Ms. 13. - 19. yy. Derbend Şehrinin Rus mezarlığında Dağıstan Mezar Taşlarının Yazılı Yazıt ve Dekoratif Unsurlarının Oluşumunda Görsel Boyutun Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 52, 94 - 119, 31.12.2024

Muhammad Naser Aboelkhier

https://doi.org/10.55918/islammedeniyetidergisi.1487257

Abstract

İslami mezar taşlarının görsel boyutunun ve yazılı yazıt içeriğinin ve dekoratif unsurlarının oluşumuna etkisinin incelenmesi, birçok tarihi ve dini olaya çağdaş olması ve ekonomik durumu çıkarması nedeniyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca içeriği sorgulanması zor olan önemli bir arkeolojik kaynak olarak kabul edilir. Yazılı yazıtların ve piktogramların içeriği, insanların ölümden önceki işlevlerini gösterir ve dini, günah çıkarma dogmalarını, siyasi ve idari konumlarını yansıtır. Mezar taşı imalatında el san-atları otoritesi, oymacı, kazıcı, hattat ve Hamal ile dekoratör, renkçi, kopyacı ve fotoğrafçı arasın-da değişiyordu; bu, özellikle askeri olmak üzere ikonik logoları seçmekten ve siyasi ve sosyal boyutlara göre tasarlamaktan sorumludur. genel halkın tahrif etmemesini sağlamak onları.
Tasarımcılar ayrıca mezar taşı stillerinin görsel boyutunu, boyutlarını, mezar taşının dört satırındaki yazılı yazıtların birleşimini ve mekansal boyutlarını da dikkate almaya özen gösterdiler. Bu yazıda görsel boyutun mezar taşı üslupları ve mezar mekanlarının tasarımı üzerindeki etkisine ışık tutarken, yazım üslubunu, kaligrafi ve Gravür üslubunun kalitesini ziyaretçilerin gözüyle okumak için uygun boyuta uyacak şekilde seçmenin yanı sıra diğer birçok yardımcı unsuru da kullanıyorum. yazılı yazıtların dağılımı ve yeniden düzenlenmiş dilleri, miktarı, yazıtlarının içeriği, dekoratif unsurları ve grafik logoları olarak.

Keywords

Mezar taşları, Derbend Mezarlığı, resimli logolar, ikonografi, görsel boyutun etkisi

Project Number

16

The Influence of Visual Dimension in The Formation of Dagestan Tombstones Written In-scriptions and Decorative Elements in The Russian Cemetery of Derbend City During the 13th-19th AD

Abstract

The study of the visual dimension and its impact on the formation of written inscriptions contents and decorative elements of Islamic tombstones is of great importance because it is con-temporary to many historical and religious events, as well as infers the economic situation. Also considered an important archaeological source whose content is difficult to question. The content of written inscriptions and pictograms indicates people's functions before death and reflects their religious, confessional dogmas and political and administrative positions. Crafts authority in tombstone manufacturing varied between engraver, digger, calligrapher and Porter, as well as the decorator, colorist, copyist, and photographer, who is primarily responsible for choosing iconic logos, specifically military, and designing according to political and social dimensions, to ensure that the general public does not falsify them.
Designers also took care to take into account the visual dimension of tombstone styles, their sizes, the content of written inscriptions on the tombstone's four lines and the spatial dimen-sions. In this paper, I shed light on the influence of visual dimension on the design of tombstone styles and burial spaces, in addition to choosing the writing style, the quality of calligraphy and Engraving style to suit the appropriate dimension to read them with visitors' eyes, while employ-ing many other auxiliary elements such as the distribution of written inscriptions and their rec-orded languages, quantity, the content of their inscriptions, decorative elements and graphic log-os.

Keywords

Tombstones, Derbend Cemetery, illustrated logos, iconography, the effect of visual dimension

Project Number

16

البعد البصري وأثره في تشكيل النقوش الكتابية والعناصر الزخرفية على شواهد القبور الداغستانية بمقبرة مدينة دربند الروسية خلال ق13ه/19م

Abstract

تُعد دراسة البعد البصري وأثره في تشكيل مضامين النقوش الكتابية والعناصر الزخرفية على شواهد القبور الإسلامية على جانب كبير من الأهمية، نظراً لكونها معاصرة لكثير من الأحداث التاريخية والدينية، ويُستدل منها كذلك على الحالة الاقتصادية، وأيضاً تُعتبر مصدرًا أثرياُ مهمًا من الصعب التشكيك في محتواه. وتُشير محتوى نقوشها الكتابية ورسوم شعاراتها المصورة إلى الوظائف التي تقلدها الأشخاص قُبيل وفاتهم، وتعكس عقائدهم الدينية والمذهبية ومكانتهم السياسية والإدارية. وقد تنوعت وظائف الهيئة الحرفية العاملة في صناعة وزخرفة شواهد القبور بين النقّاش والحفّار والخطّاط والحمّال، فضلاً عن المُزخرف والمُلون والنسّاخ، والمصور وهو المسؤول الأول عن اختيار الشعارات الأيقونية وخاصة العسكرية وتصميمها وفق أبعاد سياسية واجتماعية، حرصاً منه على عدم تقليدها من عامة الناس أو تزييفها.
ولم يتوقف دور الطائفة الحرفية عند هذا فقط، بل تعداه إلى مراعاة البعد الإنساني في اختيار مساحات الدفن، كذلك حرص المُصممون على مراعاة البعد البصري في تصميم هيئات شواهد القبور ومقاساتها العامة، ومحتوي نقوشها الكتابية وأسلوب توزيعها على الواجهات الأربع وفي الأبعاد الفراغية لشواهد القبور. وفي هذا البحث أوضح دراسة تأثير البعد البصري ودوره في تصميم أشكال شواهد القبور ومساحات الدفن الخاصة بها، بالإضافة إلى دوره في اختيار أسلوب الكتابة ونوعية الخط وأسلوب الحفر الذي يلائم مع البعد المناسب لقراءتها من قِبل عيون زوار الجبانة، مع توظيف عناصر مُتعددة أخري مساعدة مثل طريقة توزيع النقوش الكتابية ولغاتها المُسجلة بها، وكميتها، ومحتوي نقوشها، بجانب العناصر الزخرفية ورسوم الشعارات المُصورة.

Keywords

شواهد القبور, جبانة مدينة دربند, الشعارات المصورة, الرسوم الأيقونية, تأثير البعد البصري

Project Number

16

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