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آرمانشهر ایرانی: سهروردی و مفهوم ناکجاآباد در رساله های "آواز پر جبرئیل" و "عقل سرخ"

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 455 - 478, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.988418

Abstract

References

  • Aḥmad Majrīṭī Maslamah ibn, Atallah, H., & Kiesel, W. J. (2002). Picatrix: Ghayat al-hakim: The goal of the wise. Ouroboros Press.
  • al-Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Ḥabaš Šihāb al-Dīn, & Thackston, W. M. I. (1999). The philosophical allegories and mystical treatises: A Parallel Persian-English Text. Mazda Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/12.1.74
  • al-Suhrawardī Šihabaddin. (1999). The philosophy of illumination (H. Ziai, Trans.). Edit. John Walbridge. Brigham Young University Press. (Original work published ca. 582 BCE)
  • Carra de Vaux, B. (1902). “La philosophie illuminative (Hikmet el-Ichraq), d’après Suhrawerdi Meqtoul,” Journal asiatique, 63–94.
  • Cohen, M. (2013). Prologue. The “Golden Age” of Jewish-Muslim relations: Myth and reality. A History of Jewish-Muslim relations, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400849130-005
  • Corbin, H. (1993). The man of light in Iranian Sufism (N. Pearson, Trans.). Boulder. (Original work published 1978)
  • Corbin, H., & Pearson, N. (1990). Spiritual body and celestial Earth from Mazdean Iran to Shi'ite Iran. I.B. Tauris.
  • Corbin, H. (2014). History of Islamic philosophy. Routledge.
  • Dehghani Farsani, Y., & Rezania, K. (2020). Ibn AL-MALĀḤIMĪ ON Zoroastrianism. Iranian Studies, 53(5-6), 703–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1713058
  • Dinani, G. (1985). Shu‘a‘-i Andisha va Shuhud dar Falsafa-yi Suhrawardi, Tehran: Hikmat.
  • Esfandīyar, RajabAlī. (2014). “Andīsheh-ye sīyāsī-ye sheyḫ shāhāb al-dīn Suhrawardī,” Sīyāsat-i motaālīyeh, 1(3), 121-137. http://sm.psas.ir/article_20004.html
  • Gutas, D. (2003). “Essay-Review: Suhrawardi and Greek Philosophy,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 303–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423903003138
  • Hashemī, Bibizohreh. (2012). “Mafhūm-i ‘Nā-kuğā-ābād’ dar dow resāleh-ye Suhrawardī bar asās-i naẓarīyeh-ye esteʻāreh shenakhtī,” The Journal of Linguistic Essays, 238-260. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/author/151909
  • Horten, M. (1912). Die Philosophie der Erleuchtung nach Suhrawardi (1191), Halle: Strauss and Cramer; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms.
  • Inge, W. R. (1947). “The perennial philosophy,” Philosophy, 22(81), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100023330
  • Jabraʿīl dar falsafeh va eʿrfān. (n.d.) In Wikifeqh, https://fa.wikifeqh.ir/جبرئیل در فلسفه و عرفان
  • Khan, M. M., & al-Hilali, T. al-D. (2007). Interpretation of the meanings of the Noble Qur'an in the English language (M. M. Khan & M. T. al-Hilali, Trans.). Darusslam publications.
  • Mehri, F. (2006). Romūz-i asrār-āmīz-i a‘dād. Chāf Publication Press.
  • Muʿin, M. (2002). Hūrqalyā. In M. Muʿin (ed.), Muʿin Encyclopedic Dictionary (4th edition, pp. 2122-2123). Amirkabir Publication.
  • Muʿin, M. (2002). Ishrāq. In M. Muʿin (ed.), Muʿin Encyclopedic Dictionary (4th edition, pp. 158). Amirkabir Publication.
  • Moḥarramī, F., & Zahabī, S. A. (2010). “Maẓāher-i ‘ālam-i Hūrqalyā dar falsafeh-ye Ishrāq va maktab-i shaykhīyeh” The Journal of Religious Thought, 96-73. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=117493
  • Nasr, S. H. (1964). Three Muslim sages. Harvard University Press.
  • Nasr, S. H., & Razavi, M. A. (2014). The Islamic intellectual tradition in Persia. Routledge.
  • Nelson, F. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran. Cambridge University Press.
  • Niksirat, A. (2017). Suhrawardi: A philosopher who must be re-known! Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 5(4), 686. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v5i4.638
  • Ottmann, K., & Scholem, G. (2005). Color symbolism: The Eranos lectures. Spring Publications.
  • Peacock, A. C., & Yildiz, S. N. (Eds.). (2012). The Seljuks of Anatolia. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Poornāmdārīyān, Taqī. (1985). Ramz va dāstānhā-ye ramzī dar adab-i Fārsī. Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company.
  • Razavi, M. A. (1997). Suhrawardi and the school of illumination. Curzon Press.
  • Rustom, M. (2020). “Storytelling as philosophical pedagogy: The case of Suhrawardī,” Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 Vols), 404–416. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413214_019
  • Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Habash ibn Armak. (1946). The Chant of Gabriel's Wings (M. Bayānī, Trans.). Payām-i Now Press. (Original work published ca. 677-731 BCE)
  • Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Habash ibn Armak. (1997). Aql-i Surkh. Edit. Mehrān Salagī. Moalef.
  • Spuler, B., Hoyland, R. G., Goldbloom, G., & Walburg, B. (2014). Iran in the Early Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, administration and public life between the Arab and the Seljuk conquests, 633-1055. BRILL.
  • Tor, D. G., & Peacock, A. C. S. (2017). Medieval central Asia and the Persianate world: Iranian tradition and Islamic civilization. I.B. Tauris & Company, Limited.
  • Walbridge, J. (2017). “Illuminationist Manuscripts: The Rediscovery of Suhrawardi and its Reception,” Illuminationist Texts and Textual Studies: Essays in Memory of Hossein Ziai, Leiden: Brill, 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004358393_004
  • Walbridge, J. (2001). The wisdom of the mystic East: Suhrawardī and Platonic orientalism. State University of New York Press.
  • Yūsuf Ibn Taghrībirdī Abū al-Maḥāsin, & Popper, W. (1909). Abû ʼl-mahâsin ibn Taghrî Birdî's annals entitled Annujûm az-Zâhirâ Fî mulûk miṣr wal-kâhirâ, vol. 6, pt. 2, no. 1-. Al-Mu'assasah al-Misr-iyah Press.

İran Ütopyası: Sühreverdî ve ‘“Cebrail'in Kanat Sesi” ve “Kızıl Akıl”da ‘Hiçbir Yer’ Kavramı

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 455 - 478, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.988418

Abstract

İdeal mekânın ilk kez Thomas More tarafından 1516 yılında Ütopya adlı kitabında tanıtıldığı kabul edilir; ancak İranlı filozof Şahâbüddin es-Sühreverdî, More'dan yüzyıllar önce, 1154'te, kelimenin tam anlamıyla ütopya anlamına gelen Nā-kujā-ābād (hiçbir yer) kavramını ortaya atmıştır. Erken literatürde bu terim, var olmayan ve muhtemelen hiç var olmamış ideal bir toplumu tasvir etmekteydi. Buna göre, bu makale daimi İdealizm okulunun yorumcularını ve Sühreverdî'nin Nā-kujā-ābād'ını (hiçbir yer) kavramını incelemektedir. Nā-kujā-ābād (hiçbir yer), aşkın dünyayı tasvir etmek ve ütopyada yaşayan ruhun uzak algısını tasvir etmek için onun tarafından tanıtılan prototipik bir terimdir. Bu terimin iki yönlü özü her zaman tartışmanın merkezi olmuştur; aynı anda iki zıt anlamı taşıyan kendi içinde çelişkili bir kelimedir: Manevi dünya (Alem-i misâl) ve maddi dünya (Alem-i nâsût). Bu makale metin analizine dayalıdır ve Sühreverdî'nin risalelerini yeniden inşa ederek, Cebrail'in Kanat Sesi (Āwāz-i Par-i Jabraʾīl) ve Kızıl Akıl (Aql-i Surkh) risalelerinde ütopik bir bakış açısıyla hiçbir yerin yorumunu aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Son olarak araştırmacı, Sühreverdî'nin ütopyasının, insan hayatındaki siyasi ve sosyal meselelerden uzak, herkesin ulaşabileceği gerçek benlik olduğu sonucuna varır.

References

  • Aḥmad Majrīṭī Maslamah ibn, Atallah, H., & Kiesel, W. J. (2002). Picatrix: Ghayat al-hakim: The goal of the wise. Ouroboros Press.
  • al-Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Ḥabaš Šihāb al-Dīn, & Thackston, W. M. I. (1999). The philosophical allegories and mystical treatises: A Parallel Persian-English Text. Mazda Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/12.1.74
  • al-Suhrawardī Šihabaddin. (1999). The philosophy of illumination (H. Ziai, Trans.). Edit. John Walbridge. Brigham Young University Press. (Original work published ca. 582 BCE)
  • Carra de Vaux, B. (1902). “La philosophie illuminative (Hikmet el-Ichraq), d’après Suhrawerdi Meqtoul,” Journal asiatique, 63–94.
  • Cohen, M. (2013). Prologue. The “Golden Age” of Jewish-Muslim relations: Myth and reality. A History of Jewish-Muslim relations, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400849130-005
  • Corbin, H. (1993). The man of light in Iranian Sufism (N. Pearson, Trans.). Boulder. (Original work published 1978)
  • Corbin, H., & Pearson, N. (1990). Spiritual body and celestial Earth from Mazdean Iran to Shi'ite Iran. I.B. Tauris.
  • Corbin, H. (2014). History of Islamic philosophy. Routledge.
  • Dehghani Farsani, Y., & Rezania, K. (2020). Ibn AL-MALĀḤIMĪ ON Zoroastrianism. Iranian Studies, 53(5-6), 703–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1713058
  • Dinani, G. (1985). Shu‘a‘-i Andisha va Shuhud dar Falsafa-yi Suhrawardi, Tehran: Hikmat.
  • Esfandīyar, RajabAlī. (2014). “Andīsheh-ye sīyāsī-ye sheyḫ shāhāb al-dīn Suhrawardī,” Sīyāsat-i motaālīyeh, 1(3), 121-137. http://sm.psas.ir/article_20004.html
  • Gutas, D. (2003). “Essay-Review: Suhrawardi and Greek Philosophy,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 303–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423903003138
  • Hashemī, Bibizohreh. (2012). “Mafhūm-i ‘Nā-kuğā-ābād’ dar dow resāleh-ye Suhrawardī bar asās-i naẓarīyeh-ye esteʻāreh shenakhtī,” The Journal of Linguistic Essays, 238-260. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/author/151909
  • Horten, M. (1912). Die Philosophie der Erleuchtung nach Suhrawardi (1191), Halle: Strauss and Cramer; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms.
  • Inge, W. R. (1947). “The perennial philosophy,” Philosophy, 22(81), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100023330
  • Jabraʿīl dar falsafeh va eʿrfān. (n.d.) In Wikifeqh, https://fa.wikifeqh.ir/جبرئیل در فلسفه و عرفان
  • Khan, M. M., & al-Hilali, T. al-D. (2007). Interpretation of the meanings of the Noble Qur'an in the English language (M. M. Khan & M. T. al-Hilali, Trans.). Darusslam publications.
  • Mehri, F. (2006). Romūz-i asrār-āmīz-i a‘dād. Chāf Publication Press.
  • Muʿin, M. (2002). Hūrqalyā. In M. Muʿin (ed.), Muʿin Encyclopedic Dictionary (4th edition, pp. 2122-2123). Amirkabir Publication.
  • Muʿin, M. (2002). Ishrāq. In M. Muʿin (ed.), Muʿin Encyclopedic Dictionary (4th edition, pp. 158). Amirkabir Publication.
  • Moḥarramī, F., & Zahabī, S. A. (2010). “Maẓāher-i ‘ālam-i Hūrqalyā dar falsafeh-ye Ishrāq va maktab-i shaykhīyeh” The Journal of Religious Thought, 96-73. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=117493
  • Nasr, S. H. (1964). Three Muslim sages. Harvard University Press.
  • Nasr, S. H., & Razavi, M. A. (2014). The Islamic intellectual tradition in Persia. Routledge.
  • Nelson, F. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran. Cambridge University Press.
  • Niksirat, A. (2017). Suhrawardi: A philosopher who must be re-known! Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 5(4), 686. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v5i4.638
  • Ottmann, K., & Scholem, G. (2005). Color symbolism: The Eranos lectures. Spring Publications.
  • Peacock, A. C., & Yildiz, S. N. (Eds.). (2012). The Seljuks of Anatolia. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Poornāmdārīyān, Taqī. (1985). Ramz va dāstānhā-ye ramzī dar adab-i Fārsī. Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company.
  • Razavi, M. A. (1997). Suhrawardi and the school of illumination. Curzon Press.
  • Rustom, M. (2020). “Storytelling as philosophical pedagogy: The case of Suhrawardī,” Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 Vols), 404–416. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413214_019
  • Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Habash ibn Armak. (1946). The Chant of Gabriel's Wings (M. Bayānī, Trans.). Payām-i Now Press. (Original work published ca. 677-731 BCE)
  • Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Habash ibn Armak. (1997). Aql-i Surkh. Edit. Mehrān Salagī. Moalef.
  • Spuler, B., Hoyland, R. G., Goldbloom, G., & Walburg, B. (2014). Iran in the Early Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, administration and public life between the Arab and the Seljuk conquests, 633-1055. BRILL.
  • Tor, D. G., & Peacock, A. C. S. (2017). Medieval central Asia and the Persianate world: Iranian tradition and Islamic civilization. I.B. Tauris & Company, Limited.
  • Walbridge, J. (2017). “Illuminationist Manuscripts: The Rediscovery of Suhrawardi and its Reception,” Illuminationist Texts and Textual Studies: Essays in Memory of Hossein Ziai, Leiden: Brill, 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004358393_004
  • Walbridge, J. (2001). The wisdom of the mystic East: Suhrawardī and Platonic orientalism. State University of New York Press.
  • Yūsuf Ibn Taghrībirdī Abū al-Maḥāsin, & Popper, W. (1909). Abû ʼl-mahâsin ibn Taghrî Birdî's annals entitled Annujûm az-Zâhirâ Fî mulûk miṣr wal-kâhirâ, vol. 6, pt. 2, no. 1-. Al-Mu'assasah al-Misr-iyah Press.

Iranian Utopia: Suhrawardī and the Concept of ‘no-where’ in “The Chant of Gabriel’s Wings” and “The Crimson Intellect”

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 455 - 478, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.988418

Abstract

It is accepted that for the first time in 1516, Thomas More introduced the concepts of an ideal place in his Utopia; however, centuries before him in 1154 Shahāb al-Din al-Suhrawardī, a Persian philosopher, introduced the term Nā-kujā-ābād, which literally means utopia. This word was initially used in literature for defining an ideal society, which simultaneously bears the meaning of a non-existing or probably never-existed society. Accordingly, this article analyses the perennial Idealism in Suhrawardī’s Nā-kujā-ābād (no-where) by which he amalgamates the discourse of idealism with the perfect nature of human beings during the twelfth century. Nā-kujā-ābād is a prototypical term that illustrates the transcending world and portrays the ultimate perception of the living soul in utopia. The twofold essence of this term has always been at the center of the argument; a self-contradictory word, holding two opposite meanings at the same time: the spiritual world (Ālam-i Mesāl) and the material world (Ālam-i Nāsūt). This article aims to reconstruct Suhrawardī’s treatises through the textual analysis illuminating the interpretation of no-where through the utopian angle in treatises of The Chant of Gabriel’s Wings (Āwāz-i Par-i Jabraʾīl) and The Crimson Intellect (Aql-i Surkh) and finally concludes that Suhrawardī’s utopia is the true self of human beings apart from political and social issues.

References

  • Aḥmad Majrīṭī Maslamah ibn, Atallah, H., & Kiesel, W. J. (2002). Picatrix: Ghayat al-hakim: The goal of the wise. Ouroboros Press.
  • al-Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Ḥabaš Šihāb al-Dīn, & Thackston, W. M. I. (1999). The philosophical allegories and mystical treatises: A Parallel Persian-English Text. Mazda Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/12.1.74
  • al-Suhrawardī Šihabaddin. (1999). The philosophy of illumination (H. Ziai, Trans.). Edit. John Walbridge. Brigham Young University Press. (Original work published ca. 582 BCE)
  • Carra de Vaux, B. (1902). “La philosophie illuminative (Hikmet el-Ichraq), d’après Suhrawerdi Meqtoul,” Journal asiatique, 63–94.
  • Cohen, M. (2013). Prologue. The “Golden Age” of Jewish-Muslim relations: Myth and reality. A History of Jewish-Muslim relations, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400849130-005
  • Corbin, H. (1993). The man of light in Iranian Sufism (N. Pearson, Trans.). Boulder. (Original work published 1978)
  • Corbin, H., & Pearson, N. (1990). Spiritual body and celestial Earth from Mazdean Iran to Shi'ite Iran. I.B. Tauris.
  • Corbin, H. (2014). History of Islamic philosophy. Routledge.
  • Dehghani Farsani, Y., & Rezania, K. (2020). Ibn AL-MALĀḤIMĪ ON Zoroastrianism. Iranian Studies, 53(5-6), 703–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1713058
  • Dinani, G. (1985). Shu‘a‘-i Andisha va Shuhud dar Falsafa-yi Suhrawardi, Tehran: Hikmat.
  • Esfandīyar, RajabAlī. (2014). “Andīsheh-ye sīyāsī-ye sheyḫ shāhāb al-dīn Suhrawardī,” Sīyāsat-i motaālīyeh, 1(3), 121-137. http://sm.psas.ir/article_20004.html
  • Gutas, D. (2003). “Essay-Review: Suhrawardi and Greek Philosophy,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 303–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0957423903003138
  • Hashemī, Bibizohreh. (2012). “Mafhūm-i ‘Nā-kuğā-ābād’ dar dow resāleh-ye Suhrawardī bar asās-i naẓarīyeh-ye esteʻāreh shenakhtī,” The Journal of Linguistic Essays, 238-260. http://ensani.ir/fa/article/author/151909
  • Horten, M. (1912). Die Philosophie der Erleuchtung nach Suhrawardi (1191), Halle: Strauss and Cramer; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms.
  • Inge, W. R. (1947). “The perennial philosophy,” Philosophy, 22(81), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100023330
  • Jabraʿīl dar falsafeh va eʿrfān. (n.d.) In Wikifeqh, https://fa.wikifeqh.ir/جبرئیل در فلسفه و عرفان
  • Khan, M. M., & al-Hilali, T. al-D. (2007). Interpretation of the meanings of the Noble Qur'an in the English language (M. M. Khan & M. T. al-Hilali, Trans.). Darusslam publications.
  • Mehri, F. (2006). Romūz-i asrār-āmīz-i a‘dād. Chāf Publication Press.
  • Muʿin, M. (2002). Hūrqalyā. In M. Muʿin (ed.), Muʿin Encyclopedic Dictionary (4th edition, pp. 2122-2123). Amirkabir Publication.
  • Muʿin, M. (2002). Ishrāq. In M. Muʿin (ed.), Muʿin Encyclopedic Dictionary (4th edition, pp. 158). Amirkabir Publication.
  • Moḥarramī, F., & Zahabī, S. A. (2010). “Maẓāher-i ‘ālam-i Hūrqalyā dar falsafeh-ye Ishrāq va maktab-i shaykhīyeh” The Journal of Religious Thought, 96-73. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=117493
  • Nasr, S. H. (1964). Three Muslim sages. Harvard University Press.
  • Nasr, S. H., & Razavi, M. A. (2014). The Islamic intellectual tradition in Persia. Routledge.
  • Nelson, F. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran. Cambridge University Press.
  • Niksirat, A. (2017). Suhrawardi: A philosopher who must be re-known! Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 5(4), 686. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v5i4.638
  • Ottmann, K., & Scholem, G. (2005). Color symbolism: The Eranos lectures. Spring Publications.
  • Peacock, A. C., & Yildiz, S. N. (Eds.). (2012). The Seljuks of Anatolia. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Poornāmdārīyān, Taqī. (1985). Ramz va dāstānhā-ye ramzī dar adab-i Fārsī. Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company.
  • Razavi, M. A. (1997). Suhrawardi and the school of illumination. Curzon Press.
  • Rustom, M. (2020). “Storytelling as philosophical pedagogy: The case of Suhrawardī,” Knowledge and Education in Classical Islam: Religious Learning between Continuity and Change (2 Vols), 404–416. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413214_019
  • Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Habash ibn Armak. (1946). The Chant of Gabriel's Wings (M. Bayānī, Trans.). Payām-i Now Press. (Original work published ca. 677-731 BCE)
  • Suhrawardī, Yaḥyā ibn Habash ibn Armak. (1997). Aql-i Surkh. Edit. Mehrān Salagī. Moalef.
  • Spuler, B., Hoyland, R. G., Goldbloom, G., & Walburg, B. (2014). Iran in the Early Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, administration and public life between the Arab and the Seljuk conquests, 633-1055. BRILL.
  • Tor, D. G., & Peacock, A. C. S. (2017). Medieval central Asia and the Persianate world: Iranian tradition and Islamic civilization. I.B. Tauris & Company, Limited.
  • Walbridge, J. (2017). “Illuminationist Manuscripts: The Rediscovery of Suhrawardi and its Reception,” Illuminationist Texts and Textual Studies: Essays in Memory of Hossein Ziai, Leiden: Brill, 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004358393_004
  • Walbridge, J. (2001). The wisdom of the mystic East: Suhrawardī and Platonic orientalism. State University of New York Press.
  • Yūsuf Ibn Taghrībirdī Abū al-Maḥāsin, & Popper, W. (1909). Abû ʼl-mahâsin ibn Taghrî Birdî's annals entitled Annujûm az-Zâhirâ Fî mulûk miṣr wal-kâhirâ, vol. 6, pt. 2, no. 1-. Al-Mu'assasah al-Misr-iyah Press.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Faezeh Mohajeri 0000-0002-1835-6780

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mohajeri, F. (2021). Iranian Utopia: Suhrawardī and the Concept of ‘no-where’ in “The Chant of Gabriel’s Wings” and “The Crimson Intellect”. İran Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 455-478. https://doi.org/10.33201/iranian.988418

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