Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 35 - 47, 31.03.2020

Abstract

References

  • Altıntaş, A. (2015). Sporcuların Zihinsel Dayanıklılıklarının Belirlenmesinde Optimal Performans Duygu Durumu, Güdülenme Düzeyi ve Hedef Yöneliminin Rolü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Bhambri E, Dhillon PK, Sahni SP. Effect of psychological interventions in enhancing mental toughness dimensions of sports persons. Journal Of The Indian Academy Of Applied Psychology. 2005;31(1-2),65-70.
  • Bruin, Karin. Bakker, Frank C. Oudejans, Raôul R, (2009). “Achievement Goal Theory And Disordered Eating: Relationships Of Disordered Eating With Goal Orientations And Motivational Climate İn Female Gymnasts And Dancers”, Psychology of Sport ve Exercise, Vol.10, pp.72-79.
  • Clough P, Earle K., Sewell D Mental Toughness: The Concept and Its Measurement. In Cockerill I, Solutions in Sport Psychology. 1st ed. 2002, (p. 32-45). London: Thomson .
  • Crust, L. (2009). The relationship between mental toughness and affect intensity. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 959-963.
  • Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A., & Clough, P. J. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87-91.
  • Crust, L. A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for future researcher*/s. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 45: 576- 583.
  • Dede, Y. E. (2019). Elit Güreşçilerin Zihinsel Dayanıklılıklarının İncelenmesi (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın)
  • Duda, Joan L, (1988). “The relationship between goal perspectives and persistence and intensity among recreational sport participants”, Leisure Studies, Vol.10, pp.95-106.
  • Duda, Joan L, (1989). “Goal Perspectives, Participation And Persistence İn Sport”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol.20, pp.42-56.
  • Duda, Joan L. John G Nicholls, (1992a). “Dimensions Of Achievement Motivation İn Schoolwork And Sport”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.84 pp. 290-299.
  • Duda, Joan L, (1992b). “Motivation in Sport Setting: A Goal Perspective Approach, In Roberts”, Motivation in Sport and Exercise, Champaign, Illinois:Human Kinetics, pp. 57- 91.
  • Erdoğan N, Kocaekşi S. Elit sporcuların sahip olması gereken psikolojik özellikler. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences. 2015;7(2), 57–64.
  • Fernandes, H. M. Rodrigues A. D Lázaro J. Vasconcelos-Raposo J, (2009). “Characterization of the negativism, activation, self-confidence and cognitive orientations levels of alpinists”, Motricidade, Vol. 5, Num. 2, pp.63-86.
  • Flores, Jairo. Salguero Alfonso. Márquez Sara, (2008). “Goal orientations and perceptions of the motivational climate in physical education classes among Colombian students”, In Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol.246, pp.1441-1449.
  • Fisher, S., & Hood, B. (1987). The stress of the transition to university: a longitudinal study of psychological disturbance, absent‐mindedness and vulnerability to homesickness. British journal of psychology, 78(4), 425-441.
  • Gould D, Dieffenbach K, Moffett A. Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic Champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2002;14(3),172-204.
  • Gould D, Hodge K, Peterson K, Petlichkoff L. Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist. 1987;1(4),293-308.
  • Gürer, B. (2015). The investigation of problem solving skill of the mountaineers in terms of demographic variables. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(11), 1496-1504.
  • Hardy L, Bell J, Beattie S. A neuropsychological model of mentally tough behavior. Journal of Personality. 2014;82(1), 69-81.
  • Jagacinski, Carolyn M. Nicholls John G, (1984). “Conceptions of ability and related affects in task involvement and ego involvement”, J Educational Psychology, Vol.5, pp. 909-919.
  • Jones G., Hanton S, Connaughton D. A framework of mental toughness in the 7 world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist. 2007;21:243-264.
  • Kristiansen, E., Roberts, G. C., & Abrahamsen, F. E. (2008). Achievement involvement and stres coping in elite wrestling. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18(4), 526-538.
  • Konter, E. Sporda motivasyon. İzmir: Saray Tıp Kitapevleri 2015, s 45.
  • Kocaeşki, Serdar, (2010). Hentbol Bayan Milli Takımında Zaman Değişimi ve Performansın Grup Sargınlığı, Sportif Kendine Güven, Öz-Yeterlik, Hedef Yönelimi ve Yarışma Kaygısı Üzerine Etkisi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Kuan G, Roy J. Goal profiles, mental toughness, and its influence on performance outcomes among wushu athletes. Journal of Sports Scienve and Medicine. 2007;6:28-33.
  • Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C., & Crust, L. (2011). Mental toughness, coping self-efficacy, and coping effectiveness among athletes. International Journal of Sport psychology, 42(6), 513-524.
  • Nicholls, John G, (1984). “Achievement motivation: Concepts of ability, subjective experience, task choice and performance”, Psychological Rev, Vol.91, pp.329-346.
  • MacKinnon, L. T. (2000). Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes. Immunology and cell biology, 78(5), 502-509.
  • Maffulli, N., Margiotti, K., Longo, U. G., Loppini, M., Fazio, V. M., & Denaro, V. (2013). The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance. Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal, 3(3), 173.
  • Marchant, D. C., Polman, R. C., Clough, P. J., Jackson, J. G., Levy, A. R., & Nicholls, A. R. (2009). Mental toughness: Managerial and age differences. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(5), 428-437.
  • Murcia, Juan Antonio Moreno. Eduardo Cervelló Gimeno. David González-Cutre Coll, (2008). “Relationship among goal orientations, motivational climate and flow in adolescent athletes: differences by gender” The Spanish Journal of Psychology, Vol.11 Num. 1, pp. 181-191.
  • Potgieter, Rhena. Delport Andhendrık. Steyn, Ben, (2010). “Goal Orientation, Self-Theories And Reactions To Success And Failure İn Competitive Sport”, African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation ve Dance, Vol. 16, Num. 4, pp.635
  • Rugg, C., Kadoor, A., Feeley, B. T., & Pandya, N. K. (2018). The effects of playing multiple high school sports on National Basketball Association players’ propensity for injury and athletic performance. The American journal of sports medicine, 46(2), 402-408.
  • Üngür, Gamze, (2009). Amatör Ve Profesyonel Futbolcularda Hedef Yönelimi Ve Algılanan Motivasyonel İklim Arasındaki İlişki, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Thelwell R, Weston N, Greenlees I. ‘Defining and understanding mental toughness within soccer’. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2005;17:326– 332.
  • Toros, Turhan, (2002). “Elit ve Elit Olmayan Erkek Basketbolcularda Hedef Yönelimi, Güdüsel İklim ve Yaşam Doyumunun, Spor Yapma Süresine Bağlı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi”, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, S. 1. ss.24-36.
  • Toros, Turhan. Ünsal Yetim, (2000). “Elit Bayan Basketbolcularda Hedef Yönelimi Ve Güdüsel Motivasyonel İklimin Yaşam Doyumu İle İlişkisi”, Hacettepe Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Toy, A. B. (2015). Serbest ve Grekoromen Stil Güreşçilerin Hedef Yönelimi ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi (Master's thesis, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Uluöz, E. (2016a). Investigation of Sport Injury Patterns in Female Futsal Players. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 4(4), 474-488.
  • Uluöz, E. (2016b). An analysis of the sports injuries occurred in competitions in Men’s Volleyball League during five year period (2011-2016). Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 5786-5795.
  • Weinberg RS. Goal-setting and motor performance: A review and critique. In G.C. Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics;1992./
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology.(6. utg.). USA: Human Kinetics.
  • White, Sally A. Joan L Duda, (1994). “The Relationship Of Gender, Level Of Sport İnvolment And Participation Motivation To Task And Ego Orienatation”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol.25, pp.4-18

The Correlatıon between Mental Toughness and Goal Orıentatıon of Elıte Wrestlers

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 35 - 47, 31.03.2020

Abstract

This study examined the correlation between mental toughness and goal orientation of elite wrestlers. A total of 50 wrestler (age=20.22±2.98) were participated in the study. In the study; "Task and Ego Orientation Scale in Sport Questionnaire" developed by Duda and Whitehead (1998) used to determine goal orientation levels. "Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTTQ)" developed by Sheard et. al (2009) used. Also, a personal information form used that prepared by the researchers. Descriptive, relational and comparative model were used in the article. In the analysis of the data, Spearman correlation coefficient was applied in the article. Also, Mann-Whitney U test used to comparisons. Wrestlers found a moderate negative correlation between age variable and control scores of the mental toughness scale (p<0.01). A positive correlation was found between task orientation scores of the goal orientation scale and the confidence (p<0.01) of the mental toughness scale and the continuum (p<0.05) scores. A low-level positive correlation was detected between the ego orientation score of the goal orientation scale and the confidence scores of the mental toughness scale (p<0.05). A significant difference was found between wrestlers age variable scores and control scores of the mental toughness scale (p<0.05). As a result, the correlation between mental toughness and goal orientation is important for elite athletes. As the age of elite wrestlers’ increases, their concerns appear to increase in the face of unexpected or uncontrollable events.

References

  • Altıntaş, A. (2015). Sporcuların Zihinsel Dayanıklılıklarının Belirlenmesinde Optimal Performans Duygu Durumu, Güdülenme Düzeyi ve Hedef Yöneliminin Rolü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Bhambri E, Dhillon PK, Sahni SP. Effect of psychological interventions in enhancing mental toughness dimensions of sports persons. Journal Of The Indian Academy Of Applied Psychology. 2005;31(1-2),65-70.
  • Bruin, Karin. Bakker, Frank C. Oudejans, Raôul R, (2009). “Achievement Goal Theory And Disordered Eating: Relationships Of Disordered Eating With Goal Orientations And Motivational Climate İn Female Gymnasts And Dancers”, Psychology of Sport ve Exercise, Vol.10, pp.72-79.
  • Clough P, Earle K., Sewell D Mental Toughness: The Concept and Its Measurement. In Cockerill I, Solutions in Sport Psychology. 1st ed. 2002, (p. 32-45). London: Thomson .
  • Crust, L. (2009). The relationship between mental toughness and affect intensity. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 959-963.
  • Crust, L., Earle, K., Perry, J., Earle, F., Clough, A., & Clough, P. J. (2014). Mental toughness in higher education: Relationships with achievement and progression in first-year university sports students. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 87-91.
  • Crust, L. A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for future researcher*/s. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 45: 576- 583.
  • Dede, Y. E. (2019). Elit Güreşçilerin Zihinsel Dayanıklılıklarının İncelenmesi (Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın)
  • Duda, Joan L, (1988). “The relationship between goal perspectives and persistence and intensity among recreational sport participants”, Leisure Studies, Vol.10, pp.95-106.
  • Duda, Joan L, (1989). “Goal Perspectives, Participation And Persistence İn Sport”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol.20, pp.42-56.
  • Duda, Joan L. John G Nicholls, (1992a). “Dimensions Of Achievement Motivation İn Schoolwork And Sport”, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol.84 pp. 290-299.
  • Duda, Joan L, (1992b). “Motivation in Sport Setting: A Goal Perspective Approach, In Roberts”, Motivation in Sport and Exercise, Champaign, Illinois:Human Kinetics, pp. 57- 91.
  • Erdoğan N, Kocaekşi S. Elit sporcuların sahip olması gereken psikolojik özellikler. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences. 2015;7(2), 57–64.
  • Fernandes, H. M. Rodrigues A. D Lázaro J. Vasconcelos-Raposo J, (2009). “Characterization of the negativism, activation, self-confidence and cognitive orientations levels of alpinists”, Motricidade, Vol. 5, Num. 2, pp.63-86.
  • Flores, Jairo. Salguero Alfonso. Márquez Sara, (2008). “Goal orientations and perceptions of the motivational climate in physical education classes among Colombian students”, In Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol.246, pp.1441-1449.
  • Fisher, S., & Hood, B. (1987). The stress of the transition to university: a longitudinal study of psychological disturbance, absent‐mindedness and vulnerability to homesickness. British journal of psychology, 78(4), 425-441.
  • Gould D, Dieffenbach K, Moffett A. Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic Champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2002;14(3),172-204.
  • Gould D, Hodge K, Peterson K, Petlichkoff L. Psychological foundations of coaching: Similarities and differences among intercollegiate wrestling coaches. The Sport Psychologist. 1987;1(4),293-308.
  • Gürer, B. (2015). The investigation of problem solving skill of the mountaineers in terms of demographic variables. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(11), 1496-1504.
  • Hardy L, Bell J, Beattie S. A neuropsychological model of mentally tough behavior. Journal of Personality. 2014;82(1), 69-81.
  • Jagacinski, Carolyn M. Nicholls John G, (1984). “Conceptions of ability and related affects in task involvement and ego involvement”, J Educational Psychology, Vol.5, pp. 909-919.
  • Jones G., Hanton S, Connaughton D. A framework of mental toughness in the 7 world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist. 2007;21:243-264.
  • Kristiansen, E., Roberts, G. C., & Abrahamsen, F. E. (2008). Achievement involvement and stres coping in elite wrestling. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18(4), 526-538.
  • Konter, E. Sporda motivasyon. İzmir: Saray Tıp Kitapevleri 2015, s 45.
  • Kocaeşki, Serdar, (2010). Hentbol Bayan Milli Takımında Zaman Değişimi ve Performansın Grup Sargınlığı, Sportif Kendine Güven, Öz-Yeterlik, Hedef Yönelimi ve Yarışma Kaygısı Üzerine Etkisi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Kuan G, Roy J. Goal profiles, mental toughness, and its influence on performance outcomes among wushu athletes. Journal of Sports Scienve and Medicine. 2007;6:28-33.
  • Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Polman, R. C., & Crust, L. (2011). Mental toughness, coping self-efficacy, and coping effectiveness among athletes. International Journal of Sport psychology, 42(6), 513-524.
  • Nicholls, John G, (1984). “Achievement motivation: Concepts of ability, subjective experience, task choice and performance”, Psychological Rev, Vol.91, pp.329-346.
  • MacKinnon, L. T. (2000). Overtraining effects on immunity and performance in athletes. Immunology and cell biology, 78(5), 502-509.
  • Maffulli, N., Margiotti, K., Longo, U. G., Loppini, M., Fazio, V. M., & Denaro, V. (2013). The genetics of sports injuries and athletic performance. Muscles, ligaments and tendons journal, 3(3), 173.
  • Marchant, D. C., Polman, R. C., Clough, P. J., Jackson, J. G., Levy, A. R., & Nicholls, A. R. (2009). Mental toughness: Managerial and age differences. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(5), 428-437.
  • Murcia, Juan Antonio Moreno. Eduardo Cervelló Gimeno. David González-Cutre Coll, (2008). “Relationship among goal orientations, motivational climate and flow in adolescent athletes: differences by gender” The Spanish Journal of Psychology, Vol.11 Num. 1, pp. 181-191.
  • Potgieter, Rhena. Delport Andhendrık. Steyn, Ben, (2010). “Goal Orientation, Self-Theories And Reactions To Success And Failure İn Competitive Sport”, African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation ve Dance, Vol. 16, Num. 4, pp.635
  • Rugg, C., Kadoor, A., Feeley, B. T., & Pandya, N. K. (2018). The effects of playing multiple high school sports on National Basketball Association players’ propensity for injury and athletic performance. The American journal of sports medicine, 46(2), 402-408.
  • Üngür, Gamze, (2009). Amatör Ve Profesyonel Futbolcularda Hedef Yönelimi Ve Algılanan Motivasyonel İklim Arasındaki İlişki, İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Thelwell R, Weston N, Greenlees I. ‘Defining and understanding mental toughness within soccer’. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2005;17:326– 332.
  • Toros, Turhan, (2002). “Elit ve Elit Olmayan Erkek Basketbolcularda Hedef Yönelimi, Güdüsel İklim ve Yaşam Doyumunun, Spor Yapma Süresine Bağlı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi”, Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, S. 1. ss.24-36.
  • Toros, Turhan. Ünsal Yetim, (2000). “Elit Bayan Basketbolcularda Hedef Yönelimi Ve Güdüsel Motivasyonel İklimin Yaşam Doyumu İle İlişkisi”, Hacettepe Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, Ankara.
  • Toy, A. B. (2015). Serbest ve Grekoromen Stil Güreşçilerin Hedef Yönelimi ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi (Master's thesis, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
  • Uluöz, E. (2016a). Investigation of Sport Injury Patterns in Female Futsal Players. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 4(4), 474-488.
  • Uluöz, E. (2016b). An analysis of the sports injuries occurred in competitions in Men’s Volleyball League during five year period (2011-2016). Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 5786-5795.
  • Weinberg RS. Goal-setting and motor performance: A review and critique. In G.C. Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics;1992./
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology.(6. utg.). USA: Human Kinetics.
  • White, Sally A. Joan L Duda, (1994). “The Relationship Of Gender, Level Of Sport İnvolment And Participation Motivation To Task And Ego Orienatation”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol.25, pp.4-18
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Burak Toy This is me

Umut Gündoğan This is me

Emre Bülent Öğraş This is me

Zarife Taştan This is me

Mehmet Çağri Çetin This is me

Publication Date March 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Toy, A. B., Gündoğan, U., Öğraş, E. B., Taştan, Z., et al. (2020). The Correlatıon between Mental Toughness and Goal Orıentatıon of Elıte Wrestlers. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(1), 35-47.
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).