KARABAĞ’DA AZERBAYCANLI YERİNDEN EDİLMİŞ KİŞİLER VE ERMENİ MÜLTECİLER SORUNU

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 126 - 139, 30.06.2025

Arzu Turgut , Ali Faik Demir

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1534259

Abstract

Karabağ sorunu, 1990’lardan günümüze eski Sovyet coğrafyasında devlet ve ulus inşa sürecini derinden etkileyen donmuş çatışmalardan biri olmuştur. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin (SSCB) dağılmasının ardından bağımsızlığını kazanan Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan’da Karabağ meselesi, toplumlar arasındaki düşmanlık algısının derinleşmesi ve liderlerin yükseliş ve düşüşlerinde belirleyici faktör olmuştur. Bakü ve Erivan için sıfır toplamlı bir oyun olan Karabağ’da her türlü yenilgi “aşağılanma”, her türlü başarı ise “kutlanması gereken en büyük zafer” olarak görülmüştür. Karabağ meselesi Azerbaycanlılar açısından asla taviz verilmemesi gereken bir egemenlik ve toprak bütünlüğü mücadelesidir. Ermenistan açısından ise, tarih boyunca bölgede çoğunlukta olduğunu iddia eden Ermeni nüfusunun varlığına doğrudan bir tehdittir. 1991-1994 yılları arasında yaşanan Birinci Karabağ Savaşı’nda Ermeni işgali nedeniyle Karabağ’ı terk eden 600.000 civarında Azerbaycanlı yerinden edilmiş kişi (ÜİYEK) bulunmaktadır. 2020’deki İkinci Karabağ Savaşı’ndan sonra sayıları 100.000 civarında olan Karabağ Ermenileri, Karabağ’dan kaçarak Ermenistan’da bir mülteci akınına sebep olmuştur. Bu iki grup, Karabağ’da iki ülke arasında devam eden toprak bütünlüğü, egemenlik ve self-determinasyon tartışmalarının görünen yüzünü oluşturmaktadır. Kuşkusuz Azerbaycanlı ÜİYEK’ler ve Ermeni mülteciler, savaşın toplumlar üzerindeki yıkıcı etkilerini gözler önüne sermektedir. Karabağ’dan kaçarak Ermenistan’a sığınan Karabağ Ermenilerinin statüsüne ilişkin güncel tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası hukuk ile zorla yerinden edilmeye ilişkin siyasi söylem arasındaki farklılıklar konu edinilmektedir. Karabağ sorunundan dolayı UİYEK ve mülteci durumuna düşen kişilerin statüleri benzeşen ve ayrışan yanlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın odak noktasını, zorla yerinden edilme ve buna ilişkin ilişkin statülerin, Karabağ’da devletler ve bireyler açısından önemi oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Azerbaycan , Ermenistan , Karabağ , Yerinden Edilmiş Kişiler

THE ISSUE OF AZERBAIJANI INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE AND ARMENIAN REFUGEES IN KARABAKH

Abstract

From the 1990s to the present, the Karabakh conflict has been one of the frozen conflicts that deeply affected the state and nation-building process in the former Soviet geography. In Azerbaijan and Armenia, which gained independence after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the Karabakh issue has been a determining factor in deepening of perceptions of hostility between societies and the rise and fall of leaders. Any loss in Karabakh, which was a zero-sum game for Baku and Yerevan, was seen as “humiliation” and any success was seen as “the greatest victory that should be celebrated”. The Karabakh issue is a struggle for sovereignty and territorial integrity that should never be compromised for Azerbaijanis. For Armenia, it is a direct threat to the existence of the Armenian population, which has claimed to be the majority in the region throughout history. There are around 600,000 Azerbaijani displaced persons (IDPs) who left Karabakh due to the Armenian occupation in the First Karabakh War, which took place between 1991 and 1994. After the Second Karabakh War in 2020, around 100,000 Karabakh Armenians fled Karabakh, causing a refugee influx in Armenia. These two groups constitute the visible face of the ongoing discussions on territorial integrity, sovereignty and self-determination in Karabakh between these two countries. Undoubtedly, Azerbaijani IDPs and Armenian refugees reveal the devastating effects of war on societies. There are current debates regarding the status of Karabakh Armenians, who escaped from Karabakh and took refuge in Armenia. This study focuses on the divergences between international law and the political discourse on forced displacement. The statuses of IDPs and people who became refugees due to the Karabakh conflict were discussed with their similarities and differences. The focus of the study is the importance of forced displacement and related statuses for states and individuals in Karabakh.

Keywords

Azerbaijan , Armenia , Karabakh , Internally Displaced People , Refugees

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