Adölesan Sporcularda Yeme Bozuklukları: Yaygınlık, Tanı ve Tedavi Yönetimi

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 43 - 52, 31.12.2023

Nesibe Büşra Diler Orakçı , Pınar Göbel

https://doi.org/10.51538/intjourexerpsyc.1272563

Abstract

Yeme bozuklukları; düzensiz yeme davranışlarıyla başlayabilen, çeşitli sebeplerle ortaya çıkabilen, ciddi komplikasyonlara yol açabilen ve yüksek mortalite oranına sahip psikiyatrik bozukluklardır. Adölesan dönemde görülen beden-benlik ilişkisi, fiziksel ve sosyal olarak kabul görme/beğenilme arzusu yeme bozukluğunu artıran risk faktörlerindendir. Sporculuktaki mükemmeliyetçilik ve rekabetçilik durumu adölesan dönemle birleştiğinde bu oran çok daha fazla artmaktadır. Özellikle adölesan sporcularda; bedensel imaj kaygıları, takım arkadaşlarıyla kıyas, kaslı olma, zayıf görünme, başarı beklentisi, aile/çevre/antrenör baskısı gibi çok çeşitli endişeler sebebiyle sporcu olmayanlara göre yeme bozukluğu prevalansı çok daha yüksektir. Dönemin getirdiği parametreler de incelenerek adölesan sporcuları değerlendirmek tanı kriterleri açısından elzemdir. Spor hekimi, spor diyetisyeni, psikiyatrist, psikolog ve antrenörler iş birliği ile çalışmalı; tanı ve tedavi için multidisipliner yol izlenmelidir. Bu aşamada sporcuya özgü kullanılan tarama araçları, takip değerlendirmeleri kullanılmalıdır. Tanı, tedavi ve tüm yeme bozukluklarını önleme yaklaşımlarında; sporcunun, ailenin, antrenörün ve tüm spor çalışanlarının eğitimi oldukça önemlidir. Sporcu ve sporcuyla çalışan ekipte her bireyin bilinçli olması çeşitli yeme bozukluklarını önleyebilecek, olası durumlarda erken müdaheleyle hızlı iyileşmeyi sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışma; sporcular üzerinde düzensiz yeme ve yeme bozukluğunda tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla güncel literatür taranarak yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Adölesan, sporcu, yeme bozukluğu, eğitim, beslenme

Eating Disorders in Adolescent Athletes: Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment Management

Abstract

Eating disorders; are psychiatric disorders that can start with irregular eating behaviors, occur for various reasons, lead to serious complications, and have a high mortality rate. The body-self relationship seen in adolescence and the desire to be accepted/liked physically and socially are among the risk factors that increase eating disorders. This rate increases much more when perfectionism and competitiveness in sportsmanship are combined with the adolescent period. Especially in adolescent athletes, the prevalence of eating disorders is much higher than in non-athletes due to a wide range of concerns such as body image concerns, comparison with teammates, being muscular, looking weak, expectation of success, and family/environment/coach pressure. It is essential to evaluate adolescent athletes by examining the parameters of the period in terms of diagnostic criteria. Sports physicians, dietitians, psychiatrists, psychologists and coaches should cooperate; multidisciplinary pathways should be followed for diagnosis and treatment. At this stage, screening tools and follow-up evaluations specific to the athlete should be used. In diagnosing, treating, and preventing all eating disorders, training the athlete, family, coach and all sports personnel is very important. The awareness of each individual in the team working with the athlete and the athlete will prevent various eating disorders and provide rapid recovery with early intervention in possible situations. This study; the current literature was searched in order to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment methods in disordered eating and eating disorders on sports athletes.

Keywords

adolescent, athlete, eating disorder, education, nutrition

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