Sudan’da Etnik Marjinalleşme ve Çatışma Dinamikleri: Kuramsal Bir Çerçevede Sürdürülebilir Barış Arayışları

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 40 - 70, 02.09.2025

Gökhan Bozbaş

Abstract

Sudan, tarihsel olarak zengin etnik, kültürel ve dini çeşitliliğe sahip olmasına rağmen, bu çeşitlilik ülkenin sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik yapısında derin sorunlara yol açmıştır. Beca, Fur, Nuba ve Dinka gibi başlıca etnik gruplar, uzun süre marjinalleştirilerek merkezi yönetim tarafından ihmal edilmiş, temel kaynaklar ile eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerinden mahrum bırakılmıştır. Bu durum, hem ekonomik hem de sosyal dışlanmayı kalıcı hale getirmiş, etnik çatışmaların ve iç savaşların başlıca nedenlerinden biri olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu makale, Sudan’daki marjinalleşme ve etnik çatışmaların sosyal ve siyasi istikrar üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Marjinalleşme, yalnızca bir sosyal adalet sorunu değil, aynı zamanda ülkenin uzun vadeli siyasi istikrarını tehdit eden yapısal bir olgudur. Sürdürülebilir barış için, marjinalleştirilmiş grupların haklarının tanınması, adil kaynak dağıtımı ve siyasi temsiliyetlerinin artırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, uluslararası toplumun bu süreçteki destekleyici rolü de önem taşımaktadır. Sudan’da kalıcı barış ve istikrarın sağlanabilmesi için etnik marjinalleşmenin ortadan kaldırılması kritik bir adımdır.

Keywords

Sosyal Adalet , Sürdürülebilir Barış , Siyasi İstikrar , Etnik Gruplar , Marjinalleşme , Etnik Çatışmalar , Sudan

Ethnic Conflicts and Marginalization in Sudan: Pursuing Sustainable Peace

Abstract

Entirely different ethnic, cultural, and religious groups, such as the Beca, Fur, Nuba, and Dinka, have settled and lived within the boundaries of Sudan for a long time. Nonetheless, this diversity has not entirely been positive, often leading to political, social, and economic issues. Exclusion and marginalization of various ethnic communities, more so those inhabiting peripheral zones such as Darfur, South Kordofan, and Eastern Sudan, have fueled polarization and conflicts. They have been politically marginalized and denied resources, education, and healthcare, exacerbating the economic inequalities. The Sudanese government has mostly paid attention to the region in the center, but there has been no development for the ethnic communities. This neglect has catalyzed tribal battles, internal conflicts, civil wars, and political unrest. The current social exclusion still poses difficulties for the country’s unity. These initiatives hold the potential to bring about positive change, but only if they are designed to ensure that the governance employed is representative and that all strategic resources are equitably distributed among all groups, including those affected. While there are international actors who assist Sudan with violence-related issues through development activities, these efforts often overlook the ethnic problems in Sudan. For a lasting peace in Sudan, the issues of marginalization must be addressed, and national unity must be promoted, offering hope for a brighter future.

Keywords

Ethnic Conflicts , Marginalization , Sudan , Sustainable Peace , Social Justice , Ethnic Groups , Political Stability

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