İngiltere'de Erken Çocukluk Müdahalesi: Aile, ihtiyaçlar, standartlar ve değişimler

Abstract

Risk grubundaki çocuklar için erken müdahale, çocuklar ve aileleri için en iyi sonuçları sağlamada önemli bir etmen olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu makale İngiltere'de kuruluşlar arası çalışma ve iletişimi içeren uygun erken müdahale sağlama sürecini kolaylaştırıcı politika ve süreçleri belirtmektedir. Müdahalenin gerçekte nasıl işlediğini örnekleyen kısa bir durum çalışması ile teorinin nasıl uygulamaya dönüştüğünü araştırmaktadır. Bu durum çalışması, 21. yüzyılın başlarında hükümetin her çocuğun ihtiyacına kuruluşlar arası ve kuruluşlar ötesi çalışmalarla cevap verecek bir politika hazırladığı bir bağlamda gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu durum "Her Çocuk Önemlidir" (DfES 2004) başlıklı bir politika teknik incelemesinde yer almaktadır. 2010'un Mayıs ayında hükümet değişimine neden olan son genel seçimler, İngiltere'deki ekonomik durum kötüleşmesiyle beraber hâlihazırdaki uygulama ve politikaların geleceğiyle ilgili bir belirsizlik yaratmaktadır. Bu makale mevcut politika ve uygulamaları tartışmanın yanı sıra gelecekte hassas çocukların erken tanılaması ve hem çocukların hem de ailelerin ihtiyaçlarını etkili şekilde karşılayacak uygun hizmetlerin ve stratejilerin sağlanmasıyla ilgili olarak gelecekten beklenebilecekler konusunda varsayımda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Erken müdahale, politika, uygulama, İngiltere, çocuklar, aileler.

Early Childhood Intervention in the UK: Family, needs, standards and challenges

Abstract

Early intervention for vulnerable children is acknowledged as a critical factor in ensuring the best outcomes for children and their families. This paper outlines policies and processes in the United Kingdom which facilitate appropriate early intervention, including inter-agency working and communication. It explores how theory is translated into practice through a short case study exemplifying how intervention works in reality. This case study is set in a context of the early 21st century in the UK when the then labour government invested in a policy which set to address the needs of every child through inter- and trans- agency working. This was located in a policy white paper entitled 'Every Child Matters (DfES 2004). However, a recent general election leading to a change of government in May 2010, has created an unpredictable future for existing policies and practices which has been compounded by a worsening economic situation in the UK. Thus, the paper discusses both existing policy and practices but also hypothesizes on what the future might hold in terms of the early identification of vulnerable children and the provision of appropriate services and strategies to meet effectively these needs of both children and their families.

Keywords

• Early intervention
• policy
• practice
• UK
• children
• families.

References

1. C4EO (2009). Improving the Wellbeing of Disabled Children through Ealry Years Intervention (age 0-8). www.c4eo.org.uk/themes/disabledchildren/increasingquality/files/c4eo_improving_th e_wellbeing_through_early_years_scoping_study.pdf, retrieved 26.7.2010
2. Children’s Workforce Development Council (CWDC) (2007). The team around the child (TAC) and the lead professional. A guide for managers. Available on the http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/resources-and-practice/IG00064/, (retrieved 5.7.2010). website
3. Children’s Workforce Development Council (CWDC) (2010). The common core of skills and knowledge. http://www.cwdcouncil.org.uk/assets/0000/9297/CWDC_CommonCore7.pdf website (retrieved 1.7.2010). Available on the
4. Davis, H., Day, C., Bidmead, C. (2002). Working in partnership with parents: the parent advisor model. London: Harcourt Assessment.
5. Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) (2009). Parental experience of services for disabled children - Qualitative research (Phase 2). Exploring the findings from the national survey. London: DCSF Publications.
6. Department for Education and Skills (DfES) (2004). Every child matters. Change for children. London: DfES publications.
7. Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and Department of Health (DOH) (2002). Together from the start. Practical guidance for professionals working with children (birth to third birthday) and their families. London: DfES publications.
8. Department of Health, Home Office and Department of Education and Employment (1999). Working together to safeguard children. A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London: Stationery Office.

9. Home Office (1998). Supporting families. Green Paper. London: HMSO.
10. Horwath, J. (Ed.) (2010). The child‟s world - The comprehensive guide to assessing children in need. 2nd Edition. London: Jessica Kingsley.
11. Limbrick, P. (2007). Team around the child. Working in Partnership through Early Support. Distance Learning Text. London: DCSF publications.
12. Martin, K., Wilkin, A., Morris, M., O’Donnell, L., Sharp, C. (2009). Improving the wellbeing of disabled children through early years interventions (age 0-8). Centre for Excellence and Outcomes for Children and Young People‟s Services (C4EO), Disability Scoping Review http://www.c4eo.org.uk/themes/disabledchildren/increasingquality/files/c4eo_improvi ng_the_wellbeing_through_early_years_scoping_study.pdf (retrieved 1.7.2010).
13. Messenger, W. (2010). Reflective practice in early years. In Canning, N., Reed, M (Eds). London: Sage.
14. Messenger, W., & Robertson, C. (2009). Working with other professionals in early intervention: a UK perspective. Paper presented at the International Conference on Early Childhood Intervention. Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
15. Mooney, A., Owen, C., & Statham, J. (2008). Disabled children. Numbers, characteristics and local service provision. London: DCSF Publications.
16. Robertson, C. (2009). Changing times, changing children. Achieving quality in early intervention. Paper presented to International Conference on Early Childhood Intervention, Budapest, Hungary.
17. Robertson, C., & Cox, R. (2008) “How we do things around here”: Educational change and effective faculty leadership in post-Blair Britain‟. In McConachie, J., et al (Ed.), Changing University Learning and Teaching (25-37). Teneriffe, Australia: Post Pressed. www.c4eo.org.uk, retrieved on 26.7.2010