The comparison of football academy systems between Turkey and England

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 387 - 411, 30.12.2021

Ender Şenel Özcan Saygın

Abstract

A football Academy and the lack of football players grown consistently from this Academy has been the biggest problem that has existed since the existence of Turkish football. The struggle to create a team structure with external transfers in various teams competing at different levels brings a significant economic burden. On the other hand, it is known that the Academy of the teams that have achieved success in European football is strong. The purpose of this research is to propose a system for Turkish football by examining English Football Academy System including the number of football players present in the Academy, the footballers raised in the history of the clubs, the market values and the highest market values of these footballers, the goals scored in the club careers and the number of matches played, trainer selection, facilities, cooperation with other institutions. The information about the Academy in the official websites of the clubs, press, and scientific studies has developing according to the determined criteria. In the English academy model, it was determined that all clubs had to comply with the decisions taken by the academy coordinator, and athletes from four different categories were trained. According to findings, examining the various systems in Turkey, a system has been proposed to contribute to develop the “Turkish football player identity” “Turkish Football System” and “The Turkish Football Understanding.” In the research, it was concluded that a football Academy needs a good management structure, an athlete selection and training system, a certain number of foreign transfers to the academy is appropriate, and the facilities should be renewed.

Keywords

Academy, Sports, Football

Supporting Institution

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Institute of Health Sciences

Thanks

This is study is a part of doctoral dissertation, titled Youth Academy Problem in Turkish Football: A search for a system, supervised by Prof. Dr. Özcan Saygın in Institute of Health Sciences at Mugla Sitki Kocman University. Institutional ethical approval was granted with the decision no 170060/33.

References

• Ajax (2020). Ajax Official Website. https://english.ajax.nl/streams/ajax-now.htm
• Altınordu Futbol Kulübü (2020). Altınordu Resmi İnternet Sitesi. http://www.altinordu.org.tr
• Güllich, A. (2014) Selection, de-selection and progression in German football talent promotion European Journal of Sport Science, 14(6), 530-537.
• Ataol, E. (2019). Türkiye Profesyonel Futbolunda Altyapıda Başarılı Olmuş Kulüplerin Yapılanmaları ve Yönetim Şekillerinin İncelenmesi (Altınordu ve Gençlerbirliği Örneği). Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Balyi, I., Way, R., & Higgs, C. (2016). Uzun vadeli sporcu gelişimi. Spor Yayınevi ve Kitabevi. Ankara.
• Bbc World Football. (2020).News.Bbc.Co.Uk/Sportacademy/ Hi/Sa/Football/Features/ Newsid2861000/2861091.
• BJK (2020). Beşiktaş Resmi İnternet Sitesi. https://bjk.com.tr
• Bompa T. O. (2009). Antrenman Kuramı Ve Yöntemi, Spor: Ankara.
• Bundesliga, 2020. https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/confederations-cup-and-under-21-euro-wins-part-of-germanys-strategy-to-return-to-world-footballs-summit-454171.jsp
• Collins, T. (2018). How Football Began: A Global History of How The World's Football Codes Were Born. Routledge: London
• Daft, R. L. (2003). Management. 6th. South-Western, USA.
• Dessler, G., Starke, F. A., & Cyr, D. J. (2001). Management: Leading people and organizations in the 21st century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• DFB (Deutscher Fußball-Bund). (2009). Talente fordern und fördern! Konzepte und Strukturen vom Kinder- bis zum Spitzenfuß- ball [Challenge and promote talents.
• Concepts and structures in football from childhood to peak-performance]. Münster: Philippka.
• EFL, 2019. EFL youth development charter for players and parents guide.
• EFL, 2020. https://www.efl.com/-more/efl-youth-development/
• Eisenberg, C. (1999) ‘English Sports’ Und Deutsche Bürger. Paderborn: Schöningh.
• Ekiz, D. (2017). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Anı Yayıncılık: Ankara
• FB (2020). Fenerbahçe Resmi İnternet Sitesi. https://www.fenerbahce.org
• FCB (2020). Barcelona Official Website. https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/
• Feltz D., Short S. and Sullivan P. (2008). Self-efficacy in sport: Research and Strategies for Working with Athletes, Teams and Coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 3(2): 293-295.
• Feltz D.L., Chase M.A., Moritz S.E., and Sullivan P.J. (1999). A conceptual model of coaching efficacy: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4): 765-776.
• Feu, S., García-Rubio, J., Antúnez, A., & Ibáñez, S. (2018). Coaching and coach education in Spain: A critical analysis of legislative evolution. International Sport Coaching Journal, 5(3), 281-292.
• Gençer R.T., Kiremitçi O. ve Boyacıoğlu H. (2009). Antrenörlük Yeterlik Ölçeği‟nin (AYÖ) Psikometrik Özellikleri: Türk Antrenörler Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 4(2), 143-153.
• Gençlerbirliği Spor Kulübü (2020). Gençlerbirliği Resmi İnternet Sitesi. https://genclerbirligi.org.tr
• Grossmann, B., & Lames, M. (2015). From talent to professional football–youthism in German football. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10(6), 1103-1113.
• GS (2020). Galatasaray Resmi İnternet Sitesi. https://www.galatasaray.org
• Güçlü, M. (1998). Spor Tesislerinin İşletmesi Ankara Özel Yükseliş Koleji Spor Tesisleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4, 33-39.
• Güllich, A., & Emrich, E. (2012). Individualistic and collectivistic approach in athlete support programmes in the German high- performance sport system. European Journal for Sport and Society, 9, 243–268.
• Hare, G. (2003). Football in France: A Cultural History. Global Sport Cultures.
• Hill, T. (2005). A Photographic History of English Football. Parragon.
• Hodgetts, R., & Luthans, F. (1999). International management: Culture, strategy and behavior with world map. McGraw-Hill: Irwin.
• Holt, N. L. (2002). A comparison of the soccer talent development systems in England and Canada. European Physical Education Review, 8(3), 270-285.
• IFAB (2019). Oyun Kuralları (Resmi Çeviri). Zurich, Switzerland.
• Jiang, X. (2019). Comparative analysis of Chinese and German football youth training. Yayımlanmamış Lisans Tezi, Sports Coaching and Management Haaga-Helia Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi
• Koller, C., & Braendle, F. (2015). A Cultural and Social History of Modern Football. The Catholic University of America Press: Washington, D.C.
• Leith L.M. (1990). Coaches Guide to Sport Administration. Illinois: Leisure Press.
• LFC (2020). Liverpool Official Website. https://www.liverpoolfc.com
• Muratlı, S. (1997). Çocuk ve Spor. Ankara: Bağırgan.
• Pyta, W. (2006). German Football: A Cultural History. In Alan Tomlison & Christopher Young (Eds.), German Football (Pp. 13-34). Routledge.
• Robbins, S. P., & DeCenzo, D. A. (1998). Fundamentals of Management. Englewood Cliffs, NY.
• Schermerhorn, J., Davidson, G., Poole, D., Woods, P., Simon, A., & Mcbarron, E. (2014). Management. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Sevim Y., Tuncel F., Erol E. ve Sunay H. (2001). Antrenör Eğitimi ve İlkeleri. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
• Seyidoğlu, H. (2000). Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yazma El Kitabı. Güzem: İstanbul.
• TOSFED, 2020. http://www.tosfed.org.tr/ wp-content/ uploads/2017/ 10/OzelBedenEgtSporTesYon.pdf
• Wesson, J. (2002). The Science Of Soccer. Crc Press.
• Ziemann, B. (2003) Germany After The First World War – A Violent Society? Journal of Modern European History, 1, 80–95.