Voices of American and Israeli Early Childhood Educators on Inclusion
16 - 38, 30.06.2016
Shelley Alexander
David Brody
Meir Muller
Haggith Gor Ziv
Sigal Achituv
Chaya R. Gorsetman
Janet Harris
Clodie Tal
Roberta Goodman
Deborah Schein
İlene Vogelstein
Lyndall Miller
Abstract
This
study examines Israeli and American teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion in
early childhood and specifically explores the problems and opportunities
concerning inclusion in the United States and Israel that arise in Jewish
education. Through semi-structured interviews, four Israeli and three American
educators participating in communities of practice were asked to look at
themselves and the beliefs that inform their attitudes towards inclusion. The
researchers created a qualitative rubric suitable to analyze the interviews
from participants. Results indicate that a majority of the teachers voiced
support for inclusion of children with special needs but felt tension in
implementing an inclusive classroom due to multiple variables. The most
challenging issues for the teachers involve lack of efficacy, lack of support,
balancing needs of all stakeholders, and family cooperation. The article
concludes with recommendations to leaders and policy makers about the needs of
teachers to more effectively achieve high quality inclusive classrooms.
References
- Allen, E. K., & Cowdery, G. E. (2005). The exceptional child: inclusion in early childhood education (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
- Avramidis, E., Bayliss, P., & Burden, R. (2000). A survey into mainstream teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with special educational needs in the ordinary school in one local education authority. Educational Psychology, 20(2), 191-211.
- Beacham, N., & Rouse, M. (2012). Student teachers' attitudes and beliefs about inclusion and inclusive practice. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 12(1), 3-11.
- Bellah, E. R. N., Bellah, R. N., Tipton, S. M., Sullivan, W. M., Madsen, R., Swidler, A., ... & Tipton, S. M. (2007). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. Univ of California Press.
- Berry, R. A. (2010). Preservice and early career teachers' attitudes toward inclusion, instructional accommodations, and fairness: Three profiles. The Teacher Educator, 45(2), 75-95.
- Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Research for education. An introduction to theories and methods. NewYork: Pearson. Buber, M. (1970). I and Thou, trans. Walter Kaufmann, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- Buysse, V. & Hollingsworth, H. L. (2009). Program quality and early childhood inclusion recommendations for professional development. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 29(2), 119-128.
- Cachia, M. & Millward, L. (2011). The telephone medium and semi-structured interviews: A complementary fit. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 6(3), 265-277.
- Cassady, J. M. (2011). Teachers' attitudes toward the inclusion of students with autism and emotional behavioral disorder. Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 2(7), 5.
- Drabble, L., Trocki, K., Salcedo, B., Walker, P., & Korcha, R. (2015). Conducting qualitative interviews by telephone: Lessons learned from a study of alcohol use among sexual minority and heterosexual women. Qualitative Social Work.
- Das, A., & Shah, R. (2014). Special Education Today in India. Special Education International Perspectives: Practices Across the Globe (Advances in Special Education, Volume 28) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 28, 561-581.
- de Boer, A., Pijl, S. J., & Minnaert, A. (2011). Regular primary schoolteachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education: A review of the literature. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15(3), 331-353. Disabilities Inclusion Learning Center. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://disabilitiesinclusion.org.
- Dunlap, G. & Fox, L. (2011). Function-based interventions for children with challenging behavior. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 333-343.
- Engelbrecht, P. (2013). Teacher education for inclusion, international perspectives. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28(2), 115-118.
- Forlin, C. (2010). Teacher education reform for enhancing teachers’ preparedness for inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(7), 649-653.
- Forlin, C., Sharma, U., & Loreman, T. (2007). An international comparison of preservice teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. Disability Studies Quarterly, 27(4). Frankel, E. B., Gold, S., & Ajodhia-Andrews, A. (2010). International preschool inclusion: Bridging the gap between vision and practices. Young Exceptional Children, 13(5), 2-16.
- Frankel, E. B., Hutchinson, N. L., Burbidge, J., & Minnes, P. (2014). Preservice early childhood educators’ and elementary teachers’ perspectives on including young children with developmental disabilities: A mixed methods analysis. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 35(4), 373-391.
- Gill, C. J., Kewman, D. G. & Brannon, R. W. (2003) Transforming psychological practice and society: Policies that reflect the new paradigm. American Psychologist, 58, 305-312.
- Hawkins, K. (2014). Teaching for social justice, social responsibility and social inclusion: a respectful pedagogy for twenty-first century early childhood education. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 22(5), 723738.
- Hernandez, S. J. (2013). Collaboration in Special Education: Its History, Evolution, and Critical Factors Necessary for Successful Implementation. Online Submission, 3(6), 480-498.
- Holler, R. (2014) Disability and employment policy in the Israeli welfare state: Between exclusion and inclusion, Disability & Society, 29:9, 1369-1382. Inclusion of People with Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://www.uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/SocialAction/Accessibility/defau lt.aspx.
- Irwin, S.H., Lero, D.S., & Brophy, K. (2004). Inclusion: The next generation in child care in Canada. Wreck Cove, NS: Breton Books.
- Jordan, A., Schwartz, E., & McGhie-Richmond, D. (2009). Preparing teachers for inclusive classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(4), 535-542.
- Jordan, A., & Stanovich, P. (2004). The beliefs and practices of Canadian teachers about including students with special needs in their regular elementary classrooms. Exceptionality Education Canada, 14, 25-46.
- Kelly, P. (2006). What is teacher learning? A socio-cultural perspective. Oxford Review of Education, 32(4), 505-519.
- Kozleski, E. B., & Waitoller, F. R. (2010). Teacher learning for inclusive education: Understanding teaching as a cultural and political practice. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(7), 655-666.
- Lang, R. (2007). The development and critique of the social model of disability. London: Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre.
- Lechuga, V. M. (2012). Exploring culture from a distance: The utility of telephone interviews in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 25(3), 251-268.
- Levinas, E. (1972). Humanism of the Other, trans. Nidra Poller (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003), 26.
- Maloney, C., & Konza, D. (2011). A case study of teachers' professional learning: Becoming a community of professional learning or not?. Issues in Educational Research, 21(1), 75-87.
- Martin, J. J. (2013). Benefits and barriers to physical activity for individuals with disabilities: a social-relational model of disability perspective. Disability & Rehabilitation, 35(24), 2030-2037.
- Novick, R. M., & Glanz, J. (2011). Special Education: “And You Shall Do That Which Is Right and Good…” Jewish Special Education in North America: From Exclusion to Inclusion (pp. 1021-1040). Springer Netherlands.
- Odom, S. L., Buysse, V., & Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with disabilities a quarter century of research perspectives. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 344-356.
- Odom, S. L., Hanson, M. J., Lieber, J., Marquart, J., Sandall, S., Wolery, R., ... & Chambers, J. (2001). The costs of preschool inclusion. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 21(1), 46-55.
- Piaget, J. (1952). Autobiography. In E. G. Boring, H. Werner, H. S. Langfeld & R. M. Yerkes (Eds.). A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. IV, pp. 237-256). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
- Reeve, D. (2004). Psycho-emotional dimensions of disability and the social model. Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research, 83-100.
- Romi, S. and Leyser, Y. 2006. Exploring inclusion pre-service training needs: A study of variable associated with attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(1): 86–105.
- Soodak, L., Podell, D., & Lehman, L. (1998). Teacher, student, and school attributes as predictors of teachers' responses to inclusion. The Journal of Special Education, 31(4), 480-497.
- Stephens, N. (2007). Collecting data from elites and ultra elites: Telephone and face-toface interviews with macroeconomists. Qualitative Research 7(2), 203-216.
- Sze, S. (2009). A literature review: Pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward students with disabilities. Education, 130(1), 53-56.
- Yachad NJCD (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from https://www.njcd.org/.
16 - 38, 30.06.2016
Shelley Alexander
David Brody
Meir Muller
Haggith Gor Ziv
Sigal Achituv
Chaya R. Gorsetman
Janet Harris
Clodie Tal
Roberta Goodman
Deborah Schein
İlene Vogelstein
Lyndall Miller
References
- Allen, E. K., & Cowdery, G. E. (2005). The exceptional child: inclusion in early childhood education (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
- Avramidis, E., Bayliss, P., & Burden, R. (2000). A survey into mainstream teachers' attitudes towards the inclusion of children with special educational needs in the ordinary school in one local education authority. Educational Psychology, 20(2), 191-211.
- Beacham, N., & Rouse, M. (2012). Student teachers' attitudes and beliefs about inclusion and inclusive practice. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 12(1), 3-11.
- Bellah, E. R. N., Bellah, R. N., Tipton, S. M., Sullivan, W. M., Madsen, R., Swidler, A., ... & Tipton, S. M. (2007). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. Univ of California Press.
- Berry, R. A. (2010). Preservice and early career teachers' attitudes toward inclusion, instructional accommodations, and fairness: Three profiles. The Teacher Educator, 45(2), 75-95.
- Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Research for education. An introduction to theories and methods. NewYork: Pearson. Buber, M. (1970). I and Thou, trans. Walter Kaufmann, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- Buysse, V. & Hollingsworth, H. L. (2009). Program quality and early childhood inclusion recommendations for professional development. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 29(2), 119-128.
- Cachia, M. & Millward, L. (2011). The telephone medium and semi-structured interviews: A complementary fit. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 6(3), 265-277.
- Cassady, J. M. (2011). Teachers' attitudes toward the inclusion of students with autism and emotional behavioral disorder. Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 2(7), 5.
- Drabble, L., Trocki, K., Salcedo, B., Walker, P., & Korcha, R. (2015). Conducting qualitative interviews by telephone: Lessons learned from a study of alcohol use among sexual minority and heterosexual women. Qualitative Social Work.
- Das, A., & Shah, R. (2014). Special Education Today in India. Special Education International Perspectives: Practices Across the Globe (Advances in Special Education, Volume 28) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 28, 561-581.
- de Boer, A., Pijl, S. J., & Minnaert, A. (2011). Regular primary schoolteachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education: A review of the literature. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15(3), 331-353. Disabilities Inclusion Learning Center. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://disabilitiesinclusion.org.
- Dunlap, G. & Fox, L. (2011). Function-based interventions for children with challenging behavior. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 333-343.
- Engelbrecht, P. (2013). Teacher education for inclusion, international perspectives. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28(2), 115-118.
- Forlin, C. (2010). Teacher education reform for enhancing teachers’ preparedness for inclusion. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(7), 649-653.
- Forlin, C., Sharma, U., & Loreman, T. (2007). An international comparison of preservice teacher attitudes towards inclusive education. Disability Studies Quarterly, 27(4). Frankel, E. B., Gold, S., & Ajodhia-Andrews, A. (2010). International preschool inclusion: Bridging the gap between vision and practices. Young Exceptional Children, 13(5), 2-16.
- Frankel, E. B., Hutchinson, N. L., Burbidge, J., & Minnes, P. (2014). Preservice early childhood educators’ and elementary teachers’ perspectives on including young children with developmental disabilities: A mixed methods analysis. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 35(4), 373-391.
- Gill, C. J., Kewman, D. G. & Brannon, R. W. (2003) Transforming psychological practice and society: Policies that reflect the new paradigm. American Psychologist, 58, 305-312.
- Hawkins, K. (2014). Teaching for social justice, social responsibility and social inclusion: a respectful pedagogy for twenty-first century early childhood education. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 22(5), 723738.
- Hernandez, S. J. (2013). Collaboration in Special Education: Its History, Evolution, and Critical Factors Necessary for Successful Implementation. Online Submission, 3(6), 480-498.
- Holler, R. (2014) Disability and employment policy in the Israeli welfare state: Between exclusion and inclusion, Disability & Society, 29:9, 1369-1382. Inclusion of People with Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://www.uscj.org/JewishLivingandLearning/SocialAction/Accessibility/defau lt.aspx.
- Irwin, S.H., Lero, D.S., & Brophy, K. (2004). Inclusion: The next generation in child care in Canada. Wreck Cove, NS: Breton Books.
- Jordan, A., Schwartz, E., & McGhie-Richmond, D. (2009). Preparing teachers for inclusive classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(4), 535-542.
- Jordan, A., & Stanovich, P. (2004). The beliefs and practices of Canadian teachers about including students with special needs in their regular elementary classrooms. Exceptionality Education Canada, 14, 25-46.
- Kelly, P. (2006). What is teacher learning? A socio-cultural perspective. Oxford Review of Education, 32(4), 505-519.
- Kozleski, E. B., & Waitoller, F. R. (2010). Teacher learning for inclusive education: Understanding teaching as a cultural and political practice. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(7), 655-666.
- Lang, R. (2007). The development and critique of the social model of disability. London: Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre.
- Lechuga, V. M. (2012). Exploring culture from a distance: The utility of telephone interviews in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 25(3), 251-268.
- Levinas, E. (1972). Humanism of the Other, trans. Nidra Poller (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003), 26.
- Maloney, C., & Konza, D. (2011). A case study of teachers' professional learning: Becoming a community of professional learning or not?. Issues in Educational Research, 21(1), 75-87.
- Martin, J. J. (2013). Benefits and barriers to physical activity for individuals with disabilities: a social-relational model of disability perspective. Disability & Rehabilitation, 35(24), 2030-2037.
- Novick, R. M., & Glanz, J. (2011). Special Education: “And You Shall Do That Which Is Right and Good…” Jewish Special Education in North America: From Exclusion to Inclusion (pp. 1021-1040). Springer Netherlands.
- Odom, S. L., Buysse, V., & Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with disabilities a quarter century of research perspectives. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 344-356.
- Odom, S. L., Hanson, M. J., Lieber, J., Marquart, J., Sandall, S., Wolery, R., ... & Chambers, J. (2001). The costs of preschool inclusion. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 21(1), 46-55.
- Piaget, J. (1952). Autobiography. In E. G. Boring, H. Werner, H. S. Langfeld & R. M. Yerkes (Eds.). A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. IV, pp. 237-256). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
- Reeve, D. (2004). Psycho-emotional dimensions of disability and the social model. Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research, 83-100.
- Romi, S. and Leyser, Y. 2006. Exploring inclusion pre-service training needs: A study of variable associated with attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(1): 86–105.
- Soodak, L., Podell, D., & Lehman, L. (1998). Teacher, student, and school attributes as predictors of teachers' responses to inclusion. The Journal of Special Education, 31(4), 480-497.
- Stephens, N. (2007). Collecting data from elites and ultra elites: Telephone and face-toface interviews with macroeconomists. Qualitative Research 7(2), 203-216.
- Sze, S. (2009). A literature review: Pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward students with disabilities. Education, 130(1), 53-56.
- Yachad NJCD (n.d.). Retrieved February 23, 2015, from https://www.njcd.org/.