Evrensel Temel Gelire Avrupa Ülkelerinde Kamuoyu Desteği: Ordinal Lojistik Regresyon Analizi

Abstract

Evrensel temel gelir, herhangi bir şarta bağlı olmadan tüm vatandaşlara düzenli olarak verilen geçimlik gelir olarak tanımlanabilir. Her ne kadar evrensel temel gelir fikrinin kökenleri çok eskiye dayansa da son yıllarda oldukça popüler hale geldiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu makalede, evrensel temel gelire Avrupa kamuoyunun desteği ESS (2016) veri seti üzerinden incelenecektir. Temel gelir ve benzeri sosyal politikaların sadece yukarıdan aşağıya müdahalelerle değil, aynı zamanda aşağıdan yukarıya kamuoyu baskısı ile oluştuğu düşünülürse bu konunun önemi daha iyi anlaşılabilir. İlk önce betimsel istatistiklerin analizi, sonra regresyon analizi üzerinden temel gelire popüler desteğin bireysel düzeydeki belirleyicileri analiz edilecektir. Makalede, temel gelire popüler desteğin Avrupa ülkelerinde mevcut refah rejimi, yaş, toplumsal cinsiyet, hane halkı geliri, işsizlik, hayat ve ekonomi memnuniyeti, ideolojik konum ve dindarlık değişkenleri üzerinden belirlendiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Evrensel Temel Gelir
• Asgari Gelir Güvencesi
• Kamuoyu Desteği
• Sosyal Politika

Public Support Towards Universal Basic Income in European Countries: Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis

Abstract

Universal basic income can be defined as a guaranteed income provided to all citizens without any condition for at least bare minimum subsistence. Although the idea behind the universal basic income is very old, it has become very popular in recent years. In this article, the popular support of European citizens for a universal basic income propoosal will be examined mainly through the ESS (2016) dataset. Considering the fact that basic income and similar social policies are not constructed only by top-down interventions but also through bottom-up public pressure, the importance of this issue can be better understood. First, I will investitagate the descriptive statistics and then I will employ regression analysis in order to figure out the individual-level determinants of popular support for basic income. This article shows that the popular support for basic income in Europe is determined by the current welfare regime, age, gender, household income, unemployment, life and economy satisfaction, ideological position and religiosity parameters.

Keywords

• Universal Basic Income
• Guaranteed Minimum Income
• Public Support
• Social Policies

References

1. Arthur, D. (2016, 18 Kasım) “Basic Income: a radical idea enters the mainstream,” Australian Parliament Research Papers, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/BasicIncome (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)
2. Baranowski, M., & Jabkowski, P. (2021). Basic income support in Europe: A cross-national analysis based on the European Social Survey Round 8. Economics & Sociology, 14(2), 167- 183.
3. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Princeton University Press.
4. Hughes, C. (2018). Fair shot: Rethinking inequality and how we earn. St. Martin's Press.
5. IMF (2017). Fiscal Monitor: Tackling Inequality, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/FM/Issues/2017/10/05/fiscal-monitor-october-2017 (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)
6. Kozák, M. (2021). Cultural productivism and public support for the universal basic income from a cross-national perspective. European Societies, 23(1), 23-45.
7. Lee, S. (2021). Politics of Universal and Unconditional Cash Transfer: Examining Attitudes Toward Universal Basic Income. Basic Income Studies, 16(2), 191-208.
8. Plan International (2017).Youth Unemployment: The Facts, https://plan-international.org/eu/youth-unemployment-facts (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)

9. Santends, S. (2017, 15 Ocak). “Why we should all have a basic income,” World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/why-we-should-all-have-a-basic-income/ (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)
10. Schwander, H., & Vlandas, T. (2020). The Left and universal basic income: the role of ideology in individual support. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 36(3), 237-268.
11. Rehm, P. (2011). Social policy by popular demand. World Politics, 63(2), 271-299.
12. Vlandas, T. (2019). The politics of the basic income guarantee: Analysing individual support in Europe. Basic Income Studies, 14(1).
13. Weller, C. (2016, 18 Mayıs). “A Nobel Prize winner in economics just backed basic income,” Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/basic-income-gets-nobel-prize-winners-approval-2016-5 (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)
14. World Bank (2019). The Changing Nature of Work- World Development Report, https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2019 (Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2022)