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Çocukların Kalp Sağlığı Tutumlarının Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri ile Spora Katılıma Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 315 - 324, 31.12.2020

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the attitudes of children towards heart health on their physical activity level. The study was conducted on 499 people from the age group of 12-13, 169 (33.9 %) of which were registered/club athletes and 330 (66.1 %) didn’t perform any sports in a sports club. As the data collection tools, the Personal Information Form, the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Scale for the Attitudes towards the Improvement of Heart Health in Children (SAIHHC) were used in the study. Although the attitudes of the children taking part in the study towards the hearth health were found out to be at a high level, their level of physical activity was medium. The physical activity level of the children who were registered/club athletes and their attitude towards the sub-dimensions of heart health and exercise were found to be higher compared to that of the children who didn’t perform any sports in a club. It can be said in general that the heart health attitude of children were at a high level, but they didn’t spare adequate time for physical activities.

References

  • Andersen, L.B., Harro, M., Sardinha, L.B., Froberg, K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., and Anderssen, S. A. (2006). Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study). Lancet (London, England), 368(9532), 299–304.
  • Arvidson, C.R. Children’s cardiovascular health promotion attitude scale: An instrument development (Dissertation). Denton, TX: Texas Women’s University. USA. 1990.
  • Benjamin, H.J., and Glow, K.M. (2003). Strength Training for Children and Adolescents. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 31(9): 19-26.
  • Biddle, S. J., and Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 886–895.
  • Blanchard, C., Shilton, T., and Bull F. (2013). Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA): global leadership towards a raised profile. Global Health Promotion, 20(Supp. 4): 113-121.
  • Bös, K., Heel, J., Romahn, N., Tittlbach, S., Woll, A., Worth, A., and Hölling, H. (2002). Untersuchungen zur Motorik im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys [Examination of motor fitness within the scope of The Child and Adolescent Health Survey]. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)), 64 Suppl 1, S80–S87.
  • Bosdriesz, J. R., Witvliet, M. I., Visscher, T. L., and Kunst, A. E. (2012). The influence of the macro-environment on physical activity: a multilevel analysis of 38 countries worldwide. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 9, 110.
  • Bower, J. K., Hales, D. P., Tate, D. F., Rubin, D. A., Benjamin, S. E., and Ward, D. S. (2008). The childcare environment and children's physical activity. American journal of preventive medicine, 34(1), 23–29.
  • Cecchetto, F. H., Pena, D. B., and Pellanda, L. C. (2017). Playful Interventions Increase Knowledge about Healthy Habits and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: The CARDIOKIDS Randomized Study. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 109(3), 199–206.
  • Crocker, P.R., Bailey, D.A., Faulkner, R.A., Kowalski, K.C., and McGrath, R. (1997). Measuring general levels of physical activity: preliminary evidence for the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 29(10): 1344–1349.
  • Eagle, T.F., Gurm, R., Smith, C.A., Corriveau, N., DuRussell-Weston, J., Palma-Davis, L., Aaronson, S., Goldberg, C., Kline-Rogers, E., Cotts, T., Jackson, E.A., Eagle, K.A. (2013). A middle school intervention to improve health behaviors and reduce cardiac risk factors. The American Journal of Medicine, 126: 903-908.
  • Evans, L., Hall, M., Jones, C. M., and Neiman, A. (2007). Did the Ottawa Charter play a role in the push to assess the effectiveness of health promotion?. Promotion and education, Suppl 2, 28–30.
  • Fernandez-Jimenez, R., Al-Kazaz, M., Jaslow, R., Carvajal, I., and Fuster, V. (2018). Children Present a Window of Opportunity for Promoting Health: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(25): 3310–3319.
  • Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., Ekelund, U., and Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet (London, England), 380(9838), 247–257.
  • Haney, M.Ö., and Bahar, Z. (2014). Childrens’ Cardiovascular Health Promotion Attitude Scale’s Validity and Reliability. Electronic Journal of the School of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University. 7(2): 92-97.
  • Harrell, J. S., McMurray, R. G., Gansky, S. A., Bangdiwala, S. I., and Bradley, C. B. (1999). A public health vs a risk-based intervention to improve cardiovascular health in elementary school children: the Cardiovascular Health in Children Study. American journal of public health, 89(10), 1529–1535.
  • Hills, A. P., Dengel, D. R., and Lubans, D. R. (2015). Supporting public health priorities: recommendations for physical education and physical activity promotion in schools. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 57(4), 368–374.
  • Hozawa, A. (2011). Attributable fractions of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Epidemiology, 2: 81-86.
  • Kannel, W.B., and Dawber T.R. (1972). Atherosclerosis as a pediatric problem. The Journal of Pediatrics, 80: 544-54.
  • Katzmarzyk, P.T.,and Mason, C. (2009). The physical activity transition. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 6(3): 269-280.
  • Kohl, H. W., 3rd, Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., Kahlmeier, S., and Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet (London, England), 380(9838), 294–305.
  • Kowalski, K., Crocker, P., and Donen R. The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual, file:///C:/Users/user /Downloads/ The Physical Activity Questionnaire_for_Older_Chil.pdf. 2004.
  • Kriemler, S., Meyer, U., Martin, E., van Sluijs, E. M., Andersen, L. B., and Martin, B. W. (2011). Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 923–930.
  • Lachat, C., Otchere, S., Roberfroid, D., Abdulai, A., Seret, F. M., Milesevic, J., Xuereb, G., Candeias, V., and Kolsteren, P. (2013). Diet and physical activity for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic policy review. PLoS medicine, 10(6), e1001465.
  • Manger, T.A., and Motta, R.W. (2005). The impact of an exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 7: 49-57.
  • McKenzie, T. L., Nader, P. R., Strikmiller, P. K., Yang, M., Stone, E. J., Perry, C. L., Taylor, W. C., Epping, J. N., Feldman, H. A., Luepker, R. V., and Kelder, S. H. (1996). School physical education: effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Preventive medicine, 25(4), 423–431.
  • Miller, M.P., Gillepie, J., Billian, A., Davel, S. (2001). Prevention of smoking behaviour in middle school students: student nurse interventions. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 18(2): 77-81.
  • Monda, K. L., Gordon-Larsen, P., Stevens, J., and Popkin, B. M. (2007). China's transition: the effect of rapid urbanization on adult occupational physical activity. Social science and medicine (1982), 64(4), 858–870.
  • Nader, P. R., Stone, E. J., Lytle, L. A., Perry, C. L., Osganian, S. K., Kelder, S., Webber, L. S., Elder, J. P., Montgomery, D., Feldman, H. A., Wu, M., Johnson, C., Parcel, G. S., and Luepker, R. V. (1999). Three-year maintenance of improved diet and physical activity: the CATCH cohort. Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Archives of pediatrics and adolescent medicine, 153(7), 695–704.
  • Orsini, N., Bellocco, R., Bottai, M., Pagano, M., and Wolk, A. (2006). Age and temporal trends of total physical activity among Swedish women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38(2), 240–245.
  • Özcan, C., Kılınç, S.,and Gülmez, H. (2013). School Health and Legal Status in Turkey. Ankara Medical Journal, 13(2): 71-81.
  • Pate, R. R., Dowda, M., Dishman, R. K., Colabianchi, N., Saunders, R. P., and McIver, K. L. (2019). Change in Children's Physical Activity: Predictors in the Transition From Elementary to Middle School. American journal of preventive medicine, 56(3), e65–e73.
  • Peñalvo, J. L., Sotos-Prieto, M., Santos-Beneit, G., Pocock, S., Redondo, J., and Fuster, V. (2013). The Program SI! intervention for enhancing a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers: first results from a cluster randomized trial. BMC public health, 13, 1208
  • Rouzbahani, A., Rouzbahani, R., Rouzbahani, H., Barkhordar, M., Rouzbahani, F., Rezaei, M., Rezaei, F., Ahmadi, F.R.M. (2009). Promotion of healthy heart knowledge and attitude in elementary school students in Shahrekord, Iran. ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal, 5: 64-68.
  • Sallis, J.F. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. American Journal of Public Health. 87(8): 1328-1334.
  • Salmon, P. (2000) Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21: 33-61.
  • Sandercock, G., and Angus, C. (2010). Barton J. Physical activity levels of children living in different built environments. Journal of Preventive Medicine. 50: 193-198.
  • Santos-Beneit, G., Bodega, P., de Miguel, M., Rodríguez, C., Carral, V., Orrit, X., Haro, D., Carvajal, I., de Cos-Gandoy, A., Peñalvo, J. L., Gómez-Pardo, E., Oliva, B., Ibañez, B., Fernández-Alvira, J. M., Fernández-Jiménez, R., and Fuster, V. (2019). Rationale and design of the SI! Program for health promotion in elementary students aged 6 to 11 years: A cluster randomized trial. American heart journal, 210: 9-17.
  • Sert, Z.E., and Temel, A.B. (2014). Adaptation of Physical Activity Questionnaire to Turkish Community for Elemantary School Students: Validity and Reliability Study. Electronic Journal of the School of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University. 7(2): 109-114.
  • Simons-Morton, B.G., Taylor, W.C., and Huang IW. (1994). Validity of the Physical Activity Interview and Caltrac with Preadolescent Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65(1): 84-88.
  • Thompson, J. L., Davis, S. M., Gittelsohn, J., Going, S., Becenti, A., Metcalfe, L., Stone, E., Harnack, L., and Ring, K. (2001). Patterns of physical activity among American Indian children: an assessment of barriers and support. Journal of community health, 26(6), 423–445.
  • Williams, C.L., Hayman, L.L., Daniels, S.R., Robinson, T.N., Steinberger, J. and Paridon, S. (2003). Cardiovascular health in childhood; A statement for health professionals from the committee on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity in the young (AHOY) of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young, American Heart Association. Circulation, 106: 143-60.

Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 315 - 324, 31.12.2020

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the attitudes of children towards heart health on their physical activity level. The study was conducted on 499 people from the age group of 12-13, 169 (33.9 %) of which were registered/club athletes and 330 (66.1 %) didn’t perform any sports in a sports club. As the data collection tools, the Personal Information Form, the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Scale for the Attitudes towards the Improvement of Heart Health in Children (SAIHHC) were used in the study. Although the attitudes of the children taking part in the study towards the hearth health were found out to be at a high level, their level of physical activity was medium. The physical activity level of the children who were registered/club athletes and their attitude towards the sub-dimensions of heart health and exercise were found to be higher compared to that of the children who didn’t perform any sports in a club. It can be said in general that the heart health attitude of children were at a high level, but they didn’t spare adequate time for physical activities.

References

  • Andersen, L.B., Harro, M., Sardinha, L.B., Froberg, K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., and Anderssen, S. A. (2006). Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: a cross-sectional study (The European Youth Heart Study). Lancet (London, England), 368(9532), 299–304.
  • Arvidson, C.R. Children’s cardiovascular health promotion attitude scale: An instrument development (Dissertation). Denton, TX: Texas Women’s University. USA. 1990.
  • Benjamin, H.J., and Glow, K.M. (2003). Strength Training for Children and Adolescents. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 31(9): 19-26.
  • Biddle, S. J., and Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 886–895.
  • Blanchard, C., Shilton, T., and Bull F. (2013). Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA): global leadership towards a raised profile. Global Health Promotion, 20(Supp. 4): 113-121.
  • Bös, K., Heel, J., Romahn, N., Tittlbach, S., Woll, A., Worth, A., and Hölling, H. (2002). Untersuchungen zur Motorik im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys [Examination of motor fitness within the scope of The Child and Adolescent Health Survey]. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)), 64 Suppl 1, S80–S87.
  • Bosdriesz, J. R., Witvliet, M. I., Visscher, T. L., and Kunst, A. E. (2012). The influence of the macro-environment on physical activity: a multilevel analysis of 38 countries worldwide. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 9, 110.
  • Bower, J. K., Hales, D. P., Tate, D. F., Rubin, D. A., Benjamin, S. E., and Ward, D. S. (2008). The childcare environment and children's physical activity. American journal of preventive medicine, 34(1), 23–29.
  • Cecchetto, F. H., Pena, D. B., and Pellanda, L. C. (2017). Playful Interventions Increase Knowledge about Healthy Habits and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: The CARDIOKIDS Randomized Study. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 109(3), 199–206.
  • Crocker, P.R., Bailey, D.A., Faulkner, R.A., Kowalski, K.C., and McGrath, R. (1997). Measuring general levels of physical activity: preliminary evidence for the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 29(10): 1344–1349.
  • Eagle, T.F., Gurm, R., Smith, C.A., Corriveau, N., DuRussell-Weston, J., Palma-Davis, L., Aaronson, S., Goldberg, C., Kline-Rogers, E., Cotts, T., Jackson, E.A., Eagle, K.A. (2013). A middle school intervention to improve health behaviors and reduce cardiac risk factors. The American Journal of Medicine, 126: 903-908.
  • Evans, L., Hall, M., Jones, C. M., and Neiman, A. (2007). Did the Ottawa Charter play a role in the push to assess the effectiveness of health promotion?. Promotion and education, Suppl 2, 28–30.
  • Fernandez-Jimenez, R., Al-Kazaz, M., Jaslow, R., Carvajal, I., and Fuster, V. (2018). Children Present a Window of Opportunity for Promoting Health: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(25): 3310–3319.
  • Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., Ekelund, U., and Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet (London, England), 380(9838), 247–257.
  • Haney, M.Ö., and Bahar, Z. (2014). Childrens’ Cardiovascular Health Promotion Attitude Scale’s Validity and Reliability. Electronic Journal of the School of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University. 7(2): 92-97.
  • Harrell, J. S., McMurray, R. G., Gansky, S. A., Bangdiwala, S. I., and Bradley, C. B. (1999). A public health vs a risk-based intervention to improve cardiovascular health in elementary school children: the Cardiovascular Health in Children Study. American journal of public health, 89(10), 1529–1535.
  • Hills, A. P., Dengel, D. R., and Lubans, D. R. (2015). Supporting public health priorities: recommendations for physical education and physical activity promotion in schools. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 57(4), 368–374.
  • Hozawa, A. (2011). Attributable fractions of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Epidemiology, 2: 81-86.
  • Kannel, W.B., and Dawber T.R. (1972). Atherosclerosis as a pediatric problem. The Journal of Pediatrics, 80: 544-54.
  • Katzmarzyk, P.T.,and Mason, C. (2009). The physical activity transition. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 6(3): 269-280.
  • Kohl, H. W., 3rd, Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., Kahlmeier, S., and Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health. Lancet (London, England), 380(9838), 294–305.
  • Kowalski, K., Crocker, P., and Donen R. The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual, file:///C:/Users/user /Downloads/ The Physical Activity Questionnaire_for_Older_Chil.pdf. 2004.
  • Kriemler, S., Meyer, U., Martin, E., van Sluijs, E. M., Andersen, L. B., and Martin, B. W. (2011). Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 923–930.
  • Lachat, C., Otchere, S., Roberfroid, D., Abdulai, A., Seret, F. M., Milesevic, J., Xuereb, G., Candeias, V., and Kolsteren, P. (2013). Diet and physical activity for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic policy review. PLoS medicine, 10(6), e1001465.
  • Manger, T.A., and Motta, R.W. (2005). The impact of an exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 7: 49-57.
  • McKenzie, T. L., Nader, P. R., Strikmiller, P. K., Yang, M., Stone, E. J., Perry, C. L., Taylor, W. C., Epping, J. N., Feldman, H. A., Luepker, R. V., and Kelder, S. H. (1996). School physical education: effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Preventive medicine, 25(4), 423–431.
  • Miller, M.P., Gillepie, J., Billian, A., Davel, S. (2001). Prevention of smoking behaviour in middle school students: student nurse interventions. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 18(2): 77-81.
  • Monda, K. L., Gordon-Larsen, P., Stevens, J., and Popkin, B. M. (2007). China's transition: the effect of rapid urbanization on adult occupational physical activity. Social science and medicine (1982), 64(4), 858–870.
  • Nader, P. R., Stone, E. J., Lytle, L. A., Perry, C. L., Osganian, S. K., Kelder, S., Webber, L. S., Elder, J. P., Montgomery, D., Feldman, H. A., Wu, M., Johnson, C., Parcel, G. S., and Luepker, R. V. (1999). Three-year maintenance of improved diet and physical activity: the CATCH cohort. Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Archives of pediatrics and adolescent medicine, 153(7), 695–704.
  • Orsini, N., Bellocco, R., Bottai, M., Pagano, M., and Wolk, A. (2006). Age and temporal trends of total physical activity among Swedish women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38(2), 240–245.
  • Özcan, C., Kılınç, S.,and Gülmez, H. (2013). School Health and Legal Status in Turkey. Ankara Medical Journal, 13(2): 71-81.
  • Pate, R. R., Dowda, M., Dishman, R. K., Colabianchi, N., Saunders, R. P., and McIver, K. L. (2019). Change in Children's Physical Activity: Predictors in the Transition From Elementary to Middle School. American journal of preventive medicine, 56(3), e65–e73.
  • Peñalvo, J. L., Sotos-Prieto, M., Santos-Beneit, G., Pocock, S., Redondo, J., and Fuster, V. (2013). The Program SI! intervention for enhancing a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers: first results from a cluster randomized trial. BMC public health, 13, 1208
  • Rouzbahani, A., Rouzbahani, R., Rouzbahani, H., Barkhordar, M., Rouzbahani, F., Rezaei, M., Rezaei, F., Ahmadi, F.R.M. (2009). Promotion of healthy heart knowledge and attitude in elementary school students in Shahrekord, Iran. ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal, 5: 64-68.
  • Sallis, J.F. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. American Journal of Public Health. 87(8): 1328-1334.
  • Salmon, P. (2000) Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 21: 33-61.
  • Sandercock, G., and Angus, C. (2010). Barton J. Physical activity levels of children living in different built environments. Journal of Preventive Medicine. 50: 193-198.
  • Santos-Beneit, G., Bodega, P., de Miguel, M., Rodríguez, C., Carral, V., Orrit, X., Haro, D., Carvajal, I., de Cos-Gandoy, A., Peñalvo, J. L., Gómez-Pardo, E., Oliva, B., Ibañez, B., Fernández-Alvira, J. M., Fernández-Jiménez, R., and Fuster, V. (2019). Rationale and design of the SI! Program for health promotion in elementary students aged 6 to 11 years: A cluster randomized trial. American heart journal, 210: 9-17.
  • Sert, Z.E., and Temel, A.B. (2014). Adaptation of Physical Activity Questionnaire to Turkish Community for Elemantary School Students: Validity and Reliability Study. Electronic Journal of the School of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University. 7(2): 109-114.
  • Simons-Morton, B.G., Taylor, W.C., and Huang IW. (1994). Validity of the Physical Activity Interview and Caltrac with Preadolescent Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65(1): 84-88.
  • Thompson, J. L., Davis, S. M., Gittelsohn, J., Going, S., Becenti, A., Metcalfe, L., Stone, E., Harnack, L., and Ring, K. (2001). Patterns of physical activity among American Indian children: an assessment of barriers and support. Journal of community health, 26(6), 423–445.
  • Williams, C.L., Hayman, L.L., Daniels, S.R., Robinson, T.N., Steinberger, J. and Paridon, S. (2003). Cardiovascular health in childhood; A statement for health professionals from the committee on atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity in the young (AHOY) of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young, American Heart Association. Circulation, 106: 143-60.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research
Authors

Mustafa Akıl

Elif Top

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akıl, M., & Top, E. (2020). Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 315-324.
AMA Akıl M, Top E. Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport. IntJCES. December 2020;6(2):315-324.
Chicago Akıl, Mustafa, and Elif Top. “Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport”. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 315-24.
EndNote Akıl M, Top E (December 1, 2020) Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 2 315–324.
IEEE M. Akıl and E. Top, “Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport”, IntJCES, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 315–324, 2020.
ISNAD Akıl, Mustafa - Top, Elif. “Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport”. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/2 (December 2020), 315-324.
JAMA Akıl M, Top E. Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport. IntJCES. 2020;6:315–324.
MLA Akıl, Mustafa and Elif Top. “Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport”. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, 2020, pp. 315-24.
Vancouver Akıl M, Top E. Effect of Heart Health Attitudes of Children on Their Physical Activity Level and Participation to Sport. IntJCES. 2020;6(2):315-24.