Aktif Algı Tartışmaları Bağlamında İbn Sînâ’da Mütehayyile

Abstract

Felsefe tarihi, insan zihninin dış dünyadaki nesnel gerçekliğin yalnızca algılayıcısı olduğu iddiası ile insan zihninin dış dünyadaki nesnel gerçekliğin kurucusu olduğu iddiası arasındaki gerilimlere tanıklık eder. Nesne herhangi bir işleme tabi tutulmadan mı algılanır? Yoksa algı, zihinde belirli süreçler aracılığıyla mı oluşmaktadır? İbn Sînâ''nın da dahil olduğu klasik felsefi psikolojide, hem semavi nefslerin hem de insani nefslerin idrak ve hareketlerinde saf akli olan ile saf maddi olan arasında ilişki kurmayı sağlayan güçler olarak iç duyulara başvurulmaktadır. Söz konusu dönemde hayal gücü hakkındaki tartışmalar, işaret edilen sorular açısından olduğu kadar duyusal alandaki parçalılık, farklılık ve bireysellik ile akli alandaki basitlik, ortaklık ve genellik arasındaki gerilim alanlarına işaret etmesi bakımından da önemlidir. Bu makale, İbn Sînâcı yeni iç duyular şeması ve özellikle mütehayyilenin, onun aktif algı hakkındaki tutumunu nasıl etkilediğini analiz etmektedir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle İbn Sînâ ile yeni bir görünüm kazanan iç duyular şeması ortaya konulacaktır. İkinci olarak, İbn Sînâ'nın, özellikle aktif algı ile ilgili olarak, mütehayyilenin işlevlerini nasıl yeniden tanımladığı analiz edilecektir.

Keywords

• İbn Sînâ
• iç duyular
• mütehayyile
• aktif algı

Avicenna on Compositive Imagination in the Context of Active Perception Debates

Abstract

The history of philosophy witnesses the tensions between the claim that the human mind is the mere perceiver of objective reality in the external world and the claim that the human mind is the founder of objective reality in the external world. Is the object perceived without any processing? Or is perception formed in the mind through certain processes? In classical philosophical psychology, including Avicenna's, the internal senses are referred to as the faculties that enable the relation between the purely rational and the purely material in the perception and movements of both celestial and human souls. The discussions about the imagination in this period are important not only in terms of the questions raised but also in terms of pointing to the areas of tension between the fragmentation, difference, and individuality in the sensory realm and the simplicity, commonality, and generality in the rational realm. This article analyses how Avicennian new internal senses scheme and especially compositive imagination influenced his position about active perception. To this end, firstly, the scheme of internal senses, which gained a new appearance with Avicenna, will be revealed. Secondly, how Avicenna redefines the functions of compositive imagination, especially regarding active perception, is analyzed.

Keywords

• Avicenna
• internal senses
• compositive imagination (mutakhayyilah)
• active perception

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