Düzensiz Göç ve Sendikaların Yaklaşımı: Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de sendikaların düzensiz /kaçak göçmen işçilere karşı yaklaşımını ve eğer var ise söz konusu gruba ilişkin faaliyetlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada, sendikaların düzensiz göçmen işçiliğe yönelik tutumlarını içeren tartışmalar ve Türkiye’ye yönelen düzensiz göç akımları incelendikten sonra, Türkiye’de sendikaların düzensiz göçe ilişkin tutumlarını içeren alan çalışmasının sonuçları sunulacaktır. Alan çalışması, amaca yönelik örneklem tekniğine uygun olarak seçilen konfederasyon, sendika ve şube düzeyinde yöneticiler ile gerçekleştirilen yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlara dayanmaktadır. Ayrıca, mülakatları desteklemek üzere, seçilmiş sendikaların yayınları ve Genel Kurul Raporları taranmıştır. Çalışma, düzensiz göçmen işçiliğin, Türkiye’de sendikacılığın yaşadığı yapısal sorunlar ve işgücü piyasasının özellikleri nedeniyle, sendikaların gündemine yabancı bir konu olduğunu göstermektedir. Alan çalışmasının bulguları sonucunda, sendikaların düzensiz göçmen işgücüne karşı spesifik bir strateji geliştirmedikleri ve konuyu enformel istihdam kapsamında değerlendirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, sendikacıların göçmen işçilere karşı negatif bir tutum içerisinde olmadığı da görülmektedir. Enformel istihdam ve düzensiz göçmen işgücü sorununu çözmede ise, sendikalar tarafından tanımlanan öncelikli aktör ise devlettir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düzensiz göç, uluslararası emek göçü, sendikacılık, düzensiz göçmen işgücü, enformel istihdam

Irregular Migration and Trade Union Responses: The Case Of Turkey

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the attitudes of Turkish trade unions towards irregular migrant labour and their activities on the issue if any. After a review of the debate on trade union attitude towards irregular migrant work and background information on irregular migration to Turkey, the findings of the field survey on the attitudes of Turkish trade unions towards irregular migration is presented. The survey is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with trade unionists at the confederation, trade union and branch levels, chosen by purposive sampling. Screening of the selected trade union publications and General Congress Reports for an evaluation of how the irregular migration is situated in the trade union agenda is used to support the interviews. This study indicates that as a result of both the characteristics of the labour market in Turkey and structural problems of trade unions, irregular migrant labour remain as an issue alien to the established agenda of trade unions. According to findings from survey, trade unions have no specific strategy with regard to irregular migrant labour and address the issue in the context of informal employment. On the other hand no negative attitude has been developed against migrant workers. The State is regarded as the principal actor in tackling informal employment and irregular migrant labour.

Keywords

• Irregular migration, international labour migration, trade unionism, irregular migrant labour, informal employment

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