Osmanlı Sonrası Bulgaristan’daki Pomak Müslümanlarının Dinî ve Kültürel Kimliğinin Korunmasında El Yazmalarının Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı döneminden miras kalan medrese ve kütüphane el yazmalarının Bulgaristan’daki Pomak müslümanlarının dinî ve kültürel kimliğini korumadaki rolünü incelemektedir. XX. yüzyıl boyunca Bulgar Devleti’nin yürüttüğü asimilasyon politikaları karşısında Pomaklar, bu el yazmalarını bir bilgi kaynağı olmanın ötesinde, İslamî aidiyetin somut simgeleri ve Osmanlı geleneğine dayalı kolektif hafızanın taşıyıcıları olarak görmüştür. Araştırma, Güney Bulgaristan’daki köylerde yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar, sözlü tarih yaklaşımı ve halen özel evlerde korunan yazmaların içerik analizine dayanan nitel saha verilerine dayanmaktadır. Bulgular, el yazmalarının öğretici işlevlerini yitirmiş olsa da topluluk içinde sembolik bir değer kazandığını, sessiz bir direniş ve kimlik muhafazası aracı haline geldiğini göstermektedir. Nesiller boyunca korunan ve aktarılan bu miras, yazılı sayfanın ötesine geçerek canlı bir hafıza işlevi üstlenmiştir. Çalışma, kimliğin korunmasının yalnızca resmî kurumlarla değil, gündelik ev içi pratikler ve aile içi aktarımlar aracılığı ile de mümkün olduğunu; böylece maddi mirasın süreklilik, aidiyet ve toplumsal dayanışma kaynağına dönüştüğünü ve Pomak müslümanlarının azınlık kimliğinin kuşaklar boyunca korunmasına ışık tuttuğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Kültürel hafıza
• El yazmaları
• İslamî kimlik
• Sessiz direniş
• Pomak müslümanları

The Role of Ottoman Manuscripts in Preserving Pomak Muslims’ Religious and Cultural Identity in Bulgaria in the Post-Ottoman Period

Abstract

This study examines the role of Ottoman-era madrasas and library manuscripts in preserving the religious and cultural identity of Pomak Muslims in Bulgaria. Throughout the twentieth century, in the face of policies of assimilation imposed by the Bulgarian state, Pomaks regarded these manuscripts less as sources of instruction than as tangible symbols of Islamic belonging and carriers of collective memory rooted in the Ottoman tradition. This study is based on qualitative field data, combining semi-structured interviews conducted in several villages in southern Bulgaria, oral history accounts, and content analysis of manuscripts still preserved in private homes. The findings show that, although the manuscripts no longer served a direct educational function, they gained symbolic value within the community and became quiet instruments of cultural resilience and identity maintenance. Preserved and transmitted across generations, they extended beyond the written page and came to embody a form of living memory. This study concludes that identity can be sustained not only through formal institutions but also through everyday domestic practices and family transmissions, which turn material heritage into a source of continuity, belonging, and solidarity, shedding light on the ways Pomak Muslims have safeguarded their minority identity across generations.

Keywords

• Cultural memory
• Manuscripts
• Islamic identity
• Silent resistance
• Pomak muslims

دور المخطوطات العربية في الحفاظ على الهوية الدينية والثقافية لدى المسلمين البوماك في بلغاريا بعد العهد العثماني

Abstract

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الدور الذي تؤديه المخطوطات العربية اليدوية في الحفاظ على الهوية الإسلامية لدى المسلمين البوماك في بلغاريا، في ظلّ السياسات القسرية التي استهدفت طمس معالمهم الدينية والثقافية خلال القرن العشرين. وتبرز أهمية هذه الدراسة في الكشف عن دينامية المقاومة الصامتة التي مثّلتها هذه المخطوطات، لا بوصفها مصادر معرفية فحسب، بل بوصفها رموزًا مادية للانتماء، وامتدادًا لذاكرة دينية وثقافية تعود جذورها إلى الحقبة العثمانية. المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج نوعي، استند إلى مقابلات ميدانية غير رسمية مع عدد من النساء في قرى جنوب بلغاريا، وتحليل محتوى عيّنة من المخطوطات القديمة التي ما تزال محفوظة في البيوت، والتي يتبيّن أن أصول العديد منها ترجع إلى فترات متأخرة من العهد العثماني. النتائج: كشفت الدراسة أن هذه المخطوطات، رغم غياب بعدها التعليمي المباشر، اكتسبت حالة رمزية متميزة داخل الوعي الجمعي، واستُخدمت كأدوات صامتة للممانعة الثقافية. كما برز دور النساء في حفظها وتوريثها عبر الأجيال، بما جعلها جزءًا من ذاكرة حية تتجاوز النص المكتوب، وتحافظ على صلة خفية بتراث عثماني لم يُفقد تمامًا. الخلاصة: تؤكد الدراسة أنّ الحفاظ على الهوية لا يمرّ فقط عبر المؤسسات، بل قد يتجسّد في ممارسات منزلية بسيطة تنقل ذاكرة جماعية صامتة، وتحوّل التراث المادي إلى أداة للصمود والتمسك بالذات في وجه التذويب القسري، بما في ذلك الارتباط غير المباشر بميراث ثقافي أعمق يمتد إلى العهد العثماني

Keywords

• الذاكرة الثقافية،
• المخطوطات اليدوية
• ، التراث الإسلامي المادي

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