foundational political thought: Political difference in Nancy, Lefort, Badiou and Laclau. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Özcan, A. (1997). Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain, 1877-1924 (C. 12). Brill.
  • Roy, O. (1992). L’échec de l’islam politique. Seuil.
  • Roy, O. (1994). The failure of political Islam. C. Volk (Çev.). Harvard University Press.
  • Roy, O. (2004). Globalized Islam: The search for a new Ummah. Columbia University Press.
  • Roy, O. (2012). The transformation of the Arab World. Journal of Democracy, 23(3), 5-18.
  • Roy, O. (2020). The failure of political Islam revisited. M. N. M. Osman (Ed.). In Pathways to contemporary Islam: New trends in critical engagement (pp. 167-179). Amsterdam University Press.
  • Royde-Smith, J. G., & Hughes, T. A. (t.y.). World War II-Costs of the war. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Said Halim Paşa. (1973). Buhranlarımız. D. M. Ertuğrul (Ed.). Tercüman.
  • Sayyid, B. S. (1997). A fundamental fear: Eurocentrism and the emergence of Islamism. Zed Books Ltd.
  • Sayyid, S. (2007). Islam (ism), Eurocentrism and the world order. Defence Studies, 7(3), 300-316.
  • Sayyid, S. (2014). Recalling the caliphate: Decolonization and world order. Hurst.
  • Schulze, R. (2002). A modern history of the Islamic world. A. Azodi (Çev.). I.B. Tauris.
  • Volpi, F. (2010). Political Islam observed. Hurst and Company.

An Odyssey of Oblivion: Remarks on Islamism, Post-Islamism, and the Political

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 254 - 280, 28.03.2023

Abstract

The end of Islamism or post-Islamism arguments have been the most popular interpretation of Islamism since the early 1990s. As a result, they provide the primary tools for studying Islamism and have become the first encounter and challenge for every alternative reading. However, that these still repeat the end of Islamists rather than post-Islamists at each opportunity after three decades demonstrates the failure arguments have had in construing Islamism. This paper aims to question and present the possibilities of a more profound and comprehensive reading of Islamism by initially presenting and then evaluating these arguments through the conceptualizations of Asef Bayat and Olivier Roy in particular. This evaluation maintains that these arguments have forgotten the ontological (political), which relates the conditions of existence and intelligibility, by focusing on the ontic (politics), which considers beings, rules, conventions, arrangements, and institutions. Lastly, by identifying this oversight as the main problem of the literature, the paper proposes the tools for an ontological (political) study by placing Salman Sayyid’s conceptualization of Islamism into the conversation with Heidegger. In this sense, rather than offering an analysis of Islamism as an experience, the paper attempts to advance the framework for such an analysis.

References

  • Aktay, Y. (2013). The “ends” of Islamism: Rethinking the meaning of Islam and the political. Insight Turkey, 15(1), 111-125.
  • Al-Arian, A. (2020, Aralık 25). Arab Spring: The end of political Islam as we know it. Middle East Eye. http://www.middleeasteye.net/big-story/arab-spring-end-political-islam-as-we-know-it adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ayoob, M. (2019, Temmuz 12). The beginning of the end of Erdogan? The Strategist. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-erdogan/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Bayat, A. (1996). The coming of a post-Islamist society. Critique: Journal for Critical Studies of the Middle East, 5(9), 43-52.
  • Bayat, A. (2013a). Post-Islamism at large. In A. Bayat (Ed.). Post-Islamism: The changing faces of political Islam (pp. 3-35). Oxford University Press.
  • Bayat, A. (2013b). Post-Islamism: The changing faces of political Islam. Oxford University Press.
  • Burgat, F. (2005). Face to face with political Islam. IB Tauris.
  • Burgat, F. (2020). Understanding political Islam. T. Hill (Çev.). Manchester University Press.
  • Büyükkara, M. A. (2018). Çağdaş İslâmî akımlar (7. Baskı). Klasik.
  • David, M. (2020). The correspondence theory of truth. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2020/entriesruth-correspondence/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ferguson, N. (1998). The pity of war. Allen Lane The Penguin Press.
  • FRANCE 24. (2019, Haziran 23). Erdogan’s party suffers historic defeat in Istanbul mayoral re-run. France 24. https://www.france24.com/en/20190623-erdogans-party-loses-controversial-mayoral- run-istanbul adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Guignon, C. (1983). Heidegger and the problem of knowledge. Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Guignon, C. (1990). Philosophy after Wittgenstein and Heidegger. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 50(4), 649-672.
  • Harrington, A. (2016). German cosmopolitan social thought and the idea of the West: Voices from Weimar. Cambridge University Press.
  • Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. J. Macquarrie ve E. Robinson (Çev.). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Heidegger, M. (1984). Early Greek thinking: The dawn of western philosophy. D. F. Krell ve F. A. Capuzzi (Çev.). Harper & Row.
  • Kara, İ. (2020). Türkiye’de İslâmcılık düşüncesi 1: Metinler Kişiler (4. Baskı). Dergâh Yayınları.
  • Kepel, G. (2006). Jihad: The trail of political Islam. A. F. Roberts (Çev.). IB Tauris.
  • Laclau, E. (2012). The specificity of the political. E. Laclau (Ed.). In Politics and ideology in Marxist theory: Capitalism, fascism, populism (pp. 51-81). Verso.
  • Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (2001). Beyond the positivity of the social: Antagonisms and hegemony. E. Laclau, & C. Mouffe (Ed.). In Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics (2. Edition) (pp. 93-148). Verso.
  • Marchart, O. (2007). Post-foundational political thought: Political difference in Nancy, Lefort, Badiou and Laclau. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Özcan, A. (1997). Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain, 1877-1924 (C. 12). Brill.
  • Roy, O. (1992). L’échec de l’islam politique. Seuil.
  • Roy, O. (1994). The failure of political Islam. C. Volk (Çev.). Harvard University Press.
  • Roy, O. (2004). Globalized Islam: The search for a new Ummah. Columbia University Press.
  • Roy, O. (2012). The transformation of the Arab World. Journal of Democracy, 23(3), 5-18.
  • Roy, O. (2020). The failure of political Islam revisited. M. N. M. Osman (Ed.). In Pathways to contemporary Islam: New trends in critical engagement (pp. 167-179). Amsterdam University Press.
  • Royde-Smith, J. G., & Hughes, T. A. (t.y.). World War II-Costs of the war. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Said Halim Paşa. (1973). Buhranlarımız. D. M. Ertuğrul (Ed.). Tercüman.
  • Sayyid, B. S. (1997). A fundamental fear: Eurocentrism and the emergence of Islamism. Zed Books Ltd.
  • Sayyid, S. (2007). Islam (ism), Eurocentrism and the world order. Defence Studies, 7(3), 300-316.
  • Sayyid, S. (2014). Recalling the caliphate: Decolonization and world order. Hurst.
  • Schulze, R. (2002). A modern history of the Islamic world. A. Azodi (Çev.). I.B. Tauris.
  • Volpi, F. (2010). Political Islam observed. Hurst and Company.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sümeyye Sakarya 0000-0002-5738-0222

Publication Date March 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sakarya, S. (2023). Bir Unutuluş Serüveni: İslamcılık, Post-İslamcılık ve Siyasal Üzerine Notlar. İnsan Ve Toplum, 13(1), 254-280.