ULUSLARARASI ADALET DİVANININ GAMBİYA VS. MYANMAR İHTİYATİ TEDBİR KARARININ DEVLET SORUMLULUĞU AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 335 - 349

Elif Uzun , Neslihan Özkerim Güner

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1484739

Öz

Gambiya, Uluslararası Adalet Divanına 11 Kasım 2019 tarihinde başvurmuş ve Myanmar’ın Devlet organları ve talimatları, yönlendirmesi ve kontrolü sonucunda diğer kişi ve kuruluşlar aracılığıyla Soykırım Suçunun Önlenmesi ve Cezalandırılması Sözleşmesi’nin (Soykırım Sözleşmesi) ihlal edildiğini iddia etmiştir. İddiasında Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Yüksek Komiserliği tarafından kurulan Fact-Finding Misyonunun 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında hazırladığı raporlarda elde edilen delillere de dayanılmıştır. Gambiya, Soykırım Sözleşmesi’ne aykırı fiillerin erga omnes nitelikte olduğunu, dolayısıyla başvuru yapma hakkının ve yükümlülüğünün olduğunu belirtmiş; Soykırım Sözleşmesi’nin 9. maddesi uyarınca Divanın yargılama yetkisinin olduğunu eklemiştir. Myanmar tarafından Divanın yargılama yetkisi ve Gambiya’nın taraf ehliyetine itiraz edilmiştir. Ancak, Soykırım Sözleşmesi’nin 9. maddesine Myanmar’ın çekince koymamış olması ve her iki Devletin de söz konusu Sözleşmenin tarafı olması nedeniyle, en azından tedbir talebi aşamasında bu itirazlar Divan tarafından yeterli görülmemiştir. Divan Soykırım Sözleşmesi’ni ihlal eden eylemlerin durdurulması ve bu hususta düzenli rapor sunulması yönünde ihtiyati tedbir kararı vermiştir. Çalışma, Divanın tedbir kararını, Devletin sorumluluğuna ilişkin temel kavramlar bakımından incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erga Omnes, Devletin Sorumluluğu, Soykırım, Hukuka Aykırı Eylem

ASSESSMENT OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE’S DECISION ON PROVISIONAL MEASURES ON GAMBIA VS MYANMAR

Öz

Gambia applied to the International Court of Justice on 11 November 2019 and claimed that the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention) was violated through Myanmar's state organs and other individuals and organizations as a result of Myanmar's instructions, guidance and control. Its claim was also based on evidence obtained in the 2018 and 2019 Reports prepared by the Fact-Finding Mission established by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Gambia stated that it had the right and obligation to make such an application because the acts contrary to the Genocide Convention are of erga omnes rules; and added that the Court had jurisdiction in accordance with Article 9 of the Genocide Convention. The jurisdiction of the Court and the standing of the Gambia as a party were objected to by Myanmar. However, since Myanmar did not make a reservation to Article 9 of the Genocide Convention and both states are parties to the Convention, these objections were not deemed sufficient, at least at the stage of requesting provisional measures. An order on provisional measures was given by the Court to stop the actions that violate the Genocide Convention and to submit a regular report on this matter. The study examines the Court’s order in terms of the basic concepts of State responsibility.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erga Omnes, State Responsibility, Genocide, Wrongful Act

Kaynakça

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