Afet Yönetimi Öğrencilerinin Empati Düzeyleri ile Kişilik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 123 - 136, 25.05.2021

Mazhar Oyanık

https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.896696

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilerleyen zamanlarda arama kurtarma faaliyetinde bulunacağı beklenen Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi bölümünde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin empati düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve kişilik özellikleri ile empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaçla, araştırmamızın evrenini Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Acil Yardım ve Afet Yönetimi Bölümünde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen bir örneklem üzerinde, internet üzerinden anket yöntemiyle bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırmada frekans, bağımsız örneklem T-testi, ANOVA ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin empati düzeylerine bakıldığında bilişsel empati skorlarının hem kız hem de erkek öğrencilerde iyi düzeyde ve birbirine yakın ortalamalara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Duygusal empati düzeyleri incelendiğinde ise cinsiyete göre fark olduğu ve kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksek ortalamaya sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Kişilik özellikleri ile empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde bilişsel empati ile sırasıyla zekâ/hayal gücü ve uyumluluk kişilik özellikleri arasında orta düzeyde, sorumluluk kişilik özelliği arasında ise düşük düzeyde anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Duygusal empati ile duygusal dengelilik kişilik özelliği arasında orta düzeyde ve uyumluluk kişilik özelliği ile de düşük düzeyde anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Bilişsel Empati, Duygusal Empati, Empati Düzeyi, Kişilik Özellikleri ile Empati Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkiler

The Relationship Between Empathy Levels and Personality Traits of Disaster Management Students: The Case of Gümüşhane University

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the empathy levels of the students studying in the Emergency Aid and Disaster Management department, which is expected to carry out search and rescue activities in the future, and to determine the relationship between personality traits and empathy levels. For this purpose, the universe of our research consists of the students studying in the Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Department of Gümüşhane University. A research was conducted on a sample determined by convenience sampling method using the online survey method. Frequency, independent sample T-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used in the study. When the empathy levels of the students were examined, it was found that the cognitive empathy scores of both female and male students were at a good level and close to each other. When emotional empathy levels were examined, it was found that there was a difference according to gender and that female students had a higher average than male students. When the correlation between personality traits and empathy levels was examined, it was found that there was a moderate correlation between cognitive empathy and intelligence / imagination and compatibility personality trait, and a low level of significant and positive correlation between responsibility personality trait. It was found that there was a moderate correlation between emotional empathy and emotional stability personality trait, and a low level of significant and positive correlation also with the compatibility personality trait.

Keywords

Cognitive Empathy, Emotional Empathy, Empathy Level, The Relationships Between Personality Traits and Empathy Levels

References

• Abe, K., Niwa, M., Fujisaki, K., ve Suzuki, Y. (2018). Associations between emotional intelligence, empathy and personality in Japanese medical students. BMC medical education, 18(1), 1-9.
• Allport, G. W. ve Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study.Psychological monographs, 47(1), i-171.
• Baron-Cohen, S., ve Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 34(2), 163-175.
• Bas-Sarmiento, P., Fernández-Gutiérrez, M., Baena-Baños, M., Correro-Bermejo, A., Soler-Martins, PS ve de la Torre-Moyano, S. (2020). Sağlık bilimlerinde empati eğitimi: Sistematik bir inceleme. Uygulamada Hemşire Eğitimi , 102739, 1-13.
• Bellet, P. S., ve Maloney, M. J. (1991). The importance of empathy as an interviewing skill in medicine. Jama, 266(13), 1831-1832.
• Buie, D. H. (1981). Empathy: Its nature and limitations. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 29(2), 281-307.
• Cattell, R. B. (1947). Confirmation and clarification of primary personality factors.Psychometrika, 12(3), 197-220.
• Coplan, A. (2011). Will the real empathy please stand up? A case for a narrow conceptualization. The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 49, 40-65.
• Costa Jr, P. T. ve McCrae, R. R. (2008). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEOPI-R). Sage Publications, Inc.
• Costa, P., Alves, R., Neto, I., Marvao, P., Portela, M., ve Costa, M. J. (2014). Associations between medical student empathy and personality: a multi-institutional study. PloS one, 9(3), e89254.
• Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion review, 8(2), 144-153.
• Daane, C. J., ve Schmidt, L. G. (1957). Empathy and personality variables. The Journal of Educational Research, 51(2), 129-135.
• Decety, J., ve Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience reviews, 3(2), 71-100.
• Duan, C., ve Hill, C. E. (1996). The current state of empathy research. Journal of counseling psychology, 43(3), 261-274.
• Dymond, R. F. (1950). Personality and empathy. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 14(5), 343-350.
• Erlanger, A. C. E., ve Tsytsarev, S. V. (2012). The relationship between empathy and personality in undergraduate students’ attitudes toward nonhuman animals. Society & Animals, 20(1), 21-38.
• Elliott, R., Bohart, A. C., Watson, J. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Empathy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 43-49.
• Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative" description of personality": the big-five factorstructure. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1216.
• Greenberg, L. S., Watson, J. C., Elliot, R., ve Bohart, A. C. (2001). Empathy. Psychotherapy: Theory, research, practice, training, 38(4), 380-384.
• Hojat, M., Zuckerman, M., Magee, M., Mangione, S., Nasca, T., Vergare, M., ve Gonnella, J. S. (2005). Empathy in medical students as related to specialty interest, personality, and perceptions of mother and father. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(7), 1205-1215.
• Magalhães, E., Costa, P., ve Costa, M. J. (2012). Empathy of medical students and personality: evidence from the Five-Factor Model. Medical Teacher, 34(10), 807-812.
• Melchers, M. C., Li, M., Haas, B. W., Reuter, M., Bischoff, L., & Montag, C. (2016). Similar personality patterns are associated with empathy in four different countries. Frontiers in psychology, 7(290), 1-12.
• Mercer, S. W., ve Reynolds, W. J. (2002). Empathy and quality of care. British Journal of General Practice, 52(Suppl), S9-12.
• Montazeri, M., Tagharrobi, Z., Sooki, Z., ve Sharifi, K. (2020). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Nurse Interpersonal Empathy Questionnaire. International journal of nursing sciences, 7(3), 337-343.
• Mooradian, T. A., Davis, M., ve Matzler, K. (2011). Dispositional empathy and the hierarchical structure of personality. The American journal of psychology, 124(1), 99-109.
• Nettle, D. (2007). Empathizing and systemizing: what are they, and what do theycontribute to our understanding of psychological sex differences? Br. J. Psychol.98, 237–255.
• Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes:Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(6), 574.
• Stueber, K. (2013). Empathy. International Encyclopedia of Ethics.1-8.
• Thurstone, L. L. (1934). The vectors of mind. Psychological review, 41(1), 1-32.
• Vossen, H. G., Piotrowski, J. T., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2015). Development of the adolescent measure of empathy and sympathy (AMES). Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 66-71.
• Williams, C. R., Rodgers, P. T., McLaughlin, J. E., Angelo, T. A., ve Shepherd, G. (2020). Comparing Empathy Levels in Doctor of Pharmacy Students and Exemplary Pharmacist Preceptors. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(3).