Research Article
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Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Leg Press One Repetition Maximum Performance

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 140 - 149, 22.06.2018

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of different warm-up protocols on one repetition maximum
(1RM) leg press performance, 23 rowers (age 21.48±3.12 years, height 185.17±8.22 cm,
body mass 83.86 ±8.7 kg.) completed 1RM leg press tests after four different general warmup
conditions with a standardized specific warm-up. The workloads of the warm-up protocols
were individually designed according to the results of the incremental maximal rowing
ergometer test that applied initially. The duration of the protocols were fixed as 15 minutes
(min.) for each participant, but there were differences in the intensity of the warm-up. In
statistical analysis, warm-up conditions were set as fixed factor while participants as a random
factor. Tukey post hoc test was employed whenever a significant difference was found. A
probability level of 0.05 was established to determine statistical significance. All statistical
analyses were conducted using SPPS version 20.
As a conclusion, approximately 4% higher 1 RM results were obtained after low intensity
(40% of VO2Max) protocols which contain two intermittent sprints that last 15 seconds in the
last 5 min. of the protocol. Thus, the results of the present study are important for both
practical and research environments.

References

  • Akca F (2014). Prediction of rowing ergometer performance from functional anaerobic power, strength and anthropometric components. J Hum Kinet 41(1):133-142.
  • Akca F, Muniroglu S (2008). Anthropometric-somatotype and strength profiles and on-water performance in Turkish elite kayakers. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 20:22-34.
  • Bacurau RF, Monteiro GA, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V, Cabral LF, Aoki MS (2009). Acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching exercise bout on flexibility and maximal strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23(1):304-308.
  • Baechle TR, Earle RW (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics-National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.). xiv, 641 p. p.
  • Barroso R, Silva-Batista C, Tricoli V, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C (2013). The effects of different intensities and durations of the general warm-up on leg press 1RM. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27(4):1009-1013.
  • Bishop D (2003a). Warm up I - Potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Medicine 33(6):439-454.
  • Bishop D (2003b). Warm up II - Performance changes to structure the warm following active warm up and how up. Sports Medicine 33(7):483-498.
  • Bishop D, Bonetti D, Spencer M (2003). The effect of an intermittent, high-intensity warm-up on supramaximal kayak ergometer performance. Journal of Sports Sciences 21(1):13-20.
  • Borg GA (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 14(5):377-381.
  • Brown LE, Weir JP (2001). ASEP procedures recommendation I: Accurate assessment of muscular strength and power. JEP Online 4:1-21.
  • Chun-Jung H, Nesser TW, Edwards JE (2007). Strength and Power Determinants of Rowing Performance. JEP Online 10(4):43-50.
  • Costa PB, Herda TJ, Herda AA, Cramer JT (2014). Effects of dynamic stretching on strength, muscle imbalance, and muscle activation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 46(3):586-593.
  • Garcia-Pallares J, Garcia-Fernandez M, Sanchez-Medina L, Izquierdo M (2010). Performance changes in world-class kayakers following two different training periodization models. European Journal of Applied Physiology 110(1):99-107.
  • García-Pallarés J, Sánchez-Medina L, Carrasco L, Díaz A, Izquierdo M (2009). Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle. European Journal of Applied Physiology 106(4):629-638.
  • Gee TI, Olsen PD, Berger NJ, Golby J, Thompson KG (2011). Strength and conditioning practices in rowing. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25(3):668-682.
  • Gourgoulis V, Aggeloussis N, Kasimatis P, Mavromatis G, Garas A (2003). Effect of a submaximal half-squats warm-up program on vertical jumping ability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17(2):342-344.
  • Hahn A, Bourdon P, R. T (2000). Physiological tests for elite athletes. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics. xiv, 465 p.
  • Kraemer WJ (1997). A series of studies - The physiological basis for strength training in American football: Fact over philosophy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 11(3):131-142.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2011a). Strength Testing and Training of Rowers A Review. Sports Medicine 41(5):413-432.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2011b). Strength testing and training of rowers: a review. Sports Medicine 41(5):413-432.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2012). Anthropometry, strength, and benchmarks for development: a basis for junior rowers' selection? Journal of Sports Sciences 30(10):995- 1001.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2013). Strength, power, and muscular endurance exercise and elite rowing ergometer performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27(7):1928-1935.
  • McKean MR, Burkett BJ (2014). The influence of upper-body strength on flat-water sprint kayak performance in elite athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 9(4):707-714.
  • McNeely E, Sandler D, Bamel S (2005). Strength and Power Goals for Competitive Rowers. Strength Cond J 27(3):10-15.
  • O'Neill T, Skelton A (2004). Indoor Rowing Training Guide. Nottingham, UK: Concept 2 Ltd. Pescatello LS (2014). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. xxiv, 456 p. p.
  • Price MJ, Campbell IG (1997). Thermoregulatory responses of paraplegic and able-bodied athletes at rest and during prolonged upper body exercise and passive recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 76(6):552-560.
  • Rubini EC, Costa AL, Gomes PS (2007). The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Medicine 37(3):213-224.
  • Stewart D, Macaluso A, De Vito G (2003). The effect of an active warm-up on surface EMG and muscle performance in healthy humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology 89(6):509-513.
  • Woods K, Bishop P, Jones E (2007). Warm-up and stretching in the prevention of muscular injury. Sports Medicine 37(12):1089-1099.
  • Yoshiga CC, Higuchi M (2003). Bilateral leg extension power and fat-free mass in young oarsmen. Journal of Sports Sciences 21(11):905-909.
Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 140 - 149, 22.06.2018

Abstract

References

  • Akca F (2014). Prediction of rowing ergometer performance from functional anaerobic power, strength and anthropometric components. J Hum Kinet 41(1):133-142.
  • Akca F, Muniroglu S (2008). Anthropometric-somatotype and strength profiles and on-water performance in Turkish elite kayakers. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 20:22-34.
  • Bacurau RF, Monteiro GA, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V, Cabral LF, Aoki MS (2009). Acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching exercise bout on flexibility and maximal strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23(1):304-308.
  • Baechle TR, Earle RW (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics-National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.). xiv, 641 p. p.
  • Barroso R, Silva-Batista C, Tricoli V, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C (2013). The effects of different intensities and durations of the general warm-up on leg press 1RM. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27(4):1009-1013.
  • Bishop D (2003a). Warm up I - Potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Medicine 33(6):439-454.
  • Bishop D (2003b). Warm up II - Performance changes to structure the warm following active warm up and how up. Sports Medicine 33(7):483-498.
  • Bishop D, Bonetti D, Spencer M (2003). The effect of an intermittent, high-intensity warm-up on supramaximal kayak ergometer performance. Journal of Sports Sciences 21(1):13-20.
  • Borg GA (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 14(5):377-381.
  • Brown LE, Weir JP (2001). ASEP procedures recommendation I: Accurate assessment of muscular strength and power. JEP Online 4:1-21.
  • Chun-Jung H, Nesser TW, Edwards JE (2007). Strength and Power Determinants of Rowing Performance. JEP Online 10(4):43-50.
  • Costa PB, Herda TJ, Herda AA, Cramer JT (2014). Effects of dynamic stretching on strength, muscle imbalance, and muscle activation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 46(3):586-593.
  • Garcia-Pallares J, Garcia-Fernandez M, Sanchez-Medina L, Izquierdo M (2010). Performance changes in world-class kayakers following two different training periodization models. European Journal of Applied Physiology 110(1):99-107.
  • García-Pallarés J, Sánchez-Medina L, Carrasco L, Díaz A, Izquierdo M (2009). Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle. European Journal of Applied Physiology 106(4):629-638.
  • Gee TI, Olsen PD, Berger NJ, Golby J, Thompson KG (2011). Strength and conditioning practices in rowing. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25(3):668-682.
  • Gourgoulis V, Aggeloussis N, Kasimatis P, Mavromatis G, Garas A (2003). Effect of a submaximal half-squats warm-up program on vertical jumping ability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17(2):342-344.
  • Hahn A, Bourdon P, R. T (2000). Physiological tests for elite athletes. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics. xiv, 465 p.
  • Kraemer WJ (1997). A series of studies - The physiological basis for strength training in American football: Fact over philosophy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 11(3):131-142.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2011a). Strength Testing and Training of Rowers A Review. Sports Medicine 41(5):413-432.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2011b). Strength testing and training of rowers: a review. Sports Medicine 41(5):413-432.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2012). Anthropometry, strength, and benchmarks for development: a basis for junior rowers' selection? Journal of Sports Sciences 30(10):995- 1001.
  • Lawton TW, Cronin JB, McGuigan MR (2013). Strength, power, and muscular endurance exercise and elite rowing ergometer performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27(7):1928-1935.
  • McKean MR, Burkett BJ (2014). The influence of upper-body strength on flat-water sprint kayak performance in elite athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 9(4):707-714.
  • McNeely E, Sandler D, Bamel S (2005). Strength and Power Goals for Competitive Rowers. Strength Cond J 27(3):10-15.
  • O'Neill T, Skelton A (2004). Indoor Rowing Training Guide. Nottingham, UK: Concept 2 Ltd. Pescatello LS (2014). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. xxiv, 456 p. p.
  • Price MJ, Campbell IG (1997). Thermoregulatory responses of paraplegic and able-bodied athletes at rest and during prolonged upper body exercise and passive recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 76(6):552-560.
  • Rubini EC, Costa AL, Gomes PS (2007). The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports Medicine 37(3):213-224.
  • Stewart D, Macaluso A, De Vito G (2003). The effect of an active warm-up on surface EMG and muscle performance in healthy humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology 89(6):509-513.
  • Woods K, Bishop P, Jones E (2007). Warm-up and stretching in the prevention of muscular injury. Sports Medicine 37(12):1089-1099.
  • Yoshiga CC, Higuchi M (2003). Bilateral leg extension power and fat-free mass in young oarsmen. Journal of Sports Sciences 21(11):905-909.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fırat Akça

Ersan Arslan This is me

Dicle Aras This is me

Publication Date June 22, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akça, F., Arslan, E., & Aras, D. (2018). Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Leg Press One Repetition Maximum Performance. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 6(2), 140-149.
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).