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The Case of Patiswiss As A Social Media Crisis in the Context of Crisis Communication Theories

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 22, 135 - 168, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.56133/intermedia.1532766

Öz

Crises are undesirable situations that every business is likely to face at different times. According to the communication literature, crises are manageable situations. Crisis communication approaches offer a rich literature on how crises should be managed. In this study, the fact that Patiswiss, an Ankara-based chocolate brand, grew into a major crisis in a short time after a consumer complaint, with the CEO's response to the consumer on a social media platform, was analyzed in the context of some crisis communication approaches in the public relations literature. In the study, data were obtained by content analysis technique from qualitative methods. For the analysis, the posts made by the brand on its official social media platforms Facebook, X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram between April 20, 2024 and August 1, 2024 regarding the crisis process were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. NVivo program was used for the analysis of qualitative data. As a result, it was seen that especially the CEO of the brand made serious communication mistakes during the crisis management process of the brand and that there were aspects where the brand was faulty and incomplete in the crisis communication process. In the study, it is claimed that brands' calm, planned and appropriate behavior in accordance with the principles of crisis communication in the crisis communication process will lead to positive results in crisis management.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Aho, J. (2014). The effect of celebrity CEO’s crisis communication to crisis outcome (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/100140
  • Akbulut, E. (2016). Durumsal Kriz İletişimi Teorisi Çerçevesinde Örgüt-Kamu İlişkisinin ve Kriz Tepki Stratejilerinin Sorumluluk Atfetme Düzeyine ve Örgütsel İtibar Algısına Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 4(1), 50-81, https://doi.org/10.19145/guifd.86770.
  • Aksoy, E. (2024, Haziran 7). Patiswiss CEO’su Elif Aslı Yıldız Tunaoğlu özür dileyerek görevinden istifa etti. Haberler.com, https://www.haberler.com/3-sayfa/patiswiss-ceo-su-elif-asli-yildiz-tunaoglu-17256397-haberi.
  • Armutlu, I. İ. (2024). Corporate Reputation and Crisis Management in Social Media: The Patiswiss Case Study. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 12(4), 69-81.
  • Benoit, W. L. (1995). Accounts, excuses, apologies: A theory of image restoration discourse. NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177-186.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2014). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: Image repair theory and research. Suny Press.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2015). Image Restoration Theory. W. Donsbach (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Communication. Wiley.
  • Boamah, M. (2019). Analysing Crisis Communication Strategies of Airline Companies in United States: A Case Study of Southwest Airline 2016 Power Outage Crisis. Studies in Media and Communication, 7(1), 7-16, doi:10.11114/smc.v7i1.4190.
  • Brynielsson, J., Granåsen, M., Lindquist, S., Narganes Quijano, M., Nilsson, S. ve Trnka, J. (2018). Informing crisis alerts using social media: Best practices and proof of concept. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(1), 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12195.
  • Büyükçelikok, T. Ö. ve Yıldız, E. (2020). İmaj Restorasyon Teorisi Bağlamında Ülker 1 Nisan Krizi. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 7(13), 527-545.
  • Chen, P. (2022). The Study of Apology in Public Relation Crisis Management: How to Achieve the Mitigated Outcomes by Deploying Effective Apologies. BCP Business & Management, 34, 1095-1102, https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v34i.3145.
  • Cheng, Y. (2018). How social media is changing crisis communication strategies: Evidence from the updated literature. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(1), 58–68, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12130.
  • Claeys, A.-S., & Opgenhaffen, M. (2016). Why practitioners do (not) apply crisis communication theory in practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 28(5–6), 232–247, https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1261703.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2004). Impact of past crises on current crisis communication: Insights from situational crisis communication theory. The Journal of Business Communication, 41(3), 265–289, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943604265607.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2006). The protective powers of crisis response strategies. Journal of Promotion Management, 12(3–4), 241–260, https://doi.org/10.1300/J057v12n03_13
  • Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (1996). Communication and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279–295, https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0804_04.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2), 165–186, https://doi.org/10.1177/089331802237233.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Tachkova, E. R. (2023). Integrating moral outrage in situational crisis communication theory: A triadic appraisal model for crises. Management Communication Quarterly, 37(4), 798–820. https://doi.org/10.1177/08933189221151177.
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Kriz İletişim Teorileri Bağlamında Sosyal Medya Krizi Olarak Patiswiss Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 22, 135 - 168, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.56133/intermedia.1532766

Öz

Krizler her işletmenin farklı zamanda karşılaşması muhtemel istenmeyen durumlardır. İletişim literatürüne göre krizler yönetilebilir durumlardır. Krizlerin nasıl yönetilmesi gerektiği konusunda kriz iletişimi yaklaşımları zengin bir literatür sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Patiswiss adlı Ankara merkezli çikolata markasının bir tüketici şikâyeti sonrası, kurumun CEO’sunun bir sosyal medya platformunda tüketiciye verdiği cevapla büyüyerek kısa sürede büyük bir kriz haline gelmesi, halkla ilişkiler literatüründeki bazı kriz iletişim yaklaşımları bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel yöntemlerden içerik analizi tekniği ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Analiz için markanın resmi sosyal medya platformları olan Facebook, X (eski adı Twitter) ve Instagram’da 20 Nisan 2024 tarihi ile 1 Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında kriz süreci ile alakalı yaptığı paylaşımlar nitel içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Nitel verilerin analizi için NVivo programından istifade edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak markanın kriz yönetimi sürecinde özellikle CEO’sunun ciddi iletişim hataları yaptığı ve markanın da kriz iletişim sürecinde hatalı ve eksik kaldığı yönler olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada markaların kriz iletişim sürecinde sakin, planlı ve kriz iletişimi ilkelerine uygun davranmasının kriz yönetiminde olumlu sonuçlar doğuracağı iddia edilmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Gerek akademik hayatım gerekse sosyal hayatım boyunca idol/örnek kişilik olarak aldığım rahmetli akademisyen babam İbrahim ÖZGÜR'e sonsuz teşekkürlerimle.

Kaynakça

  • Aho, J. (2014). The effect of celebrity CEO’s crisis communication to crisis outcome (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/100140
  • Akbulut, E. (2016). Durumsal Kriz İletişimi Teorisi Çerçevesinde Örgüt-Kamu İlişkisinin ve Kriz Tepki Stratejilerinin Sorumluluk Atfetme Düzeyine ve Örgütsel İtibar Algısına Etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 4(1), 50-81, https://doi.org/10.19145/guifd.86770.
  • Aksoy, E. (2024, Haziran 7). Patiswiss CEO’su Elif Aslı Yıldız Tunaoğlu özür dileyerek görevinden istifa etti. Haberler.com, https://www.haberler.com/3-sayfa/patiswiss-ceo-su-elif-asli-yildiz-tunaoglu-17256397-haberi.
  • Armutlu, I. İ. (2024). Corporate Reputation and Crisis Management in Social Media: The Patiswiss Case Study. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 12(4), 69-81.
  • Benoit, W. L. (1995). Accounts, excuses, apologies: A theory of image restoration discourse. NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177-186.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2014). Accounts, excuses, and apologies: Image repair theory and research. Suny Press.
  • Benoit, W. L. (2015). Image Restoration Theory. W. Donsbach (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Communication. Wiley.
  • Boamah, M. (2019). Analysing Crisis Communication Strategies of Airline Companies in United States: A Case Study of Southwest Airline 2016 Power Outage Crisis. Studies in Media and Communication, 7(1), 7-16, doi:10.11114/smc.v7i1.4190.
  • Brynielsson, J., Granåsen, M., Lindquist, S., Narganes Quijano, M., Nilsson, S. ve Trnka, J. (2018). Informing crisis alerts using social media: Best practices and proof of concept. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(1), 28-40, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12195.
  • Büyükçelikok, T. Ö. ve Yıldız, E. (2020). İmaj Restorasyon Teorisi Bağlamında Ülker 1 Nisan Krizi. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 7(13), 527-545.
  • Chen, P. (2022). The Study of Apology in Public Relation Crisis Management: How to Achieve the Mitigated Outcomes by Deploying Effective Apologies. BCP Business & Management, 34, 1095-1102, https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v34i.3145.
  • Cheng, Y. (2018). How social media is changing crisis communication strategies: Evidence from the updated literature. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 26(1), 58–68, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12130.
  • Claeys, A.-S., & Opgenhaffen, M. (2016). Why practitioners do (not) apply crisis communication theory in practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 28(5–6), 232–247, https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1261703.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2004). Impact of past crises on current crisis communication: Insights from situational crisis communication theory. The Journal of Business Communication, 41(3), 265–289, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943604265607.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2006). The protective powers of crisis response strategies. Journal of Promotion Management, 12(3–4), 241–260, https://doi.org/10.1300/J057v12n03_13
  • Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(3), 163–176, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (1996). Communication and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication. Journal of Public Relations Research, 8(4), 279–295, https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0804_04.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2), 165–186, https://doi.org/10.1177/089331802237233.
  • Coombs, W. T., & Tachkova, E. R. (2023). Integrating moral outrage in situational crisis communication theory: A triadic appraisal model for crises. Management Communication Quarterly, 37(4), 798–820. https://doi.org/10.1177/08933189221151177.
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  • Harold, G. O., & Onyekosor, A. I. (2024). Public relations strategies of Dufil Nigeria in the management of Indomie poison scare of 2004. International Journal of Marketing and Communication Studies, 8(2), 86–102, DOI: 10.56201/ijmcs.v8.no2.2024.pg86.102.
  • He, S., Li, D., Liu, C.-H., Xiong, Y., Liu, D., Feng, J., & Wen, J. (2023). Crisis communication in the WHO COVID-19 press conferences: A retrospective analysis. PLOS ONE, 18(3), 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282855.
  • Hearit, K. M. (2018). Corporate apologia. In The handbook of organizational rhetoric and communication (pp. 185–199). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Hearit, K. M. (1994). Apologies and public relations crises at Chrysler, Toshiba, and Volvo. Public Relations Review, 20(2), 113–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0363-8111(94)90053-1.
  • Hearit, K. M. (1995). "Mistakes were made": Organizations, apologia, and crises of social legitimacy. Communication Studies, 46(1–2), 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1080/10510979509368435.
  • Hearit, K. M. (2006). Crisis management by apology: Corporate response to allegations of wrongdoing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781410615596/crisis-management-apology-keith-michael-hearit, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Haziran 2024.
  • Husain, K., Abdullah, A. N., Ishak, M., Kamarudin, M. F., Robani, A., Mohin, M., & Hassan, S. N. S. (2014). A preliminary study on effects of social media in crisis communication from public relations practitioners’ views. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 223–227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.283.
  • Ipsen, M., & Jönsson, M. (2013). Social media communication during a corporate brand crisis: The case of Findus (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/student papers/record/3879017/file/3879021.docx
  • Jin, Y., Liu, B. F., & Austin, L. L. (2014). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics’ crisis responses. Communication Research, 41(1), 74–94, https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650211423918.
  • Kjeldsen, J. E. (2023). Crafting a crisis: How the genre of the justifying press conference constituted the Covid-19 pandemic as an emergency and legitimised the power of authorities in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In Nordicom (pp. 97–120). University of Gothenburg. Retrieved from https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-12703, 10.48335/9789188855688-5.
  • Koca, S. (2024). Digital communication crisis: The case of Patiswiss brand. Contemporary Issues of Communication, 3(2), 145–164, https://doi.org/10.62425/conicom.1514050.
  • König, A., Graf-Vlachy, L., Bundy, J., & Little, L. M. (2020). A blessing and a curse: How CEOs’ trait empathy affects their management of organizational crises. Academy of Management Review, 45(1), 130–153, https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2017.0387.
  • Köroğlu, G. T. (2019). Kriz iletişiminde kurumsal savunma kuramı: Türkiye’deki krizlerin özür metinlerinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/639884, https://tez.yok.gov.tr/, Tez No: 509450
  • Lawson, A. D., & Pang, A. (2016). Did BP atone for its transgressions? Expanding theory on ‘ethical apology’ in crisis communication. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12110.
  • Liu, J., Hong, C., & Yook, B. (2022). CEO as “chief crisis officer” under COVID-19: A content analysis of CEO open letters using structural topic modeling. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 16(3), 444–468, https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2022.2045297.
  • Lozano, N., & Lores, M. (2013). Food safety agencies’ challenge: Is social media the definitive communicative solution? Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 5(2), 285–293, https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs.5.2.285_1.
  • Lucero, M., Kwang, A. T. T., & Pang, A. (2009). Crisis leadership: When should the CEO step up? Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 14(3), 234–248, https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280910980032.
  • Maal, M., & Wilson-North, M. (2019). Social media in crisis communication–the “do’s” and “don’ts”. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 10(5), 379–391, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-06-2014-0044.
  • Metin, O., & Ünal, Ş. (2022). İçerik analizi tekniği: İletişim bilimlerinde ve sosyolojide doktora tezlerinde kullanımı. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 273–294, https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1227356.
  • Muien, H. M., Nordin, S., & Badru, B. O. (2022). Effect of CEO reputation on company financial distress: Evidence from Pakistan. Global Business Management Review (GBMR, 14(1), 38–53, https://doi.org/10.32890/gbmr2022.14.1.3.
  • Neely, S. R., & Collins, M. (2018). Social media and crisis communications: A survey of local governments in Florida. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 15(1), 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2016-0067.
  • Oliveira, M. de F. (2008). Fighting a smoky fire: An analysis of Philip Morris’s CEO speeches according to image restoration strategies. Social Responsibility Journal, 4(1/2), 228-245, https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110810856983.
  • Özdemir, E. K. (2024). Sosyal medyada kriz iletişimi sürecinde kriz sözcülüğü: Patiswiss krizi vaka incelemesi. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(63), 51–70.
  • Patiswiss. (2024, Haziran 1). Patiswiss (@patiswiss_tr) / X. X (formerly Twitter). Sosyal medya platformu. https://x.com/patiswiss_tr.
  • PatronlarDünyası. (2024, Haziran 1). Patiswiss CEO’su önce tehdit etti sonra özür diledi. PatronlarDunyasi. Retrieved June 1st, 2024, from https://www.patronlardunyasi.com/patiswiss-ceosu-once-tehdit-etti-sonra-ozur-diledi.
  • Przybysz, M. (2020). Challenges and tasks for the press spokesman and public relations specialist in crisis situations in institutional communication in the context of the internet. Kultura Media Teologia, 40, 8–26.
  • Regan, Á., Raats, M., Shan, L. C., Wall, P. G., & McConnon, Á. (2014). Risk communication and social media during food safety crises: A study of stakeholders’ opinions in Ireland. Journal of Risk Research, 19(1), 119–133, https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.961517.
  • Reuter, C., Hughes, A., Hiltz, S. R., Imran, M., & Plotnick, L. (2018). Editorial of the special issue on social media in crisis management. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 34(4), 277-279, https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1427833.
  • Rutsaert, P., Pieniak, Z., Regan, Á., McConnon, Á., Kuttschreuter, M., Lores, M., … Verbeke, W. (2014). Social media as a useful tool in food risk and benefit communication? A strategic orientation approach. Food Policy, 46, 84–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.02.003.
  • Scheuerlein, J. (2019). Linguistic differences between successful and non-successful CEOs during the financial crisis. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 67(2), 583–595, https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967020583.
  • Sohn, Y. J., & Lariscy, R. (2012). Resource-based crisis management: The important role of the CEO’s reputation. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24(4), 318–337, https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2012.689899.
  • Som, S. (2024, Haziran 1). Patiswiss neden gündem oldu, “küflü çikolata” olayı ne, Elif Aslı Yıldız Tunaoğlu kim? Patiswiss ürünleri marketlerden kaldırıldı mı?, Yenisafak.com, https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/patiswiss-neden-gundem-oldu-kuflu-cikolata-olayi-ne-elif-asli-yildiz-tunaoglu-kim-patiswiss-urunleri-marketlerden-kaldirildi-mi-4616416.
  • T24. (2024, Haziran 5). Patiswiss’in CEO’su, “küflü çikolata” paylaşımına verdiği yanıtla tepki çekti: Evindeki nem oranına baktır. T24, https://t24.com.tr/haber/patiswiss-ceo-su-elif-asli-yildiz-tunaoglu-yaptigi-paylasimlar-ile-tepki-topladi,1161485.
  • Tele1, (2024, Haziran 5). Patiswiss CEO’su gitti yerine eşi geldi. Tele1, https://tele1.com.tr/patiswiss-ceosu-gitti-yerine-esi-geldi-1051835/.
  • Tsai, W.-H. S., & Men, L. R. (2016). Social CEOs: The effects of CEOs’ communication styles and parasocial interaction on social networking sites. New Media & Society, 19(11), 1848–1867, https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816643922.
  • Turk, J. V., Jin, Y., Stewart, S., Kim, J., & Hipple, J. R. (2012). Examining the interplay of an organization’s prior reputation, CEO’s visibility, and immediate response to a crisis. Public Relations Review, 38(4), 574–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.06.012
  • Verčić, A. T., Verčič, D., & Coombs, W. T. (2018). Convergence of crisis response strategy and source credibility: Who can you trust? Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 27(1), 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12229.
  • Wang, Q., Ngai, C. S. B., & Singh, R. G. (2021). A discursive analysis of crisis response strategies in CEO apologies—Drawing on linguistic insights from the appraisal framework. Management Communication Quarterly, 35(4), 602–622, https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318921101200.
  • Wendling, C., Radisch, J., & Jacobzone, S. (2013). The use of social media in risk and crisis communication (pp. 1–42). Paris: OECD.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayınevi.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Medya Çalışmaları, Yeni Medya
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Özgür 0000-0001-5263-2403

Proje Numarası Yok
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Özgür, Ö. F. (2025). Kriz İletişim Teorileri Bağlamında Sosyal Medya Krizi Olarak Patiswiss Örneği. Intermedia International E-journal, 12(22), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.56133/intermedia.1532766

Creative Commons Lisansı Intermedia International E-journal

Bu eser Creative Commons Alıntı-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.