ONLINE SPORTS BETTING ATTITUDE SCALE
Abstract
The widespread use of virtual betting applications driven by digitalization has made it necessary to examine attitudes toward this phenomenon from a scientific perspective. In line with this need, the present study aimed to develop a psychometrically sound scale capable of assessing individuals’ attitudes toward virtual betting. The research was carried out using a survey-based methodological framework. The study included 159 participants for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and 300 participants for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The participants had a mean age of 22.32 years (SD = 3.51). Findings from the EFA supported a two-factor structure, identified as “Risk Perception” and “Behavioral Acceptance,” which together accounted for 64.51% of the total variance. The CFA findings confirmed that the proposed structure demonstrated acceptable model fit, with indices indicating satisfactory structural validity (χ²/df = 2.706; RMSEA = .076; CFI = .976; GFI = .962). The standardized factor loadings for the items were observed to fall within the range of .809 to .930. Internal consistency results indicated strong reliability coefficients for both subdimensions Risk Perception (α = .905) and Behavioral Acceptance (α = .854) as well as for the overall scale (α = .958). Furthermore, the values obtained for Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR) provided additional evidence supporting the scale’s convergent validity and overall construct reliability. To evaluate criterion-related validity, an independent samples t-test showed that individuals with prior virtual betting experience obtained significantly higher Behavioral Acceptance and total scale scores than those without such experience (p < .01). Overall, the findings indicate that the Virtual Betting Attitude Scale, consisting of eight items organized under two dimensions, represents a psychometrically robust measurement tool suitable for evaluating attitudes toward virtual betting.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Ethical Statement
Thanks
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