Tarihsel Gelişim Sürecinde Filistin'de Gazetecilik, Halkla İlişkiler ve Sosyal Medya
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 380 - 405, 29.12.2018
Uğur Gündüz
,
Hanadi Dwikat
Öz
Sosyal medyanın hayatımızda yerini alması sadece bireysel yaşantımızı değil aynı zamanda kitle iletişim araçları ve bu araçların çeşitli kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından kullanılmasını da etkilemiştir. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve yeni yöntem ve araçların ortaya çıkmasıyla halkla ilişkiler birimleri de basınla olan iletişimini bu yönde değiştirmek ve geliştirmek durumunda kalmıştır. Bunun en güzel örneği yaşadığımız dijital medya çağında ortaya çıkan sosyal medyanın halkla ilişkiler birimleri tarafından giderek daha fazla tercih edilmesi ve basın bildirileri ya da reklamlar gibi geleneksel araç ve yöntemlerin yerini almasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında Gazetecilik, Halkla İlişkiler ve Sosyal Medya kavramlarının tarihsel perspektiften analizi ve Filistin’deki durumunun incelenmesi ve yorumlanması amaçlanmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Adeb, M.(1960): “Arab press and its development since it was established”, dar El-Hekma Library, Beirut.
- Alanazi, S.(2013): A Study of Public Relations at King Saud University, A Research Paper Master of Arts, Indiana: Ball State University. Alkhouli,M.(2012): “Public Relations Practice in Palestinian Universities, 1994-2012”, University of Exeter Arab and Islamic Studies Phd. Thesis.
- Annual report (2016): Skeyes center for media and cultural freedom, (Çevrimiçi 07/07/2016) http://www.skeyesmedia.org/ar/Home
- Butterick, K.(2011): Introducing Public Relations Theory and Practice, London:Sage Publications.
- Encyclopedia Palestina: (Çevrimiçi 26/08/2014) http://www.palestinapedia.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9/, (06/03/2016)
- Essoulami, S.(2016): “The press in the Arab world: 100 years of suppressed freedom”, (Çevrimiçi) (Erişim: 01/06/2016) http://www.al- bab.com/media/introduction.htm
- Ghannam, J. (2011): “Social media in the Arab World: Leading up to the uprising of 2011”, Center for International Media Assistance, Washington.
- Greener, T. (2011): “Practical PR”, Toney Greener & Ventus publishing ApS.
- Khabha, M.(2004): Under the Eyes of the Censor: The Role of the Palestinian Press in the National Movement Between the Two World Wars”, Arab Academic Institute: Beit Berl College.
- Khawaldah, A. (2007): “The Palestinian Resistance Radio (1968-1982) and clarify its role in the cuase of the Palestinian people and resolve”, Scientific Research Papers.
- Litwin, M.L. (1994): The Public Relations Practitioner’s Playbook, USA: Authorhouse.Mellor N., Ayish M., Dajani N., Rinnawi K.(2011): “Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries”, Polity Press, Cambridge: United Kingdom.
- Özdalga, E.(2016): “Bir Tasavvur ve Ustalık Olarak Tarihsel Sosyoloji”, ed. Elisabeth Özdalga, Tarihsel Sosyoloji, İstanbul: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 8-63
- Rugh,W.(1979): “The Arab Press” Syracuse University, New York, United States of America.
- Shinar D., Rubinstein D. (1987): “Palestinian press in the west bank: the political dimentions” The Jerusalem Post.
- Suleiman, M.(2009): “Early printing presses in Palestine: A historical note”, Jerusalem Quarterly, Institute for Palestine studies.“Top languages of the internet, today and tomorrow”, (Çevrimiçi 06/07/2016)https://blog.unbabel.com/2015/06/10/top-languages-of-the-internet/
- Tarban, M. (2009): “the online Palestinian Media”, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2008/12/2 7/134133.html,
- Tarban, M. (2016): “The history of palestinian newspaper”, (Çevrimiçi) http://www.minfo.ps/arabic/index.php?pagess=main& id=136, (18/06/2016)
- Turban, M.(2010): “The Palestinian Press on the Ottoman Period”, (Çevrimiçi)http://www.startimes.com/f.aspx?t=25701155
- Yaghi, A.(1981): “Contemporary Palestinian Literary Life”, Al-Ofuq Printing House: Beirut.
- Yoush’a, Y.(1974): “History of Arabic journalism in Palestine during the Ottoman era 1908-1918” Dar Al- Maarif printing house, Jerusalem.
- Zaharna, R.S., Hammad, A.I., Masri, J. (2009): “Palestinian public relations Inside and out”, The Global Public Relations Handbook Theory,Research and Practice, eds. Krishnamurthy Sriramesh & Dejan Verčič, Routledge: United Kingdom, 220-242
- Zoghbi, P. (2016) “The first Arabic script printing press in Lebanon”, (Çevrimiçi 04/03/2016) http://blog.29lt.com/2009/01/05/the-first-arabic-press/, (Erişim:05/01/2009).
The Historical Evolution of Journalism, Public Relations and Social Media in Palestine
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 380 - 405, 29.12.2018
Uğur Gündüz
,
Hanadi Dwikat
Öz
Social media not only affects our individual lives but also plays an important role on media and how media is utilized by such actors as companies, institutions and organisations. As the
technology develops at a rapid pace with digital media tools and methods, the public relations departments recognize the obligation to keep up with the new developments and changes. One of the clearest repercussions of this has been materialized with the fact that public relations departments prefer to use social media in order to communicate with public and these conventional ways of press releases or advertisements yield to social media posts and releases. The aim of this study is to analyze the concepts of Journalism, Public Relations and
Social Media from a historical perspective and to examine and interpret the situation in Palestine..
Kaynakça
- Adeb, M.(1960): “Arab press and its development since it was established”, dar El-Hekma Library, Beirut.
- Alanazi, S.(2013): A Study of Public Relations at King Saud University, A Research Paper Master of Arts, Indiana: Ball State University. Alkhouli,M.(2012): “Public Relations Practice in Palestinian Universities, 1994-2012”, University of Exeter Arab and Islamic Studies Phd. Thesis.
- Annual report (2016): Skeyes center for media and cultural freedom, (Çevrimiçi 07/07/2016) http://www.skeyesmedia.org/ar/Home
- Butterick, K.(2011): Introducing Public Relations Theory and Practice, London:Sage Publications.
- Encyclopedia Palestina: (Çevrimiçi 26/08/2014) http://www.palestinapedia.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9/, (06/03/2016)
- Essoulami, S.(2016): “The press in the Arab world: 100 years of suppressed freedom”, (Çevrimiçi) (Erişim: 01/06/2016) http://www.al- bab.com/media/introduction.htm
- Ghannam, J. (2011): “Social media in the Arab World: Leading up to the uprising of 2011”, Center for International Media Assistance, Washington.
- Greener, T. (2011): “Practical PR”, Toney Greener & Ventus publishing ApS.
- Khabha, M.(2004): Under the Eyes of the Censor: The Role of the Palestinian Press in the National Movement Between the Two World Wars”, Arab Academic Institute: Beit Berl College.
- Khawaldah, A. (2007): “The Palestinian Resistance Radio (1968-1982) and clarify its role in the cuase of the Palestinian people and resolve”, Scientific Research Papers.
- Litwin, M.L. (1994): The Public Relations Practitioner’s Playbook, USA: Authorhouse.Mellor N., Ayish M., Dajani N., Rinnawi K.(2011): “Arab Media: Globalization and Emerging Media Industries”, Polity Press, Cambridge: United Kingdom.
- Özdalga, E.(2016): “Bir Tasavvur ve Ustalık Olarak Tarihsel Sosyoloji”, ed. Elisabeth Özdalga, Tarihsel Sosyoloji, İstanbul: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 8-63
- Rugh,W.(1979): “The Arab Press” Syracuse University, New York, United States of America.
- Shinar D., Rubinstein D. (1987): “Palestinian press in the west bank: the political dimentions” The Jerusalem Post.
- Suleiman, M.(2009): “Early printing presses in Palestine: A historical note”, Jerusalem Quarterly, Institute for Palestine studies.“Top languages of the internet, today and tomorrow”, (Çevrimiçi 06/07/2016)https://blog.unbabel.com/2015/06/10/top-languages-of-the-internet/
- Tarban, M. (2009): “the online Palestinian Media”, (Çevrimiçi) https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2008/12/2 7/134133.html,
- Tarban, M. (2016): “The history of palestinian newspaper”, (Çevrimiçi) http://www.minfo.ps/arabic/index.php?pagess=main& id=136, (18/06/2016)
- Turban, M.(2010): “The Palestinian Press on the Ottoman Period”, (Çevrimiçi)http://www.startimes.com/f.aspx?t=25701155
- Yaghi, A.(1981): “Contemporary Palestinian Literary Life”, Al-Ofuq Printing House: Beirut.
- Yoush’a, Y.(1974): “History of Arabic journalism in Palestine during the Ottoman era 1908-1918” Dar Al- Maarif printing house, Jerusalem.
- Zaharna, R.S., Hammad, A.I., Masri, J. (2009): “Palestinian public relations Inside and out”, The Global Public Relations Handbook Theory,Research and Practice, eds. Krishnamurthy Sriramesh & Dejan Verčič, Routledge: United Kingdom, 220-242
- Zoghbi, P. (2016) “The first Arabic script printing press in Lebanon”, (Çevrimiçi 04/03/2016) http://blog.29lt.com/2009/01/05/the-first-arabic-press/, (Erişim:05/01/2009).