Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 409 - 417

Abstract

References

  • Akbal, U. (2014). Partisanship, politics and ideology. Bigi University, Cultural Studies Master's Program, Master's Thesis, Istanbul.
  • Akgönül, E. K., Mihriay, M., Bozkurt, Ç., & Bayansalduz, M. (2023). Examination of recreation benefit level in adult ındividuals participating in recreational activities. Mediterranean Journal of Sports Sciences, 6(1-Special Issue of the 100th Anniversary of the Republic), 113-124.
  • Altuntaş, S. B., Başaran, Z., & Çakmak, G. (2022). Examination of coronavirus 19 phobia, perceived stress and trait anxiety levels of individuals who participate and do not participate in recreational activities. International Bozok Sports Sciences Journal, 3(1), 51-61.
  • Apostolopoulou, A., Papadimitriou, D., Synowka, D., & Clark, J. S. (2012). Consumption and meanings of team licensed merchandise. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 12(1-2), 93-110. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2012.051266.
  • Arıkan, A. N., & Yazıcı, N. A. (2022). Examining athletes' commitment levels: a cross-sectional analysis on team sports. Mediterranean Journal of Sports Sciences, 5 (Special Issue 2), 738-748.
  • Aycan, A., Polat, E., & Uçan, Y. (2009). Investigating the relationship between team identification level and variables affecting the decision to attend professional football matches as a spectator. SPORTMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 7(4), 169-174.https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000167.
  • Baumeister, R. F. & Vohs, K. D. (2007). “Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation”. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1: 1-14.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M. & Tice, D. M. (1998). “Ego depletion: ıs the active self a limited resource?”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5): 1252-1265.
  • Bedir, F. (2016). Examining the role of recreational activities in overcoming stress. Master's Thesis. Social Sciences Institute. Ataturk University. Erzurum.
  • Çakmak, G., Tapşın, F. O., & Tapşın, F. O. (2021). Sakaryaspor fans' level of ıdentification with the team and their perceptions of the team ımage. Sportive View: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences, 8(3), 374-390.
  • Çiftyıldız, S. (2015). An application to examine the relationships between team identification, emotional brand loyalty and purchase intention in the context of teams' licensed products. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(53), 232-241. doi: 10.17755/esosder.52015.
  • Dalakas, V., & Phillips Melancon, J. (2012). Fan identification, schadenfreude toward hated rivals, and the mediating effects of ımportance of winning ındex (IWIN). Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 51-59.
  • Demir, M., & Talimciler, A. (2014). Football and hate speech on social media. International Refereed Journal of Communication and Literary Studies, 2(5), 249-279.
  • Dilbaz E, and Karagün E. (2014). Factors affecting being a spectator in competitions and the level of identification with the team: a research on Kocaeli University students. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, p. (9)2, 22-31.
  • Emir, E. (2012). Determining the obstacles to participation in recreational activities: The example of university students. Master's Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Trabzon.
  • Göksel, A. G., and Kul, O. (2023). Examining football fans' levels of team identification and respect for opposing views. Journal of Sports Sciences Research, 8(1), 1-16.9.
  • Gülle, M. (2018). Respect for opposing views and self-control scale in sports: validity and reliability study. Adıyaman University Social Sciences Institute Journal (29), 262-279. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.433780.
  • Gümüşboğa, İ. (2023). Recreational Activities and Social Capital. Different Approaches in Sports Sciences, 95.
  • Havard, C. T., Wann, D. L., & Grieve, F. G. (2018). Rivalry versus hate: Measuring the influence of promotional titles and logos on fan rival perceptions. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 10(2), 5.
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring attitudinal loyalty: Separating the terms of affective commitment and attitudinal loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 227-239.
  • Özsoy, A., & Karlı, Ü. (2022). Validity and reliability study of sports fan love and hate scale and sports team licensed product purchase intention scale. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 17(1), 42-57.
  • Polat, E., Sönmezoğlu, U., Yıldız, K., & Çoknaz, D. (2019). Determining the team image, team loyalty and team identification levels of football fans. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences-IJSETS, 5(3), 143-153.
  • Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M. & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). “Taking stock of self-control: a meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors”. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 76-99.
  • Roversi, A. (1991). Football violence in Italy. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 26(4), 311-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269029102600406.
  • Sinha, S. P., Nayyar, P. & Sinha, P. (2002).” Social support and self control as variables in attitude toward life and perceived control among older people in ındia”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142 (4), 527–540.
  • Sunay, H., & Seda Saracaloğlu, A. (2003). Expectations of Turkish athletes from sports and factors that direct them to sports. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 1(1), 43-48.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson. Tanriverdi, H. (2012). Spor ahlaki ve şiddet. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. Publication of Association Esprit, Société et Rencontre Strasbourg/FRANCE, 5(8), 1071-1093.
  • Topal, A., Yıldız, O., Semerci, A., & Yıldız, M. (2021). Investigation of the effect of high school and university students' identification levels with their favorite teams on their respect for opposing views in sports. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 23(3), 1-14.
  • Üçüncüoğlu, M. (2018). E-sports as a sportive reflection of the information society and its interaction with modern sports. Master's Thesis. Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Graduate Education Institute, Istanbul.

Examining Fans' Levels of Respect for Opposing Opinions and Self-Control in Sports

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 409 - 417

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the fans' levels of respect for opposing views and self-control in sports. Fans over the age of 18 who support Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş teams were included in the research. A 5-question information survey and the respect for opposing views and self-control scale in sports developed by Gülle (2018) were administered to fans who wanted to participate in the research. Surveys were collected using Google Forms. The survey link was shared on social media groups where Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş fans are active. Since the data showed normal distribution, independent t test was used for double groups and analysis of variance was used for more than two groups. As a result of the research, it was found that there is a significant difference in favor of the hatred towards the opponent of the fans who do not participate in recreational activities and the hatred towards the opponent of the fans who use licensed products. It was found that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of respect for the opponent and hatred towards the opponent according to the educational level of the fans. In our research, it was found that as the educational level increases, respect for the opponent increases, and as the education level decreases, the fans' hatred towards the opponent increases.

References

  • Akbal, U. (2014). Partisanship, politics and ideology. Bigi University, Cultural Studies Master's Program, Master's Thesis, Istanbul.
  • Akgönül, E. K., Mihriay, M., Bozkurt, Ç., & Bayansalduz, M. (2023). Examination of recreation benefit level in adult ındividuals participating in recreational activities. Mediterranean Journal of Sports Sciences, 6(1-Special Issue of the 100th Anniversary of the Republic), 113-124.
  • Altuntaş, S. B., Başaran, Z., & Çakmak, G. (2022). Examination of coronavirus 19 phobia, perceived stress and trait anxiety levels of individuals who participate and do not participate in recreational activities. International Bozok Sports Sciences Journal, 3(1), 51-61.
  • Apostolopoulou, A., Papadimitriou, D., Synowka, D., & Clark, J. S. (2012). Consumption and meanings of team licensed merchandise. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 12(1-2), 93-110. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2012.051266.
  • Arıkan, A. N., & Yazıcı, N. A. (2022). Examining athletes' commitment levels: a cross-sectional analysis on team sports. Mediterranean Journal of Sports Sciences, 5 (Special Issue 2), 738-748.
  • Aycan, A., Polat, E., & Uçan, Y. (2009). Investigating the relationship between team identification level and variables affecting the decision to attend professional football matches as a spectator. SPORTMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 7(4), 169-174.https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000167.
  • Baumeister, R. F. & Vohs, K. D. (2007). “Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation”. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1: 1-14.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M. & Tice, D. M. (1998). “Ego depletion: ıs the active self a limited resource?”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5): 1252-1265.
  • Bedir, F. (2016). Examining the role of recreational activities in overcoming stress. Master's Thesis. Social Sciences Institute. Ataturk University. Erzurum.
  • Çakmak, G., Tapşın, F. O., & Tapşın, F. O. (2021). Sakaryaspor fans' level of ıdentification with the team and their perceptions of the team ımage. Sportive View: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences, 8(3), 374-390.
  • Çiftyıldız, S. (2015). An application to examine the relationships between team identification, emotional brand loyalty and purchase intention in the context of teams' licensed products. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(53), 232-241. doi: 10.17755/esosder.52015.
  • Dalakas, V., & Phillips Melancon, J. (2012). Fan identification, schadenfreude toward hated rivals, and the mediating effects of ımportance of winning ındex (IWIN). Journal of Services Marketing, 26(1), 51-59.
  • Demir, M., & Talimciler, A. (2014). Football and hate speech on social media. International Refereed Journal of Communication and Literary Studies, 2(5), 249-279.
  • Dilbaz E, and Karagün E. (2014). Factors affecting being a spectator in competitions and the level of identification with the team: a research on Kocaeli University students. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, p. (9)2, 22-31.
  • Emir, E. (2012). Determining the obstacles to participation in recreational activities: The example of university students. Master's Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Trabzon.
  • Göksel, A. G., and Kul, O. (2023). Examining football fans' levels of team identification and respect for opposing views. Journal of Sports Sciences Research, 8(1), 1-16.9.
  • Gülle, M. (2018). Respect for opposing views and self-control scale in sports: validity and reliability study. Adıyaman University Social Sciences Institute Journal (29), 262-279. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.433780.
  • Gümüşboğa, İ. (2023). Recreational Activities and Social Capital. Different Approaches in Sports Sciences, 95.
  • Havard, C. T., Wann, D. L., & Grieve, F. G. (2018). Rivalry versus hate: Measuring the influence of promotional titles and logos on fan rival perceptions. Journal of Applied Sport Management, 10(2), 5.
  • Heere, B., & Dickson, G. (2008). Measuring attitudinal loyalty: Separating the terms of affective commitment and attitudinal loyalty. Journal of Sport Management, 22(2), 227-239.
  • Özsoy, A., & Karlı, Ü. (2022). Validity and reliability study of sports fan love and hate scale and sports team licensed product purchase intention scale. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 17(1), 42-57.
  • Polat, E., Sönmezoğlu, U., Yıldız, K., & Çoknaz, D. (2019). Determining the team image, team loyalty and team identification levels of football fans. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences-IJSETS, 5(3), 143-153.
  • Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M. & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). “Taking stock of self-control: a meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors”. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 76-99.
  • Roversi, A. (1991). Football violence in Italy. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 26(4), 311-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/101269029102600406.
  • Sinha, S. P., Nayyar, P. & Sinha, P. (2002).” Social support and self control as variables in attitude toward life and perceived control among older people in ındia”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142 (4), 527–540.
  • Sunay, H., & Seda Saracaloğlu, A. (2003). Expectations of Turkish athletes from sports and factors that direct them to sports. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 1(1), 43-48.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson. Tanriverdi, H. (2012). Spor ahlaki ve şiddet. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. Publication of Association Esprit, Société et Rencontre Strasbourg/FRANCE, 5(8), 1071-1093.
  • Topal, A., Yıldız, O., Semerci, A., & Yıldız, M. (2021). Investigation of the effect of high school and university students' identification levels with their favorite teams on their respect for opposing views in sports. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 23(3), 1-14.
  • Üçüncüoğlu, M. (2018). E-sports as a sportive reflection of the information society and its interaction with modern sports. Master's Thesis. Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Graduate Education Institute, Istanbul.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Training
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fuat Orkun Tapşın 0000-0001-6374-534X

Faik Orhun Tapşın 0000-0002-7099-6929

Early Pub Date December 25, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date July 3, 2024
Acceptance Date December 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tapşın, F. O., & Tapşın, F. O. (2024). Examining Fans’ Levels of Respect for Opposing Opinions and Self-Control in Sports. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 12(4), 409-417.
IntJSCS is published by International Science Culture and Sport Association (ISCSA).